糖醇和氨基酸对小白菜钙营养及生长、 品质的影响

【目的】小分子有机物在农业上的应用研究大多针对其促进作物生长、 改善品质等的营养效果,较少研究其对养分有效性及吸收利用的影响,对中微量元素吸收利用影响的研究更少。本研究选用糖醇和氨基酸为研究对象,研究了小分子有机物质对小白菜生长、 品质和养分吸收以及对钙有效性的影响。【方法】以小白菜为供试作物进行盆栽试验。试验以喷清水为对照,设置氨基酸(甘氨酸、 谷氨酸), 糖醇(甘露醇和木糖醇)和硝酸钙单独喷施,氨基酸(甘氨酸、 谷氨酸)和糖醇(甘露醇和木糖醇)分别与硝酸钙配合喷施,共计10个处理,每个处理6次重复,随机区组排列。试验中氨基酸喷施浓度为250 mg/L,糖醇喷施浓度为150 mg/L,硝酸钙喷施浓度为Ca2+ 130 mg/L。收获后测定植株生物量和维生素C、 可溶性糖、 硝酸盐和可溶性蛋白的含量,分析植株矿质元素氮、 磷、 钾和钙的吸收量。【结果】 1)叶面喷施糖醇和氨基酸明显促进了小白菜生长和养分吸收,并改善了其品质。与喷施清水(CK)相比,喷施糖醇和氨基酸可使小白菜生物量平均增加9.17%,维生素C、 可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别平均增加20.96%、 50.78%和30.66%,硝酸盐含量平均降低31.07%,氮、 磷、 钾吸收量分别平均增加12.43%、 15.24%和42.16%,钙吸收量增加显著,平均增加25.65%; 2)糖醇和氨基酸分别与硝酸钙混合施用可有效促进钙的吸收,提高硝酸钙在小白菜上的应用效果。与单独喷施硝酸钙相比,糖醇和氨基酸与硝酸钙混合喷施可使小白菜生物量平均增加17.44%,小白菜维生素C、 可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别平均增加14.23%、 45.27%、 33.43%,对氮、 磷、 钾养分吸收量分别平均提高38.25%、 16.13%、 25.11%,对钙养分的吸收量平均增加27.75%;与单独喷施小分子有机物(氨基酸和糖醇)相比,糖醇和氨基酸与硝酸钙混合喷施使小白菜生物量平均增加12.04%,对钙养分的吸收量平均增加17.60%。【结论】叶面喷施糖醇和氨基酸能有效增加小白菜生物量、 改善其品质并促进其对养分的吸收,糖醇和氨基酸分别与硝酸钙混合施用可有效促进钙的吸收,提高硝酸钙在小白菜上的应用效果。因此,小分子有机物糖醇和氨基酸可用作钙肥的有效助剂,用以促进作物对钙的吸收利用,提高钙养分的有效性和钙肥的应用效果。     

