基于帧间深度特征差分的大西洋鲑鱼群活跃度分类模型

鱼群活跃度是鱼类健康福利养殖的特征性指标之一,实现鱼群活跃度细粒度分类有利于更精细地描述鱼群健康状况、评估鱼群福利水平。基于工厂化循环水养殖系统,本文建立了水下大西洋鲑鱼群活跃度细粒度分类视频数据集,并提出一种基于帧间深度特征差分的鱼群活跃度分类模型,通过引入残差连接的小型卷积神经网络提取视频帧的特征,进而在相邻帧之间做差分运算和平方运算得到视频帧间特征,最后将其输入基于外部注意力机制的分类网络IFDNet中得到视频类别。试验结果表明,本文提出的CNN-IFDNet模型分类准确率达到97.72%,F1值达到97.42%,以较低的计算复杂度实现了对水下视频鱼群活跃度的三分类。相较于实验室环境,基于真实养殖环境对鱼群活跃度所展开的算法研究实际应用性更强,可以为精细化描述鱼群的活跃度、实现智能监测鱼类健康状况提供参考,帮助养殖人员发现并排除导致鱼群活跃度异常的水质环境、病害等因素。     

基于ResNet-CA的鱼群饱腹程度识别方法

投喂作为水产养殖过程中的一个关键环节,饵料的投喂量直接影响水产品的质量和养殖成本。然而,目前的投喂方法包括人工投喂和机器定时定量投喂,大多依靠人工经验,很难实现精准投喂。本文基于改进的ResNet34识别鱼群不同的饱腹程度。根据鱼群在不同饱腹阶段表现的摄食行为创建了含有5种不同饱腹程度的数据集,并采用数据增强操作对图像进行预处理。其次在原始模型ResNet34的基础上,本文提出使用坐标注意力机制,使模型在对图像进行特征提取的过程中能够做到专注于更大区域范围。并且使用深度可分离卷积的方式来代替传统卷积,减少模型参数量。为了评估改进的有效性,分析了改进后的模型在鱼群饱腹程度数据集上的性能,并将其与原模型ResNet34、AlexNet、VGG16、MobileNet-v2、GoogLeNet等经典卷积神经网络架构进行比较。综合实验结果表明,该模型相较于原模型参数量减少46.7%,准确率达到93.4%,相较于原模型提升3.4个百分点,同时改进后的模型在准确率、精确度、召回率等方面也都优于其他卷积神经网络。综上所述,本模型实现了性能与参数量之间的良好平衡,为后续模型在实际养殖环境中的部署并指导养殖户改善和制定投喂策略提供了可能。     

基于迁移学习的多尺度特征融合牦牛脸部识别算法

牦牛个体身份标识是实现个体建档、行为监测、精准饲喂、疫病防控及食品溯源的前提。针对智慧畜牧智能化、信息化等养殖平台中动物个体识别技术应用需求，本研究提出一种基于迁移学习的多尺度特征融合牦牛脸部识别算法（Transfer Learning-Multiscale Feature Fusion-VGG， T-M-VGG）。以预训练的视觉几何组网络（Visual Geometry Group Network，VGG）为骨干网络构建基于迁移学习的卷积神经网络模型，获取其Block3、Block4、Block5输出的特征图，分别用F3、F4、F5表示，将F3和F5经过三个不同膨胀系数的空洞卷积组成的并行空洞卷积模块增大感受野后，送入改进的特征金字塔进行多尺度特征融合；最后利用全局平均池化代替全连接层分类输出。试验结果表明，本研究提出的T-M-VGG算法在194头牦牛的38,800张数据集中识别准确率达到96.01%，模型大小为70.75 MB。随机选取12张不同类别牦牛图像进行面部遮挡测试，识别准确率为83.33%。本算法可以为牦牛脸部识别研究提供参考。     

融合注意力机制的开集猪脸识别方法

针对闭集猪脸识别模型无法识别训练集中未曾出现的生猪个体的问题,本文设计了一种融合注意力机制的开集猪脸识别方法,可实现开集猪脸图像识别,识别模型从未处理过的生猪个体。首先基于全局注意力机制、倒置残差结构和深度可分离卷积构建了轻量级的特征提取模块(GCDSC);然后基于高效注意力机制、Ghost卷积和残差网络设计C3ECAGhost模块,提取猪脸图像高层语义特征;最后基于MobileFaceNet网络,融合GCDSC模块、C3ECAGhost模块、SphereFace损失函数和欧氏距离度量方法,构建PigFaceNet模型,实现开集猪脸识别。实验结果表明,GCDSC模块可使模型猪脸识别的准确率提高1.05个百分点,C3ECAGhost模块可将模型准确率进一步提高0.56个百分点。PigFaceNet模型在开集猪脸识别验证中的准确率可达94.28%,比改进前提高1.61个百分点,模型占用存储空间仅为5.44 MB,在提高准确率的同时实现了模型轻量化,可为猪场智慧化养殖提供参考方案。     

基于特征加权融合的鱼类摄食活动强度评估方法

为解决鱼类养殖中投喂精度低的问题,提出了一种基于特征加权融合的鱼类摄食活动强度评估方法。该方法以鱼群为研究对象,利用不同摄食阶段图像的特征对摄食活动强度进行分析,避免了复杂背景中单体鱼的切割。首先,利用图像预处理技术获取前景目标,通过鱼群质心绘制出不同摄食阶段的鱼群游动轨迹;其次,分别提取图像的颜色、形状和纹理等特征;然后,使用Relief特征选择和XGBoost算法筛选出3个摄食评价因子,采用加权融合方法确定每个评价因子的最佳权重;最后,通过融合后的特征对摄食活动强度进行评估。试验结果表明,与传统面积法相比,本文提出方法的决定系数可达0. 904 3,且摄食识别准确率高达98. 89%。该方法在增强鲁棒性的同时,提高了检测和评估效率,可为鱼群摄食行为检测和活动强度评估提供参考。     

基于改进深度残差网络的路面状态分类

智能驾驶中路面识别需要较快的实时性和较高的准确性,传统的图像分类识别技术不能很好满足该需求。针对这种情况,提出一种基于深度残差网络的路面状态识别方法,并结合残差模块构造一种新的网络模型结构。实验结果表明,改进的深度残差网络模型对建立的路面状态数据库分类识别准确率达到94.35%,证明基于改进后构造的卷积神经网络具有较好的分类准确度。     

基于生物特性智能投饵机探索

传统投饵机大多采用定时定量投喂方式,投喂模式相对固定,投饵系统不能根据具体养殖情况适时调整.此外,由于传统投饵机未能感知养殖对象的摄食规律及习性等因素,会造成饵料不必要的浪费及环境污染等问题,研究高效智能化投饵系统成为降低养殖成本的关键任务。分析养殖对象在摄食过程中的摄食规律、聚集程度及饥饱程度等,从而决定投喂量,是决定这一问题有效途径。本文提出利用声呐探测投喂区域内鱼群密度,从而判断出鱼群饥饿程度,进而控制投饵机投喂的启停。     

基于轻量级卷积神经网络的种鸡发声识别方法

在种鸡养殖和管理过程中,借助非接触式、连续的声音检测手段和智能化设备,饲养员可以全面了解蛋鸡的健康状况以及个体需求,为提高生产效率并同时改善种鸡福利化养殖,提出了一种基于轻量级卷积神经网络的种鸡发声分类识别方法,以海兰褐种鸡为研究对象,收集种鸡舍内常见的5类声音,再将其声音一维信号转换为二维图像信号,利用卷积神经网络建立轻量级的深度学习模型,80%数据进行训练,20%数据进行测试,该模型实现了动物声音信号从输入端到识别结果输出端的高效检测。对比已有研究,本文方法对种鸡舍内常见的5类声音识别整体准确率提高3.7个百分点。试验结果表明,该方法平均准确率为95.7%,模型对饮水声、风机噪声、产蛋叫声识别召回率均达到100%,其中风机噪声和产蛋叫声精确率和F1值也均达到100%,而应激叫声召回率最低,为88.3%。本研究可为规模化无人值守鸡舍的智能装备研发提供一定理论参考。     

基于运动特征提取和2D卷积的鱼类摄食行为识别研究

为了促进渔业装备智能化,近年来基于视频流的鱼类摄食行为识别研究受到了广泛关注。针对基于视频流的传统识别方法模型过于复杂,难以在边缘计算设备部署的问题,提出了一种轻量级的2D卷积运动特征提取网络Motion-EfficientNetV2,该网络以视频流为输入,能够有效识别鱼类摄食行为。提出的模型以EfficientNetV2为主干网络,基于TEA和ECANet构建了运动特征提取模块Motion,并将该模块嵌入到EfficientNetV2的每个Fused-MBConv模块中,使改进后的EfficientNetV2具有运动特征提取能力。同时使用ECANet对EfficientNetV2网络中的MBConv进行改进,增强其通道特征提取能力。在此基础上利用空洞卷积扩大感受野,提高大范围特征提取能力。试验结果表明,Motion-EfficientNetV2的参数量和浮点运算量分别为9.3×106和1.31×1010,优于EfficientNetV2。在TSN-ResNet50、TSN-EfficientNetV2、C3D以及R3D模型上进行对比试验,本文模型在降低参数量和浮点运算量的同时,使识别准确率提高到93.97%。该研究对于渔业装备智能化升级和科学养殖具有推动作用。     

基于改进卷积神经网络的在体青皮核桃检测方法

采摘机器人对核桃采摘时,需准确检测到在体核桃目标。为实现自然环境下青皮核桃的精准识别,研究了基于改进卷积神经网络的青皮核桃检测方法。以预训练的VGG16网络结构作为模型的特征提取器,在Faster R-CNN的卷积层加入批归一化处理、利用双线性插值法改进RPN结构和构建混合损失函数等方式改进模型的适应性,分别采用SGD和Adam优化算法训练模型,并与未改进的Faster R-CNN对比。以精度、召回率和F1值作为模型的准确性指标,单幅图像平均检测时间作为速度性能评价指标。结果表明,利用Adam优化器训练得到的模型更稳定,精度高达97.71%,召回率为94.58%,F1值为96.12%,单幅图像检测耗时为0.227s。与未改进的Faster R-CNN模型相比,精度提高了5.04个百分点,召回率提高了4.65个百分点,F1值提升了4.84个百分点,单幅图像检测耗时降低了0.148s。在园林环境下,所提方法的成功率可达91.25%,并且能保持一定的实时性。该方法在核桃识别检测中能够保持较高的精度、较快的速度和较强的鲁棒性,能够为机器人快速长时间在复杂环境下识别并采摘核桃提供技术支撑。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。