纤维板生产过程中削片机噪音及废水的处理

湿法纤维板生产过程中有二大污染源,一是噪音,二是废水。我们通过对削片机设备的改造,对废水处理采用建造污水池等措施,解决了二大污染问题。 1 降低SO_3型削片机噪音 1.1 削片机组的噪音分析 削片机组的噪音主要是削片机主机产生的,其次是风送机。根据环保局来厂实测,削片机正常工作时噪音为105dB,有时高达110dB,即使空载运转也达到97dB。而国家标准规定,每天工作8h噪音不得超过90dB。可见削片机的噪音值已大幅度超过国家标准。     

胶粘剂对纤维板热压传热的影响

通过对分别施加了酚醛树脂胶、脲醛树脂胶及未施胶的纤维板板坯的中心层在热压过程中温度的变化曲线的比较,结果表明：胶粘剂对纤维板热压传热的影响很小,可以忽略不计。     

陕西省纤维板生产浅析

陕西省纤维板生产起步较晚,60年代初期开始生产,年产量只有400～500m~3。70年代后逐渐有所发展,年产量5000～6000m~3。80年代以后,随着改革开放,纤维板生产有了较大发展。据1989年的不完全统计,全省在建和已投产的纤维板厂(车间)近30家,年总产量达5.63万 m~3。按1吨纤维板相当5m~3原木计算,则等于增产24万 m~3原木,比我省森工系统一年的原木产量还多。这些纤维板应用在家具、建筑、包装等方面,不仅满足了社会需求,缓解了木材供应紧张的状况,而且促进了林区、农村经济的发展,提高了企业的经济效益,更重要的是,采伐、造材和木材加工的剩余物得到合理利用,对充分利用森林资源,保护林业起到了积极的作用。我省纤维板生产形势是好的,但面临不少问题,主要是:1 原材料不足,价格高,纤维板生产成本上升     

室外型中密度纤维板的制造工艺研究

本文主要探讨了以４，４’－二苯基－甲烷－二异氰酸酯（ＭＤＩ）为胶粘剂生产室外型中密度纤维反的制造工艺，同时研制了ＭＤＩ胶粘剂专门使用的脱膜剂，以解决生产过程中的热压粘板的问题。用ＭＤＩ胶粘剂生产的中密度纤维板，其物理力学性能达到了欧洲中密度纤维板工业标准（ＥＭＢ－９５）中的室外型中密度纤维板指标。     

烟秆湿法硬质纤维板生产试验

本试验的目的是探索用烟秆生产湿法硬质纤维板的技术可行性,找出与之相适应的工艺参数。试验结果表明,烟秆是一种良好的原料,用它作原料生产湿法硬质纤维板在技术、经济方面都是可行的。     

提高硬质纤维板性能的研究

用正交法研究了生产高性能硬质纤维板的最佳工艺，进而分析浆料的综合处理、热压工艺、不同的施胶方式以及喷胶时的湿板坯含水率对产品性能的影响。     

利用灌木制造硬质纤维的生产试验

为充分开发森林资源，利用当地灌木制造硬质纤维板的生产试验，结果表明：用灌木可以生产出合格的硬质纤维板。     

Preparation of board-like moldings from composites of isolated lignins and waste paper II: effect of inorganic salt addition on board performance and evaluation of practical use of MDF

Board-shaped composites with medium density (MDF) were prepared from isolated lignins and waste newspaper, in addition to preparation of the composites with high density (HB). The board properties of both composites concerning bending strength and water resistance were improved by the addition of hardwood acetic acid lignin (HAL). The internal bond strength and water resistance of MDF, in particular the degree of thickness swelling (TS), were also improved by prolonged molding time. Adding inorganic salts contributed to the improvement of TS. The effect depended on the charge of the cation. Considering practical utilization of lignin-based MDF as a structural material, its performance was evaluated by combination of the single-shear test of nailed joints and the modulus of rigidity. As a result, this MDF had sufficient strength to be utilized as an internal shear wall material. Therefore, lignin can be considered as an alternative to conventional adhesives for the production of boards such as HB and MDF.     

含油生产废水处理

本文阐述了含油生产废水的来源、危害,重点介绍了油田废水和炼厂废水的性状,并对乳化油 废水粗粒化分离方法做了简要说明。     

Effect of pressure on organic acid production from Japanese beech treated in supercritical water

The effect of pressure as described by density was studied on organic acid production from Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) treated in supercritical water. At a reaction temperature of 380°C, the maximum yield of organic acids was 35% at a pressure of 30 MPa (density of water: 0.53 g/ml) for 1 min in a batch-type system. Furthermore, the yield of organic acids decreased with increasing reaction pressure. It was also found that fragmented products from sugars such as methylglyoxal and glycolaldehyde could be more easily converted to organic acids than dehydrated products such as furfural and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural. This result suggests that organic acids can be mainly derived from fragmented products. Part of this article was presented at the 55th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society (2005), and at the 17th Annual Meeting of Japan Institute of Energy (2007)     

木片散堆碎料水分迁移系数的研究

本文首次提出利用梯度转换法,实验测定动态传质控制方程中的质扩散系数及传质边界条件中的质交换系数,求算了表面以下蒸发界面深度及其对蒸发速率与相对蒸发深度的关系。实验表明,多孔物料表面下的相对蒸发深度在1%以下时,对质迁移率的影响极为显著。质交换系数也是蒸发界面深度的函数。质扩散系数是含水率的函数。本文采用变系数分段线性化的方法,利用质扩散方程的解析解验算了所求出的质扩散系数、质交换系数及蒸发界面深度的可靠性。理论验算表明,无量纲质迁移势的理论值与实验值之间的相对误差不大于6%,从而说明,利用梯度转换法测定木片料床的质迁移系数的方法是可行的。     

Determinants of yield in a non-timber forest product: Copaifera oleoresin in Amazonian extractive reserves

Developing sustainable extractive industries in otherwise intact tropical forest regions requires a sound understanding of the production potential of key resource populations. The oleoresin extracted from Copaifera trees is an economically important non-timber forest product harvested throughout the lowland Amazon basin. We studied oleoresin extraction from four species of Copaifera trees with known harvest histories within two contiguous extractive reserves in western Brazilian Amazonia. We conducted a large-scale experimental harvest of 179 previously unharvested Copaifera trees, in both seasonally flooded (várzea) and adjacent unflooded (terra firme) forests. The likelihood of trees yielding any oleoresin was principally determined by their species identity: C. multijuga was the only species to regularly yield oleoresin (70% of trees). Yield volumes varied both amongst species and forest types: C. multijuga (restricted to terra firme forest) had the highest mean yield of 505 ml, whilst C. guyanensis produced higher volumes of oleoresin in várzea (139 ml) than terra firme (15 ml) forest. Intraspecific differences were driven mainly by tree size. To assess extraction sustainability, we reharvested a sample of C. multijuga trees and compared the oleoresin production of 24 conspecific trees that had been initially harvested one year previously with that of 17 trees initially harvested three years previously. Reharvested trees produced just 35% of the oleoresin volume compared to that when originally drilled, but this response was not affected by the time interval between consecutive harvests. We demonstrate that, within a population of Copaifera, both morphological and environmental factors restrict total productivity; consideration of these factors should inform sustainable management practises. We additionally raise methodological considerations that may improve the comparability of studies.     

露天煤矿排土场植被调查与自然恢复研究(英文)

通过分析辽宁省海州露天煤矿排土场植被组成、物种多样性及重要值的变化,研究了排土场植物群落恢复与演替的一般规律。结果表明:排土场共有植物63 种,分属于23 科,其中菊科15 种、豆科11 种、禾本科8 种;蒺藜+水稗草+猪毛菜、水稗草+大籽蒿+黄蒿、水稗草+披硷草+黄蒿+大籽蒿+黄花草木犀、芦苇+披硷草+水稗草+狗尾草分别是年限为5、10、20、40 梯田层群落的优势种群;重要值对植被重建中物种筛选有指示性,蒺藜在排土场人工恢复中可做为先锋种,披硷草、芦苇、水稗草可做为重要的优势种;排土场植被自然恢复速度缓慢,为了尽快改善生态环境,应该筛选并合理配置先锋植物和适生植物,进行植被重建,加强抚育管理,缩短演替进程。表2 参17。     

西双版纳农垦橡胶厂废水治理现状和建议

西双版纳是我国的第二个天然橡胶种植基地，橡胶产业已成为当地的主要支柱之一，对地方经济发展和农民增收有着巨大影响。但是，橡胶加工产生的废水，对西双版纳的水系造成了仅次于甘蔗制糖业的污染，在一些地方，污染问题已对农业生产、人民生活产生了一定的影响。经过2000年达标排放工作，大部分农垦橡胶加工厂废水己得到治理，取得了良好成效，但是2001年对农垦33家胶厂的监测结果表明，一些存在的问题仍应引起有关领导和厂家的注意。1　西双版纳农垦橡胶加工厂基本情况西双版纳农垦橡胶加工厂自60年代陆续建立以来，经历了由烟胶片厂到…