氨基酸与锌配合喷施提高小白菜生物量、品质及锌利用效率

【目的】 作物可以直接吸收小分子有机氮,探究不同氨基酸对作物产量、品质及养分吸收的影响,及其与锌肥配合的效果可深化对有机营养的认识,为叶面施肥提供理论依据。【方法】 以小白菜为供试作物进行盆栽试验,以喷施清水为对照,设甘氨酸、谷氨酸、苏氨酸、七水合硫酸锌分别单独喷施和甘氨酸、谷氨酸、苏氨酸分别与七水合硫酸锌混合喷施处理,三种氨基酸浓度梯度均为100、250、400 mg/L,七水合硫酸锌施用浓度为0.1%,共20个处理;每个处理5次重复,随机区组排列;收获后测定植株生物量和硝酸盐、可溶性糖及维生素C含量,分析植株吸收锌量。【结果】 1）施用三种氨基酸均能明显促进小白菜生长、改善品质,并能显著促进小白菜对锌的吸收。与对照相比,喷施三种氨基酸小白菜生物量分别提高了32.0%、19.8%和16.6%,硝酸盐含量分别降低了53.9%、60.9%和65.6%,可溶性糖含量分别提高了66.2%、145.1%和207.6%,Vc含量分别提高了20.8%、38.8%和61.6%。喷施100 mg/L的甘氨酸小白菜锌吸收量提高了12.0%,而喷施三种浓度的谷氨酸与苏氨酸均可提高小白菜的锌吸收量,分别平均提高了38.7%、12.0%;2）甘氨酸、谷氨酸、苏氨酸与硫酸锌混合喷施可明显提高锌的应用效果,与硫酸锌单施相比,混合喷施可分别使小白菜生物量提高25.6%、25.4%和24.5%,硝酸盐含量降低19.0%、26.3%和25.2%,可溶性糖含量提高33.2%、72.7%和27.1%,Vc含量提高67.1%、22.6%和25.2%,锌吸收量提高26.7%、50.0%和67.8%,锌利用率分别提高了14.3%、10.2%和19.2%,差异显著。【结论】 甘氨酸、谷氨酸、苏氨酸单独施用或与硫酸锌混合施用均能明显促进小白菜的生长发育及对锌的吸收利用,并能显著改善其品质。甘氨酸、谷氨酸、苏氨酸单独施用或与硫酸锌混合喷施其最适浓度范围均分别为250~400 mg/L、250~400 mg/L、100~250 mg/L。苏氨酸与硫酸锌混合喷施应用效果较甘氨酸和谷氨酸更佳,在氨基酸螯合锌肥中可优先选用。     

叶面喷施蚯蚓氨基酸肥对西瓜产量及品质的影响

蚯蚓水解液富含大量氨基酸,对作物生长具有明显的促进作用。试验以清水及尿素追肥为对照,在西瓜膨果期叶面喷施不同稀释倍数(800、500和300稀释倍数)的蚯蚓氨基酸追肥,研究其对西瓜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:尿素追肥的西瓜产量与清水追肥差异不显著;蚯蚓氨基酸800倍液的西瓜产量分别比清水、尿素追肥提高了19%和18%。尿素追肥西瓜果实的含糖量、有机酸含量高于清水追肥,但糖酸比低于清水追肥;与清水追肥相比,蚯蚓氨基酸300、500、800倍液增加了西瓜果实含糖量;800、500倍液降低了有机酸含量,增加了糖酸比;与尿素追肥相比,蚯蚓氨基酸300、500、800倍液保持了与之相当的含糖量,但降低了有机酸含量,从而提高了糖酸比,其中蚯蚓氨基酸800倍液有机酸含量最低、糖酸比最高。尿素追肥西瓜果实硝酸盐含量与清水追肥相当;与清水及尿素追肥相比,蚯蚓氨基酸300、500、800倍液显著降低了西瓜果实硝酸盐含量,追施800和500倍液的西瓜果实硝酸盐含量最低。尿素追肥处理西瓜果实可溶性蛋白质含量低于清水处理;与清水及尿素追肥相比,800、500倍液蚯蚓氨基酸肥能显著增加西瓜果实可溶性蛋白质的含量。尿素追肥的西瓜维生素C(Vc)含量与清水追肥差异不显著;与清水及尿素追肥相比,喷施蚯蚓氨基酸500、300倍液能增加西瓜果实内Vc含量。综合来看,在西瓜膨果期叶面喷施适当浓度的蚯蚓氨基酸肥有利于提升西瓜产量和品质,其中以叶面喷施蚯蚓氨基酸800倍液效果最佳。     

施用硼、锌、钼肥对紫花苜蓿生长及品质的影响

试验阐明了在京郊土壤条件下施用硼、锌、钼肥对紫花苜蓿生长、品质和营养吸收的影响，为苜蓿的合理施肥提供了依据。结果表明：施用硼、锌和钼肥能够不同程度地提高苜蓿株丛数、改善结瘤、促进分枝、增加株高。微肥对产量的影响因土壤而异，当土壤有效锌、硼、钼含量分别低于1．8mg／kg、0．5mg／kg及0．1mg／kg时，施用微肥的增产效果明显。适当施用硼、锌、钼肥能够提高苜蓿粗蛋白质含量。苜蓿的吸氮氯量受硼、锌、钼肥影响显著，其中硼肥的作用最大，苜蓿的吸磷量受锌、钼的影响显著，吸钾量受硼、钼的影响显著。     

