紫苏籽提取物对杜长大猪屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究生猪肥育期饲粮中添加紫苏籽提取物对猪屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。试验采用单因子试验设计,选取160头平均体重相近的杜长大肥育猪,随机分为2组,每组8个重复,每个重复10头猪。肥育猪基础饲粮为玉米-豆粕型,粉料。对照组饲喂肥育猪基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+200 mg/kg紫苏籽提取物,试验猪进行限饲喂养。预试期7 d,试验期56 d。饲养试验结束后每组选16头猪(公母各半)进行屠宰测定。试验结果显示,屠宰性能方面,屠宰率,两组差异不显著(P0.05);瘦肉率和眼肌面积都以试验组最高,分别显著提高5.91%(P0.05)和4.02%(P0.05);背膘厚,以试验组最低,与对照组相比显著降低9.97%(P0.05)。肉品质指标方面,大理石纹评分、p H、粗蛋白质含量3个肉质指标两组差异不显著(P0.05);肉色评分、肌内脂肪含量和肌苷酸含量3个肉质指标都以试验组最高,与对照组相比分别显著提高13.70%(P0.05)、13.5%(P0.05)和10.03%(P0.05);滴水损失以试验组最低,与对照组相比极显著降低19.08%(P0.01)。试验表明肥育猪饲喂200 mg/kg紫苏籽提取物显著提高瘦肉率和眼肌面积,显著降低背膘厚;肉品质方面,紫苏籽提取物显著提高了肉色评分、肌内脂肪含量和肌苷酸含量,极显著降低了滴水损失。综合考察肥育猪屠宰性能和肉品质相关指标表明,肥育猪饲粮中添加200 mg/kg紫苏籽提取物改善屠宰性能和肉品质的效果较为明显。     

植物提取物对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、猪肉品质及抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究植物提取物对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质及猪肉抗氧化能力的影响。选用20头体重相近[(83.75±5.83 kg)]的PIC猪,随机分为对照组(基础日粮)和试验组(基础日粮中额外添加0.04%植物提取物),每个处理5个重复,每个重复2头猪。结果表明,两组间育肥猪采食量、日增重、料肉比和胴体性状差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组肉色a*45min值显著提高(P<0.05),L*96 h值极显著降低(P<0.01);4℃下储存0、3 d和7 d猪肉,试验组肉样中丙二醛(MDA)的含量显著降低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著提高(P<0.05)。因此,饲粮中添加植物提取物有利于储存中猪肉品质的改善。     

薄荷提取物对肥育猪生产性能和生化指标的影响

研究日粮中添加薄荷提取物对肥育猪采食量、体型及血液生化指标的影响。试验采用单因子设计,选取体重70 kg左右的杜大长三元杂交猪270头,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复18头。每组在基础日粮上分别添加薄荷提取物0 mg/kg、6.25 mg/kg、12.5mg/kg、25 mg/kg5、0 mg/kg。结果表明,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组添加薄荷提取物显著地减少肥育猪的平均日采食量(P<0.01),分别比对照组下降11.96%(P<0.01)、15.03%(P<0.01)和9%(P<0.01)。除试验I组外,其它三组的体型评分均优于对照组,且分别比对照组提高11.49%(P<0.01)、14.28%(P<0.01)和3.18%(P<0.05)。各试验组血清生化指标均与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

薄荷提取物对肥育猪生产性能和生化指标的影响

研究日粮中添加薄荷提取物对肥育猪采食量、体型及血液生化指标的影响.试验采用单因子设计,选取体重70 kg左右的杜大长三元杂交猪270头,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复18头.每组在基础日粮上分别添加薄荷提取物0 mg/kg、6.25 mg/kg、12.5 mg/kg、25 mg/kg、50 mg/kg.结果表明,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组添加薄荷提取物显著地减少肥育猪的平均日采食量(P<0.01),分别比对照组下降11.96%(P<0.01) 、15.03%(P<0.01)和9%(P<0.01).除试验I组外,其它三组的体型评分均优于对照组,且分别比对照组提高11.49%(P<0.01)、14.28%(P<0.01)和3.18%(P<0.05).各试验组血清生化指标均与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05) .     

五味子提取物对肥育猪抗氧化功能及肉质的影响

试验选用48头健康的、平均体重(60.8±1.4)kg的二元杂交猪(大白×长白)随机分为2组,每组设6个重复,每重复4头。研究日粮中添加五味子提取物(Schisandra chinensis extract,SCE)对肥育猪抗氧化功能及肉质的影响。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组日粮为基础日粮中添加0.125%五味子提取物。试验结果表明:①日粮中添加0.125%SCE显著提高肥育猪血清及组织中SOD、GR活性,降低血清及组织中MDA含量(P<0.05);②SCE可显著降低背最长肌在4℃贮存12、24和48 h脂质过氧化物含量(P<0.05);③SCE可显著降低肥育猪背最长肌的滴水损失和提高肌肉中总色素含量(P<0.05)。由本试验结果可见,SCE能通过提高肥育猪机体抗氧化功能,提高其脂质稳定性,从而改善部分猪肉品质。     

