基于ProE的生姜挖掘类收获机构的模拟仿真设计

利用ProE软件模拟仿真设计了一种生姜挖掘类收获机构,该收获机构虚拟的悬挂于小型拖拉机后,由拖拉机带动该机构进行挖掘生姜收获作业。该收获机构中的切割铲模拟仿真是采用钢板材料制成的两刀片并组合成整体"V"型三角形的挖掘切割铲设计,并在切割刀片后面设有条形筛至土薯分离器,以便姜块挖掘物的初次姜土分离和传输;姜土传输分离器模拟仿真设计是利用常用钢筋条按一定间距布置于传动链条上组合而成的链杆式分离器。这种利用三维模拟仿真软件设计和虚拟样机装配的方法,形象直观,便于进一步开发研究。     

红壤丘陵区花生收获机的设计与试验

近几年江西省花生种植面积稳中有升,到2010年播种面积已达16.33万hm~2,在全国花生主产省中种植面积位居第7位~[1]。但是江西省花生生产机械化程度低,基本上是人工、畜力为主,尤其是花生收获仍以人工为主,随着农民对农业机械的需求,花生收获机械化已成为花生生产环节的发展方向。所以,笔者根据江西红壤丘陵区花生种植的特点,设计了以14.7~25.7Kw拖拉机为动力,铲链组合式的小型花生收获机。通过室内和田间性能测试,该机具的生产率为0.152hm~2/h,含土率、破碎率、埋果损失率等机具性能技术指标基本满足花生收获质量评价体系规范的要求。     

4HD-1型花生联合收获机

4HD-1型花生联合收获机是山东双力集团自主开发研制的一种新型花生收获机械。该机与11kW以上小四轮拖拉机配套使用，能一次完成花生的挖掘、拍土、摘果、清选、集果等项作业，具有生产效率高、作业损失少、转移速度快、方便灵活、使用安全可靠、投资成本低等特点，是目前实现花生机械化收获的理想机具。     

4HD-1型花生联合收获机

4H D -1型花生联合收获机是山东双力集团自主开发研制的一种新型花生收获机械。该机与11kW 以上小四轮拖拉机配套使用,能一次完成花生的挖掘、拍土、摘果、清选、集果等项作业,具有生产效率高、作业损失少、转移速度快、方便灵活、使用安全可靠、投资成本低等特点,是目前实现花生机械化收获的理想机具。1 主要结构及工作原理 (1)主要结构。该机由机架、传动系统、升降系统、挖掘部分、拍打器、夹秧输送系统、摘果器、震动筛、横向输果器、提升器、集果箱等部件组成。 (2)工作原理。该机通过机架与拖拉机后部连接,升降支架与拖拉机前部连接…     

河南举行花生联合收获试验现场会

正8月9日上午,河南省花生联合收获技术装备提升与试验示范现场演示会在宁陵县逻岗镇花生种植示范基地举行。现场演示会共展示12种类型的花生收获机具,其中代表了国内花生收获机械技术前沿的产品有自走式花生收获机、履带式花生收获分离机与配置不同动力机械的茎块收获机具。现场上,依次演示了花生收获机械完成的挖掘、输送、摘果、筛选     

1K-220双铧开沟机

由山东省招远泰山农机厂技术研究所研制推出，于2003年8月获国家专利。该机除收获地瓜外，还能收获花生、土豆等农作物，安装、操作、维修方便，经济实用。采用框架结构，后悬挂，平犁铲挖掘。其工作原理是机具前半部分挖掘，后半部分抖土，分离输送作物。具体作业过程是由拖拉机输出轴轮通过三角带传送到收获机上，     

花生收获机的几个调节方法

<正>花生收获机以小型四轮拖拉机为动力,利用振动挖掘的工作原理,收获部件一边前进一边摆动,将花生作业过程中的挖掘和除土一次性完成,花生收获后放于田间,便于捡拾和运送。每小时作业2～3亩,与人工收获     

YN-2型联合花生收获机

由山东省平度市店子镇益农农业机械厂研制的新型花生收获机械已投放市场。该机可直接与中小型拖拉机配套使用,具有挖掘和抖土功能,关键的收获装置可利用拖拉机动力输出带动抖土筛前后摆动,实现了挖掘花生、分离与抖土一体化。一次可完成挖掘和抖土,使花生与土完全分离。一体两侧带有护板,便于花生蔓收获整齐,后侧附设镇压轮,可对收获花生二次脱土,确保分离完全。该机工作阻力小,机组功耗小,收获效果好,采用该机收获的花生荚果损失小,掉果率低,花生无破损。不用人工抖土,可直接装车。在收获花生的同时,地膜可一同挖刨离土,地膜直接附在花生蔓…     

滚筒筛式花生荚果复收机的设计与试验研究

针对花生收获漏果、掉果严重且缺少有效的花生复收机问题,为进一步减小花生收获损失率、提高收获效益,设计了一种牵引式花生复收机。复收机主要由挖掘装置、滚筒式分离输送装置、集果箱、机架及限深装置等组成,能够一次性完成花生荚果的挖掘、输送、除杂去土及收集等作业过程。其中,挖掘铲采用封闭铲面及栅杆结构,有效降低了挖掘阻力,提升了挖掘效果;采用滚筒式分离输送装置,实现了花生荚果的有效抬升及碎土清土,有效降低了花生荚果的含土率及破损率。田间试验结果表明：机具收获效果好,工作性能稳定,收获含土率低于4%,破损率低于2.5%,漏果率低于0.25%,生产效率达到0.21～0.37 hm²/h,可为进一步开发设计高效的花生复收收获机械提供参考。     

花生收获集晒机的设计

针对我国的花生种植区存在不同粘结的土壤,在花生收获时铲起的土块不易脱落及花生果粒易掉落的问题,为适应各地不同土壤的要求以提高花生收获质量,设计开发了花生收获集晒机。此花生收获集晒机主要由机架、铲刀、齿盘、内导板、外导板等组成。其特点是在铲刀的后面设有振动器,安装于铲刀尾部并向后延伸的多支齿条,且振动器的振幅和频率均为可调。此机具在花生收割作业时,振动器能把铲起的土垡散开,避免花生果粒脱落,能够适应多种土壤条件。该机具设计合理,为我国花生收割提供了有效的技术支持。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。