早期断奶羔羊饲喂代乳料对其生长发育和血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究不同配方代乳料对早期断奶羔羊生长发育和血清生化指标的影响.选取体重接近的30日龄杂交羔羊36只,随机分为3组,每组羔羊12只(公、母各半).对照组为自然哺乳,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组分别饲喂代乳料A、B.试验期60 d,其中预试期5d,正式试验期55 d.结果 显示,试验组羔羊采食量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)...     

强制断奶饲喂代乳料对滩羊羔生长发育的影响

滩羊羔分别于20、40、90日龄强制断奶对饲喂代乳料,结果表明：20日龄断奶对成活率无明显影响（P＞0．05）,但增重显著低于同龄未断奶（P＜0．01）和40日龄后断奶羔羊（P＜0．05）;4日龄断奶,成活率和增重均无明显影响（P＞0．05）。证明,滩羊羔40日龄断奶其生长发育不受影响,还可以使母羊提前100d结束泌乳进入下一繁殖周期,从而缩短肥羔生产周期,提高肥羔和二毛裘皮产量。     

代乳料原料组成对早期断奶羔羊生长及脏器发育的影响

为了探讨代乳料原料的不同组合效应对早期断奶羔羊的饲喂效果,选取25只甘肃高山细毛羔羊,分为5组,每组5只,对照组羔羊由母羊自由哺乳和放牧;试验组羔羊30日龄断奶,饲喂4种代乳料:A组主原料未膨化,B组主原料膨化,C组主原料膨化+血浆蛋白粉,D组在C组基础上增加乳清粉。试验期为30~90日龄。结果表明:50、70日龄时,对照组羔羊体质量最大,试验组羔羊受断奶应激的影响,相应指标较小。90日龄时,D组体质量显著高于B、C组(P0.05),超过了对照组。30~90日龄阶段,D组日增体质量最大,且显著高于B、C组(P0.05)。对照组脾脏质量显著高于4个试验组(P0.05),且脾脏指数最高。说明在代乳料中添加血浆蛋白粉及增加乳清粉,有利于羔羊健康发育,使代乳料的饲喂效果最佳。     

不同断奶时间及代乳料对放牧羔羊生长的影响

试验设计3个不同断奶时间(30 d,45 d,60 d)和3个不同营养水平的代乳料,研究这两个因素对放牧条件下甘肃高山细毛羊羔羊生长性能的影响。结果表明:在45 d断奶时,饲喂代乳料Ⅲ的羔羊在60 d时体重比对照组高4.35 kg,差异极显著(P<0.01),该组平均每只羔羊比对照组的经济效益高27.58元;60 d断奶时,饲喂代乳料Ⅲ的羔羊在75 d时体重比对照组高5.26 kg,差异极显著(P<0.01),该组平均每只羔羊的经济效益比对照组高29.51元。     

代乳料对放牧犊牦牛生长发育及生化指标的影响

通过研究不同营养水平的代乳料对犊牦牛生长发育及生理指标的影响,以研制出适合于犊牦牛正常生长发育的代乳粉产品。对青海省大通种牛场犊牦牛进行自制的代乳料饲喂试验。18头犊牦牛2月龄后被分成3组(MR1、MR2和MR3组),断母乳饲喂液态代乳料,6头犊牦牛作为对照组(CK组)随母牛哺乳放牧,6月龄屠宰采样时MR1组平均体质量增重率最高,为155%;CK组犊牦牛血清总蛋白显著低于饲喂代乳料的3组,与MR2和MR3组相比差异极显著,而MR1、MR2和MR3组间差异不显著。4组犊牦牛球蛋白含量和白蛋白与球蛋白含量比值的数据显示,CK组与其他3组差异极显著。4组尿素氮与胆固醇水平差异不显著,MR1组尿素氮平均值略高于其他各组,而CK组血清胆固醇水平相比最高。     

甘肃马鹿乳营养成分分析

分析测定了12头甘肃马鹿10～35d泌乳期内乳样的pH值、常规营养成分及矿物元素含量。结果表明,马鹿乳富含营养物质,其干物质、蛋白质、灰分、钙、磷等含量均很高,乳中含有18.64%干物质,8.07%蛋白质,4.73%脂肪,4.39%乳糖,1.52%灰分,0.37%钙,0.20%磷,0.12%钾,0.06%钠和0.02%镁。马鹿乳成分的测定将为人工代乳料的研制提供理论依据。     

甘肃马鹿乳营养成分分析

分析测定了12头甘肃马鹿10～35d泌乳期内乳样的pH值、常规营养成分及矿物元素含量。结果表明,马鹿乳富含营养物质,其干物质、蛋白质、灰分、钙、磷等含量均很高,乳中含有18.64%干物质,8.07%蛋白质,4.73%脂肪,4.39%乳糖,1.52%灰分,0.37%钙,0.20%磷,0.12%钾,0.06%钠和0.02%镁。马鹿乳成分的测定将为人工代乳料的研制提供理论依据。     

代乳料对羔羊增重的对比试验

为了解代乳料对早期断奶羔羊的饲喂效果,选择8群青海毛肉兼用细毛羊,分为8组(对照组4组,试验组4组),每组180只,其中对照组羔羊由母羊自由哺乳和放牧,试验组羔羊由母羊自由哺乳+补喂代乳料和放牧。结果表明,通过饲喂代乳料,基本可以解决在枯草季节,牧草中蛋白质减少时羊群生长发育缓慢的现象。     

羔羊早期断奶研究进展

目前,国内外对犊牛和仔猪的早期断奶及代乳料(MilkReplacer)和开食料(CalfStarter)的研究较多,相比之下,对羔羊的早期断奶及补饲效果,报道甚少。在我国,从20世纪60年代开始曾先后开展了犊牛早期断奶的试验研究并取得了一定的成绩。而对于羔羊的现代化、集约化的生产,要求全进全出,即羔羊进入育肥圈时的体重大致相似,若差异较大不便管理,影响育肥效果。因此,除采取同期发情,诱导产羔外,早期断奶是高效养羊业的一项重要技术措施之一。1实施羔羊早期断奶的必要性当前,我国各省市养羊业多采用常规养羊法,即:母乳喂养,3～4月龄断奶。该体制主要…     

马鹿幼龄时期提早饲喂代乳饲料对其生长发育的影响

马鹿的幼龄仔鹿在哺乳期饲喂代乳饲料 ,对其生长发育的影响较为明显 ,体重高于同龄未饲喂代乳饲料的幼龄仔鹿差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1)。出生日龄越小 ,对代乳饲料的适应性越好 ,可增加仔鹿生长发育所需的营养贮存 ,增强防寒抗病能力 ,有利于无母鹿护爱的孤独幼龄仔鹿安全渡过第一个严寒冬天。而且对早期培育仔鹿提高育成鹿的生产性能打下良好基础。     

延边黄牛犊牛代乳料饲喂效果的研究

选择16头初生重相近的延边黄牛犊牛随机分成4组,每组4头,对照组犊牛随母哺乳,试验组采用随母哺乳加补饲,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别补饲1、2、3号代乳料,进行增重效果和血液指标的比较。试验结果表明:各试验组的4月龄重、全期增重和日增重均高于对照组,其中试验Ⅲ组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);体尺指标测定中,试验Ⅲ组的体长显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组的腰角宽显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各组血液指标均在正常范围之内。综合评定,3号代乳料饲喂效果最好。     

代乳粉在犊牛早期断奶技术中应用的试验研究

22头体重相近的荷斯坦犊牛随机分为2组,试验组饲喂代乳料,对照组饲喂新鲜牛奶。经60d的饲喂试验发现,试验组增重比对照组多5.3kg/头,且差异极显著(P<0.01),日增重比对照组提高了88.3g/d,差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

复合酸度调控剂对犊牛生长性能、血气指标的影响

探讨代乳粉中添加复合酸度调控剂对0～3月龄犊牛生长性能、血气指标的影响。试验分为对照组和试验组,分别饲喂乳液pH值为6.2和5.0的代乳粉。每个处理6头犊牛,分别在试验开始后的0、14、28、42、56d测定每头犊牛的体重、体尺,每日记录每头犊牛代乳粉和开食料供料量和剩料量,观察每头犊牛的粪便形态和评分,并分别在0、14、42d采血测定血气指标。试验数据显示:与对照组相比,试验组犊牛各阶段的平均日增重有所提高,其中0～14、14～28、28～42、42～56d分别提高了5.6%、45.9%(P<0.05)、11.9%、5.8%;试验全期两组间平均日采食量、饲料转化率差异皆不显著(P>0.05);全期腹泻率试验组比对照组降低了13.9%,但差异不显著(P>0.05);28d体长指数试验组低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验开始(0d)和饲喂42d时各组间犊牛血气指标皆无差异(P>0.05);饲喂14d时试验组血液的pH值(P<0.05)、氧饱和度(P<0.05)、氧气分压、实际剩余碱储、标准碳酸氢盐浓度皆高于对照组,而二氧化碳分压显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明,在代乳粉中添加复合酸度调控剂后28d前对犊牛产生了一定作用,可提高14～28d阶段犊牛日增重,降低28d体长指数,并有降低腹泻率的趋势;犊牛血液的pH值、SO2升高而PCO2降低。     

Effects at early stage of life of elevated milk replacer feeding on growth rate,plasma IGF‐I concentration and intestinal nutrient transporter expression in Holstein bull calves

In order to evaluate the effects of an elevated amount of modified milk replacer on body weight, daily gain, starter intake, plasma endocrine parameters and expression of nutrient transporters in small intestinal epithelia, Holstein bull calves (n = 24) were fed for 60 days either with the usual amount of 24% crude protein (CP) and 20% fat milk (CF) replacer (C group), or with a double amount of a modified milk replacer of 28% CP and 16% CF (E group). Body weight from D20 to D60 and daily gain before D40 was greater or tended to be greater for the E group than the C group. Plasma concentrations of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐I) and insulin were greater for the E group than the C group on D28 but not on D56, without changing plasma growth hormone levels. Gene expression for sodium‐dependent glucose transporter 1 and fatty acid translocase (CD36) was altered in day‐ and intestine‐dependent manners. From these findings, we conclude that an elevated intake of milk replacer given up to 40 days old is sufficient to enhance body weight, which may be associated with increased plasma IGF‐I concentrations, in Holstein bulls.     

Effects of butyrate supplementation in antibiotic‐free milk replacer and starter on growth performance in suckling calves

The aim of this study was to evaluate butyrate supplementation of antibiotic‐free milk replacer and starter on growth performance in male Holstein calves. Twenty‐nine calves were divided into two groups. Group C (n = 13) was fed antibiotic‐free milk replacer without supplementation, and Group B (n = 16) was fed antibiotic‐free milk replacer supplemented with butyrate (1.6 % DM of Gustor BP70^®). Starter in Group B contained 0.3 % DM of Gustor BP70^®. The intake of milk replacer was lower in group B than in C (p = 0.07 for the treatment x week interaction). Body weight (BW) and heart girth (HG) in group B was higher than in C during the experimental period (p = 0.07 and 0.01 for the treatment × week interaction, respectively). The duration of the weaning period in group B was shorter than in group C (p = 0.02). β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) was higher in group B than in C (p = 0.04). Insulin like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) concentrations tended to be higher in group B than in C (p = 0.07 for treatment × week interaction). Our results show that butyrate supplementation in antibiotic‐free milk replacer and starter exerted positive effects on growth performance in suckling calves.     

代乳粉用于早期断奶犊牛的效果研究

犊牛使用代乳品可以节省鲜奶，降低饲养成本，控制疾病的发生，促进消化系统的发育。试验用24头犊牛做试验，60日龄断奶。结果表明，代乳品组犊牛增重47．55千克；对照组增重41．72千克；吃代乳品的犊牛在30-60日龄的日增重达到1026克，高于对照组103克。吃代乳品的犊牛每增重1千克的直接饲料成本为15．13元，比鲜奶组犊牛低2．14元／千克。     

代乳品中不同赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸水平对犊牛生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究代乳品中添加不同含量的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸对犊牛生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选取18头新生荷斯坦犊牛进行8周饲养试验,按照体重和出生时间相近原则分为3组,分别饲喂低、中、高3种不同赖、蛋、苏氨酸水平的代乳品(A、B、C组)。结果表明:(1)代乳品中高赖、蛋、苏含量可以显著降低犊牛饲料转化率(P<0.05),但对全期代乳粉、开食料、羊草的总采食量以及体重和体尺指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。(2)不同处理组犊牛的血清白蛋白含量为C组最高,A组最低(P<0.05),且白蛋白含量随着日粮中赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸含量的增加呈现显著上升(P=0.0747)。(3)除白蛋白外,本试验中其他各项血清代谢指标均不受日粮赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸含量的影响(P>0.05),但受周龄的影响显著。结果提示:高氨基酸含量组更有利于犊牛的生长发育。     

Effects of feeding level of milk replacer on body growth,plasma metabolite and insulin concentrations,and visceral organ growth of suckling calves

The objective was to evaluate effects of feeding level of milk replacer on body growth, plasma metabolite and insulin concentrations, and allometric growth of visceral organs in suckling calves. Holstein bull calves (n = 8; 3–4 days of age) were fed either a low amount (average 0.63 kgDM/day, LM) or high amount (average 1.15 kgDM/day, HM) of high protein milk replacer until they were slaughtered at 6 weeks of age. Body weight (BW) at 4, 5, and 6 weeks of age, feed intake, average daily gain, and feed efficiency were higher in the HM than LM calves. The HM group had higher plasma glucose at 3 and 4 weeks of age and insulin levels after the age of 4 weeks compared with LM calves whereas no effect was detected on plasma nonesterified fatty acid or urea nitrogen concentrations. The HM calves had greater empty body weight (EBW), viscera‐free BW and most of the organs dissected than LM calves. Relative weights (% of EBW) of liver, spleen, kidneys, and internal fat were higher, whereas head and large intestine was lower in HM than LM calves. The results suggest that increased milk feeding levels would accelerate the growth of the body and specific organs.     

Effects of wheat protein in milk replacers on abomasal emptying rate in calves

Diarrhoea is a condition with tremendous impact on calf health. Infectious agents play a dominant role; however, non‐infective factors may also contribute to pathogenesis of diarrhoea. One factor, the abomasal emptying rate, is mainly influenced by the composition of feed. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of different protein sources in milk replacers on abomasal emptying rate and clinical parameters. The effect of increasing age of the calves on abomasal emptying was also evaluated. The study compared abomasal emptying rates and clinical parameters in calves, which were fed either milk replacer containing only whey protein or one which partially contained wheat protein. Abomasal emptying rate was estimated by ultrasonography. Ten calves were used in the study over 18 days, and each calf was fed 3 periods of 3 days length using different milk replacers in an alternating crossover design. The abomasum was emptied significantly faster when the wheat protein containing milk replacer was fed (half‐emptying time wheat protein 49.1 ± 4.1 min, half‐emptying time milk protein 59.1 ± 7.4 min); however, clinical parameters and weight gain did not differ between the feeding regimes. Age did not significantly influence abomasal emptying rate. As milk replacers containing wheat proteins increased abomasal emptying rate, they may have a higher potential to initiate diarrhoea, especially if high volumes are fed. Thus, the feeding regimes are likely to be even more important when such milk replacers are used.