复合肉质改良剂对肥育猪生产性能和肉质的影响研究

选用70 kg左右健康无病的杜长大三元杂交育肥猪32头,随机分到2个组中,每组4个重复,每个重复4头。对照组饲喂常规日粮,试验组在对照组日粮基础上添加450 mg/kg复合肉质改良剂,研究复合肉质改良剂对肥育猪生产性能、肉质的影响。生长试验从70 kg左右开始,100 kg左右结束,测定猪只的生产性能;试验结束时从每个重复中选1头体重接近100 kg的猪只进行屠宰,测定猪只的胴体、肉质指标。试验结果:试验组与对照组猪只的日增重、日采食量以及料重比均未达到显著差异(P>0.05),但试验组较对照组的饲料利用效率提高了5.50%;日粮中添加复合肉质改良剂显著降低猪肉滴水损失、失水率(P<0.05),分别较对照组低11.19和2.06个百分点,其余胴体品质和肉质指标也不同程度地提高。结果表明,肥育猪日粮添加由茶多酚、牛至油组成的复合肉质改良剂不仅具有提高肥育猪饲料利用效率的趋势,而且可改善猪肉胴体品质和肉质。     

吡啶甲酸铬对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响

选取日龄和体重相似的60头杜长大三元猪,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组30头,组内设3个重复,每重复10头试验猪.对照组仅饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加300μg/kg(以铬计)的吡啶甲酸铬,预试期7 d,试验期60 d.试验结果表明:在育肥猪日粮中添加300μg/kg(以铬计)的吡啶甲酸铬,可使育肥猪日增重提高5.04%(P<0.05),料肉比降低4.01%(P>0.05);同时可以使屠宰率和贮存2 d的肌总色素两指标分别提高0.91%和0.24%;吡啶甲酸铬可显著提高胴体瘦肉率4.92%(P<0.05)和眼肌面积5.32cm<'2>(P<0.05),同时显著降低背膘厚0.35cm(P<0.05).吡啶甲酸铬能显著提高育肥猪的日增重并明显降低料肉比,改善育肥猪的胴体品质,因此在育肥猪日粮中添加吡啶甲酸铬具有重要的现实意义.     

杜仲提取物对猪胴体品质及肌肉氨基酸含量的影响

本试验旨在探索杜仲提取物(EUOE)对猪生长性能、胴体品质及肌肉氨基酸含量的影响。试验选用胎次相同、体重相近的42日龄杜×长×大三元杂交猪300头,平均初始重为(9.96±0.05)kg,随机分成5个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10头猪。试验分成3个阶段,阶段Ⅰ:9.96～20kg;阶段Ⅱ:20～60kg;阶段Ⅲ:60～90kg。试验日粮分别在基础日粮中添加杜仲提取物0,1500,2000和2500mg/kg或黄霉素12mg/kg(阶段Ⅰ)或8mg/kg(阶段Ⅱ和Ⅲ)。结果表明,1500mg/kg杜仲提取物显著降低阶段Ⅰ和Ⅱ日均腹泻评分(P<0.05),显著提高了阶段Ⅱ猪群日均增重(P<0.05),降低了阶段Ⅱ和Ⅲ料重比(P<0.05)。杜仲提取物(除2000mg/kg)和黄霉素组均能显著提高试验全期日增重(P<0.05),而杜仲提取物与黄霉素间不存在显著差异(P<0.05),动物日均采食量存在增加趋势(0.050.05);而黄霉素的添加显著降低了肌肉肌内脂肪含量(P<0.05)。黄霉素和杜仲提取物组均能不同程度地降低胴体皮厚(0.05相似文献   

饲粮中添加绿狐尾藻对肥育猪生长性能、血清生化指标和胴体品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加绿狐尾藻对肥育猪生长性能、血清生化指标和胴体品质的影响。采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选用40头初始体重为(55.20±2.18)kg的健康"杜×长×大"三元杂交猪,随机分为4个组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头猪。Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组饲粮在基础饲粮中分别添加5%、10%和15%绿狐尾藻,试验期60 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肥育猪的终末体重、平均日增重和料重比均无显著差异(P0.05);Ⅳ组的终末体重和平均日增重显著降低(P0.05),料重比显著增加(P0.05)。2)各组肥育猪的血清总蛋白、尿素氮、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白含量和谷草转氨酶活性均无显著差异(P0.05);与对照组相比,Ⅲ组的血清谷丙转氨酶活性和Ⅳ组的血清白蛋白含量显著降低(P0.05)。3)各组肥育猪的胴体率、瘦肉率、屠宰率、胴体斜长、肉色、剪切力和大理石纹评分均无显著差异(P0.05);与对照组相比,Ⅲ和Ⅳ组的平均背膘厚和Ⅳ组的眼肌面积显著降低(P0.05),Ⅲ组的滴水损失有降低趋势(P0.05),Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的p H45 m in、p H24 h有增加趋势(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加10%绿狐尾藻对肥育猪的生长性能无显著影响,可改善血清生化指标,降低平均背膘厚,减缓肌肉p H下降速度,降低滴水损失,改善猪肉品质。     

甜菜碱对育肥猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质的影响

试验选用体重70 kg左右、日龄相近、体质良好的杜长大三元杂交猪45头,采用单因子随机设计,分为对照组、试验1、2、3、4组,每组3个重复,分别饲喂添加0、500、1000、1500、2000 mg/kg甜菜碱的日粮,试验期30 d,研究甜菜碱对肥育猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验2、3、4组日均采食量、日增重、屠宰率、瘦肉率、肉色评分、大理石评分显著提高(P<0.05),背膘厚度显著降低(P<0.05),试验1组各项指标有所改善,但效果不显著(P>0.05),本试验表明,饲料中添加甜菜碱可提高育肥猪生长性能,改善胴体品质和肉品质,其中添加1500、2000 mg/kg的甜菜碱效果较为理想。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -