我国主要林业外来有害生物种类简述(Ⅰ)

介绍了我国近年来从国(境)外传入的主要林业外来有害生物种类，并简要描述其发生危害情况，为今后有效防控外来有害生物提供参考。     

富宁县林业有害生物普查及成果分析

2014—2016年,富宁县组织力量对全县林业有害生物种类、分布、危害和寄主情况等进行了全面普查。结果表明,富宁县主要林业有害生物有27种,其中外来林业有害生物4种(省外传入2,国外传入2),本土林业有害生物23种;按类型分:虫害10种,病害14种,有害植物3种;发生面积2 082.2 hm~2。提出加强组织领导、层层落实责任,加强森林病虫害防治力量、强化检疫监管,林业产业发展注重树种选择和营造混交林等防治建议。     

来宾市林业有害生物现状与治理对策

我国是外来林业有害生物入侵并造成严重危害的国家之一,随着国际贸易的日趋频繁,入侵我国的外来有害生物不断增加.初步查明,包括微生物、植物、动物在内的外来入侵生物种类已达283种,每年造成的经济损失多达560亿元以上.科学防范,努力实现林业有害生物的可持续控制,有效保护森林资源,是林业建设的一项长期而艰巨的战略任务.随着退耕还林工程、天然林资源保护工程、绿化通道建设工程和村镇绿化工程的全面实施,来宾市造林绿化进程明显加快,但林业有害生物发生危害的形势越来越严峻,防治任务越来越重,防治难度越来越大.因此,尽快建立全市林业有害生物的种类、分布情况及危害状况数据库,对防范外来林业有害生物的入侵,治理本地林业有害生物,有着重要意义.本文结合来宾市林业有害生物普查工作,在实地调查全市有害生物种类和危害情况的基础上,分析成害原因,提出来宾市治理林业有害生物的对策.     

同朔地区林业有害生物危害现状及对策

林业有害生物的危害已成为林业生产不可忽视的严峻形势。林业有害生物的入侵和发展是一个全球性问题,防范外来林业有害生物入侵已经成为世界各国的共识。新中国成立以来,先后有美国白蛾、日本松斑干蚧、红脂大小蠹等重要的林业有害生物传入我国,给森林生态系统造成极大的破坏。     

海南林业外来有害生物入侵现状及防控对策

介绍入侵海南林业外来有害生物的主要种类及危害状况,阐述外来有害生物入侵的途径,分析外来有害生物入侵的原因,并提出防控外来有害生物入侵的措施。     

广西灵川县林业有害生物调查及防治

采取地面人工调查为主,诱虫灯和引诱剂相结合的方法,对广西灵川县主要林业有害生物种类、分布、危害及其灾害风险进行了调查,以期为科学防控林业有害生物奠定基础。调查发现广西灵川县林业有害生物种类为116种,对林木造成危害的林业有害生物新种类18种,全国林业检疫性有害生物1种,外来危险性有害生物2种,灵川县林业本土危险性有害生物12种。     

德宏州林业有害生物现状及治理对策

结合德宏州林业外来有害生物普查工作,在实地调查全州有害生物种类和危害情况的基础上,通过分析德宏州危害比较严重的林业有害生物的成害原因,结合德宏州林业工作的实际,提出治理对策,为全州防范外来有害生物提供科学的参考。     

防范外来林业有害生物入侵和危害的策略思考

外来林业有害生物入侵已成为是一个全球性问题。本文记述了我国外来林业有害生物主要种类、传播危害、巨大经济损失和森林生态灾害。从策略角度分析,提出对我国外来林业有害生物入侵、传播和危害采取风险分析、检疫管理、早期监测、完善信息和制定法规等方面进行了思考。     

甘肃省部分外来林业有害生物发生现状及防治对策

结合甘肃省林业有害生物普查工作,在调查统计全省外来林业有害生物种类和危害情况的基础上,阐述了甘肃省部分(10种)外来林业有害生物发生现状及传播途径,分析了发生原因,并提出了防治对策.     

对建立豫北林业有害生物天敌繁育基地可行性的探讨

在豫北地区建立一座林业有害生物天敌繁育基地,实施人工繁育,释放天敌昆虫进行生物防治,可有效地控制林业有害生物和多种农业害虫的危害,预防外来林业有害生物传入,保护林业资源和生态环境。通过对建立林业有害生物天敌繁育基地的充分探讨和论证,认为该项目的实施是非常必要和可行的。     

北京地区古树资源外来有害生物入侵状况的分析与研究

根据当前我国林业外来有害生物入侵形势,结合北京市门头沟区古树资源情况和林业有害生物发生实际,对门头沟区古树立地条件、生理条件以及有害生物入侵趋势进行了分析研究。同时,提出了保护古树的复壮措施和防范外来有害生物入侵的方法,从而为有效保护古树资源提供了理论和实践依据。     

怀化外来林业有害生物调查分析

指出了外来林业有害生物现已严重破坏了我国森林生态系统和生物多样性,给林业造成了较大的经济损失。从怀化已发现的25种外来林业有害生物着手,对其生态特征及危害进行了调查分析。     

Management Strategies and Research Orientations of Forest Diseases and Pests in China

Forest diseases and pests are perceived as a growing hazard to China economy. It is a common conclusion that the actualities of forest pests in china are no effective measures to the old important pests, some secondary pests are ascending to chief pests, increasing devastation from exotic pests, frequent ecological pest eruption induced by environmental detriment and host-leading diseases to threaten the "Western Development Project "in China, which is the most important economical strategy to China; that inducement of current forest pests results from ecological function loss and dangerous exoticpest intruding, On the basis of these cognitions, we suggest that strategies of management pests to natural forest would be stressed to maintain its innate capacities to adjust pests in virgin forest and resume such function in intermpted one, that to artificial forest would establish self-control in afforestated stands and develop resistant tree varieties and species, especially those in landscape trees. In re     

哨兵树预警潜在外来林业有害生物研究进展

外来林业有害生物在全球范围内严重发生,难以早期预防。近年来,多国开展了哨兵树的研究以提前了解和预警潜在的林业有害生物,取得了一定进展。哨兵树是指在高风险地区被用于调查与监测有害生物的发生从而提供预警信息的一类树木。哨兵树研究主要是通过植物园现有的引种树木和人为引种种植树木2种方式开展。根据研究目的与方法,哨兵树研究可分为国外种植哨兵树、哨兵树苗圃和哨兵植物园。哨兵树代表性的研究有欧洲在全球高风险地区种植欧洲树种与进口树种、新西兰监测全球海外植物园引种的新西兰树木和国际植物园保护联盟成立的国际植物哨兵网络。文中介绍哨兵树的概念,总结其研究现状,展望研究前景,以期为构建我国外来林业有害生物的早期预防与预警体系提供参考。     

四川阿坝辐射松引种长期森林健康风险初步评估

Pinus radiata was introduced to the summer rainfall environments of Sichuan Province, China in the 1990s as a part of an afforestation pmgram for soil and water conservation in the arid and semi-arid river valley area of Aba Prefecture. Within this region a total area of 26 000 ha have been identified through climate matching as suitable and a further 63 000 ha potentially suitable for environmental plantings of P. radiata. The plantations are being established in widely separated small patches on steep and degraded slopes along the dry river valley The newly introduced P. radiata are exposed to two kinds of forest health risks： they may be attacked by （a） indigenous pathogens and pests against which they may not possess any resistance or （b） by inadvertently introduced foreign pests or pathogens. This paper presents a survey of the potential damaging pests and a preliminary assessment of forest health risks facing the P. radiata plantations over a much longer timeframe than the initial phase of introduction and early plantation establishment. An empirical appmach was adopted to evaluate forest health risks by a combination of literature review, examination of historical records of pest and disease outbreaks in the surrounding conifemus forests, field surveys and inspections, specimen collection and identification, and most importantly, expert analysis of the likelihood of attack by specific pests and pathogens and the subsequent impact of such attacks. The assessment identified some specific forest health risks to the long-term success of P. radiata introduction in this area. These risks are closely associated with the indigenous pests and pathogens of the two native pine species, P. tabulaeformis and P. armondii since these pests and pathogens are considered more likely to establish on P. radiata over time. Exotic pests and pathogens are of a quarantine concern at present. Based on the results of assessment, recommendations are pmvided to improve forest vigour and to reduce the forest health risks pos     

Ecological consequences of an exotic fungal disease in eastern U.S. hardwood forests

Exotic pests and pathogens can cause extensive mortality of native species resulting in cascading effects within an ecosystem. As ecosystems lose species to exotic enemies, ecosystem function may be disrupted if the ecological roles are not filled by the remaining species. To illustrate this concept, this paper examines the impacts of an exotic fungus (Discula dectructiva) on flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), historically a common understory tree species in eastern U.S. hardwood forests. Recent studies indicate that dogwood plays an important role in the health and ecological integrity of forest ecosystems throughout the eastern U.S. by increasing the availability of calcium in the biota-rich surface horizons of forest soils. However, Discula destructiva causes a disease, dogwood anthracnose, which can rapidly kill dogwood trees. This paper also illustrates how past fire has increased dogwood density and improved tree health in areas infected with anthracnose, suggesting that prescribed fire may offer a tool for land managers to maintain dogwood as a component in eastern U.S. hardwood forests by shifting the “ideal” disturbance regime of this previously fire-intolerant species.     

吉林省林业有害生物发生现状及防治对策

本文简要介绍了目前吉林省林业有害生物的发生状况,分析了防治林业有害生物面临的主要问题,并提出了控制吉林省林业有害生物的主要对策。     

用材林害虫管理经济阈值模式的研究

森林害虫是用材林的大敌。在森林害虫科学管理决策专家系统中 ,害虫危害的经济阈值是最重要的判别依据。该文通过大量的调查 ,系统的研究和实际检测 ,确定了食叶害虫种群控制、蛀干害虫种群控制和树干韧皮部害虫营林防治经济阈值模式     

"3S"集成技术在林业中的应用现状及发展趋势

简要介绍了"3S"的概念及特点,从森林资源调查、森林资源动态监测、森林资源经营管理、病虫害监测及防治、森林防火、林业专题图的绘制、野生动物资源调查、植被分类调查、森林资源档案管理以及在林业生态工程中的应用等10个方面分析了"3S"技术在林业中的应用现状,并对"3S"技术的发展趋势作了展望.