钾与钙、硼混合喷施对龙眼果实品质及耐贮性的影响

在果园土壤低硼条件下,以储良龙眼为试材,连续2年研究钾与钙、硼混合喷施对龙眼果实品质及耐贮藏性的影响。结果表明,在龙眼假种皮发育期间,树冠分别喷施0.3%KH2PO4、0.3%KH2PO4 1?Cl2、0.3%KH2PO4 0.2%H3BO3溶液3次,可显著增大成熟龙眼果型、提高果实组织鲜重,以及增加果实的可食率、果肉可溶性固形物和糖含量,并促进果实组织对Ca、B的吸收积累,显著提高果实组织K含量,其中喷施0.3%KH2PO4 0.2%H3BO3溶液的效果尤为显著;在30±2℃条件下贮藏,3个处理均降低了贮藏期间果实失重率,提高好果率,减缓了果肉营养成分含量的下降,其中喷施0.3%KH2PO4 1?Cl2、0.3%KH2PO4 0.2%H3BO3溶液的效果较为显著;钾、钙、硼营养对于提高龙眼果实的耐贮性和维持贮藏过程中果实品质有一定作用。     

羽毛生物降解氨基酸肥对小白菜生长及品质的影响

为明确羽毛生物降解氨基酸肥对小白菜生长及品质的影响,本研究在等氮供应的前提下,以清水(T1)为对照,对比了羽毛生物降解氨基酸肥(T2)和尿素(T3)对小白菜生长指标、叶片光合参数及品质参数的影响。结果表明,施氮显著促进了小白菜地上部生长,与T1处理相比,T2及T3处理小白菜干重分别增加17%及38%。叶片数、叶面积与地上部干重间存在极显著正相关关系。氮肥处理显著提高了小白菜植株氮素积累量及单位叶面积叶片净光合速率,不同施氮处理间单位叶面积叶片净光合速率无显著差异。氮素积累量与地上部干重间存在显著正相关关系。不同处理对类胡萝卜素、可溶性蛋白质、类黄酮及总酚含量的影响较小。与T3处理相比,T2处理游离氨基酸含量显著增加,硝酸盐含量显著降低。因此,羽毛生物降解氨基酸肥能提高小白菜产量及品质,较好地平衡产量与品质间的关系,具有开发成商品肥料并在蔬菜生产中应用的良好前景。     

喷施氨基酸螯合钙对结球生菜产量、品质和养分吸收的影响

为了探讨氨基酸螯合钙对结球生菜产量、品质和养分吸收的影响,筛选最佳用量,以喷施清水为对照,设置不同喷施浓度（0.05%、0.1%、0.3%、0.5%和1%）开展田间试验。结果表明,喷施氨基酸螯合钙均提高了结球生菜产量,0.5%浓度产量最高,较对照处理增产16.27%;0.3%和0.5%浓度均提高了结球生菜维生素C含量、降低了硝酸盐含量;喷施氨基酸螯合钙均较对照处理显著提高了结球生菜全钙含量,提高范围为9.73%～40.02%,0.3%和0.5%浓度提高了植株对磷、钾的吸收;喷施浓度0.5%处理的结球生菜经济效益和产投比最高,显著增加了农民收益。综合比较,氨基酸螯合钙最佳喷施浓度为0.3%～0.5%,效益显著。     

镁硼钼营养对苦瓜品质及其产量影响的研究

在田间试验条件下,研究施镁、硼、钼及其配合施用对大顶苦瓜品质和产量的影响。结果表明,4个处理硝酸盐含量较对照明显下降,其中以+B和+Mo处理效果最好,分别降低了苦瓜硝酸盐含量10.63%和53.02%,且+Mo与其它处理差异显著。+Mg、+Mo、+Mg+B+Mo3个处理的苦瓜产量均比对照显著增产,分别增加21.72%、18.97%、20.03%,其中以+Mg处理增产效果最好。而+B处理苦瓜产量比对照降低了4.32%,差异不显著。+Mo、+Mg+B+Mo处理较对照可溶性糖和Vc含量增加,其中以+Mg+B+Mo增加幅度最大,达到显著水平,而+Mg、+B处理可溶性糖含量较对照有明显的下降,其中以+B处理下降最为突出,差异显著,与对照相比,4个处理蛋白质含量均未发生显著变化。本文的研究结果表明,镁、硼、钼配合施用更有利于苦瓜产量的提高和品质的改善。     

水分状况及硼素营养对油菜苗期根系生长及硼营养效率的影响

采用温室盆栽试验 ,研究了不同土壤水分条件下施硼对油菜苗期根系生长、硼吸收、利用及其移动性的影响。结果表明 ,随土壤含水量、施硼量的下降 ,油菜根长、根体积、根系生长速率、根 /冠比减小 ,根系及地上部干物质积累降低 ,植株地上部硼浓度及含硼量下降。而硼利用效率、硼运移指数则随土壤含水量、施硼量的下降而升高。不同油菜品种的根系形态参数 (包括根长、根体积、根干重、根冠比及根系生长速率 )、硼利用效率及运移指数存在明显差异 ,即在相同条件下 ,V1根系较发达 ,硼利用效率、运移指数均高于V4 。研究认为 ,根系发达程度、硼利用效率及硼移动性大小是不同基因型油菜耐缺硼差异的重要因素。     

钾素营养对大蒜生长、光合特性及品质的影响

采用溶液培养试验探讨了钾对大蒜苗期生长、生理生化指标及品质的影响。供试营养液K+浓度分别为0、3.0、6.0、9.0和12.0 mmol/L。结果表明,K+浓度在0～6.0 mmol/L范围内,大蒜苗期生长量、色素含量、净光合速率、可溶性蛋白质及大蒜素含量随K+浓度升高而增加;当达到9.0 mmol/L时,上述指标则呈下降趋势。营养液中K+浓度为6.0 mmol/L时,大蒜叶片及假茎生长量、光合色素含量、光合速率及蒸腾速率均最大,假茎及叶片大蒜素含量分别比0 mmol/L时高出63.57%和62.04%,叶片可溶性蛋白质含量明显高于其他处理;假茎及叶片可溶性糖含量在K+浓度为9.0 mmol/L时最高。在施钾各处理间游离氨基酸含量差异不显著,但均显著低于不施钾处理。总之,钾能明显促进大蒜苗期假茎和叶片生长,增加叶片色素含量,极大改善叶片光合特性,提高大蒜幼苗营养品质。营养液K+浓度以6.0 mmol/L时表现最好。     

叶面喷施含氨基酸水溶肥料在辣椒和豇豆上的肥效

以辣椒(苏椒5号博士王)和豇豆(夏杰)为材料,研究叶面喷施利用废弃猪毛研制的含氨基酸水溶肥料在辣椒和豇豆上的应用效果。本试验分两季进行,设3个处理:不喷施任何肥料(CK1)、喷施清水(CK2)和喷施含氨基酸水溶肥料(AA)。田间试验结果表明:对辣椒和豇豆叶片喷施含氨基酸水溶肥料能有效促进辣椒和豇豆植株的生长,提高辣椒和豇豆果实的品质,同时叶面喷施含氨基酸水溶肥料还改变了辣椒和豇豆种植土壤中可培养微生物的数量。与不喷施、喷施清水处理相比,喷施含氨基酸水溶肥料显著提高了辣椒和豇豆的产量。从第一季看,辣椒的增产幅度分别为12.0%和10.8%,豇豆的增幅分别为10.3%和8.9%;从第二季看,辣椒的增幅分别达到13.5%和12.5%,豇豆的增产幅度分别是18.9%和14.7%,与第一季相比,第二季增产幅度有所提升。由此,利用废弃猪毛研制的含氨基酸水溶肥料叶面喷施能够有效促进设施辣椒和豇豆的产量,研究结果可为废弃猪毛的资源化利用和设施蔬菜的高效栽培提供理论依据。     

不同品种樱桃番茄氨基酸组成及风味分析

为评价不同品种樱桃番茄的风味及营养价值,比较分析了8个品种樱桃番茄的可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量、有机酸含量、糖酸比、Vc含量、氨基酸含量和氨基酸组成。结果表明,红果樱桃番茄品种的部分风味指标(可溶性固形物、总糖、有机酸、Vc)、氨基酸组成及营养价值(总氨基酸、必需氨基酸含量及氨基酸模式谱)优于黄果品种,尤其是红果品种浙樱粉1号和浙樱红1号,其中,浙樱粉1号樱桃番茄可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量、有机酸含量、Vc含量、呈味类氨基酸(鲜味、甜味、芳香类)含量及氨基酸营养价值均处于较高水平。红果樱桃番茄品种之间的总糖含量、Vc含量,以及黄果樱桃番茄品种之间的有机酸含量、总氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量和甜味类氨基酸含量等指标均呈现出较低的变异系数。氨基酸营养价值分析表明,缬氨酸和亮氨酸是樱桃番茄的2个主要限制氨基酸。本研究结果为高品质樱桃番茄的品种选育提供了理论指导。     

不同氮素形态配施氨基酸对翠冠梨生长及品质的影响研究

为探讨不同氮素配施氨基酸对梨树生长、产量及品质的影响,连续两年在8年生翠冠梨上开展了等氮条件下单施硝铵和尿素及配施氨基酸的研究。结果表明,单施硝铵处理较单施尿素处理显著增加了SPAD值、叶面积和百叶重,分别比尿素处理增加了2.8%、5.9%和7.2%。硝铵配施氨基酸处理显著增加了单果重。单施硝铵处理较单施尿素处理显著增加了单株产量、硬度和可溶性糖,有增加可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的趋势。花后110天硝铵配施氨基酸处理比单施硝铵处理显著增加了果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量。各种糖在不同生育期所占比例不同,花后46天果实中山梨醇所占比例最高,约占总糖含量的69%~73%,葡萄糖和果糖比例相当;随着果实的发育,果糖和蔗糖比例逐渐增加,山梨醇比例降低。总体看来,硝铵配施氨基酸处理更有利于梨树生长和果实品质的提高。     

Impacts of Combination of Foliar Iron and Boron Application on Iron Biofortification and Nutritional Quality of Rice Grain

To increase iron (Fe) concentration in edible portions of staple food crops, an agronomic approach via foliar Fe-containing solutions might be sustainable and economical strategy; however, little information is available in the literature. So the present work was carried out to examine the effects of Fe in association with boron (B) foliar fertilization on Fe biofortification and the nutritional quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain. The work was conducted in 2006 at the research experiment station at Zhejiang University on japonica rice ‘Bing 98110’ planted on a silty loam soil in pots. The following spray treatments were performed at rice anthesis: (1) control (the deionized water spray); (2) 0.1% (w/v) FeSO₄ · 7H₂O; (3) 0.1% (w/v) Fe(II)-AA (Complex of 0.1% FeSO₄ · 7H₂O and 0.4% compound amino acids; 18.6% N); (4) 0.2% (w/v) H₃BO₃ (boric acid, 17.5% B); (5) combined spray of 0.1% (w/v) FeSO₄ · 7H₂O and 0.2% (w/v) H₃BO₃; (6) combined spray of 0.1% (w/v) Fe(II)-AA and 0.2% (w/v) H₃BO₃. Foliar Fe and B complex application did biofortify Fe concentration and other measured nutritive values in polished rice. Compared to the control, Fe concentration in seed increased significantly 18.9% with the combination of foliar Fe(II)-AA and B, Zn content increased significantly 26.7%, and protein and total 16 amino acids, such as lysine, threonine, and arginine that were essential for human nutrition as well as glutamic acid, aspartic acid, valine, leucine, and phenylalanine, etc., also increased markedly by 30.9% and by 37.0%, respectively.     

含氨基酸水溶肥料和EM微生物菌剂对设施莴笋生长和品质的影响

以莴笋为供试材料,研究在莴笋叶面喷施、根部灌施EM微生物菌剂和含氨基酸水溶肥料对其植株生长、光合特性、产量和果实品质的影响。本试验设4个处理:不施用任何肥料(CK)、常规施肥处理(T1)、喷施+灌施EM微生物菌剂(T2)、喷施+灌施含氨基酸水溶肥料(T3)。试验结果表明:与对照CK相比,喷施+灌施EM微生物菌剂和喷施+灌施含氨基酸水溶肥料能显著提高莴笋的株高和茎粗,有效促进作物的生长;从光合特性看,T3处理的光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率均显著优于对照CK,和常规施肥T1相比也有明显提高,说明喷施+灌施含氨基酸水溶肥料能提高莴笋的光合作用。产量上,T3>T2>T1>CK,T1、T2和T3的产量相较于CK的增长幅度分别为20.17%、26.05%、31.65%,T2和T3相较于T1的增长幅度分别达到4.90%和9.99%,T3相较于T2的增长幅度为4.44%,表明EM微生物菌剂和含氨基酸水溶肥料均能提高莴笋的产量,而含氨基酸水溶肥料的效果更佳。     

Mutual Effects of Boron and Zinc on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Growth and Mineral Nutrition

The mutual effects of boron (B) and zinc (Zn) on growth, total chlorophyll (Chl), membrane permeability (MP), and nutrient content were investigated in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The soil was treated with five levels of B (0, 4, 8, 16, 32 mg kg^?1) and three levels of Zn (0, 10, 20 mg kg^?1). Plant growth was progressively depressed with increasing of B. However, Zn addition had an inhibitory effect on B toxicity and decreased growth reduction caused by excess B. In Zn-untreated plants, B and Zn contents were enhanced by increasing of B; moreover, both Zn and B addition enhanced Zn content. The Chl content decreased and MP increased, resulting from B toxicity; however, Zn addition partially ameliorated the adverse effects of B toxicity on Chl and MP. Increasing B enhanced phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), Zn, copper (Cu), and sodium (Na) contents in peanut shoots.     

Boron and Amino Acid Foliar Application on Wheat-Soybean Intercropping in a Non-Tillage System

Micronutrient and amino acid (AA) foliar fertilization has generally been sprayed onto plants to increase the crop yield. The experiment had the aim of evaluating the foliar boron (B) and AA application on grain yield (GY), physiological characteristics, nutritional status, and yield components in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] intercropping in a non-tillage system (NTS). The experiment was set up as a randomized block design with eight treatments and four replicates. The treatments had the following boron (B) rates: [0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 kg ha^?1, source: boric acid (H₃BO₃)] + AAs (2 L ha^?1) applied by foliar spraying and the additional treatments [(Control - without B and AAs), 2 kg ha^?1 B, 2 L ha^?1 AAs and 2 kg ha^?1 B + 1 L ha^?1 AAs] applied at the end of the elongation and spike beginning of wheat plants and development growth stage (V5) of soybean for two growing seasons. Boron and AAs had no influence on the physiological and yield components and had no increases in the foliar and grain B content in wheat and soybean. No matter the dose, the foliar B + AAs (2 L ha^?1) application did not increase the GY in wheat-soybean under a rotational NTS in loamy soil with suitable available B.     

亚东黑耳的氨基酸特征分析及蛋白质品质评价

亚东黑耳(Exidia sp.)是一种尚未实现人工栽培的珍稀食用菌,为发掘和利用其营养价值,在现行国际氨基酸模式谱的基础上,以氨基酸评分(AAS)、美国国家科学院医学研究所(IOM)模式评分、化学评分(CS)、氨基酸比值系数(RC)、氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)和必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)等多个参数为指标,系统地分析了亚东黑耳的氨基酸特征和蛋白质品质。结果表明,亚东黑耳中含有18种常见氨基酸,包括全部8种必需氨基酸;其粗蛋白含量与粮食作物接近,蛋白质中必需氨基酸含量充足(473.4 mg·g^-1 pro),其中亮氨酸含量较高(67.73 mg·g^-1 pro)。参数评估表明,亚东黑耳蛋白质中的必需氨基酸比例相对合理(RC值0.74～1.66,EAAI值129.11),基本符合国际推行的氨基酸平衡模式谱(AAS值均高于98.75%,IOM模式评分均高于100%),是相对优质的蛋白质,但其平衡性和含量均逊色于鸡蛋蛋白(CS值70.93%～128.30%)。本研究结果为进一步开发野生菌资源提供了科学基础。     

Effect of Foliar Salicylic Acid Applications on Growth,Chlorophyll, and Mineral Content of Cucumber Grown Under Salt Stress

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of foliar salicylic acid (SA) applications on growth, chlorophyll, and mineral content of cucumber grown under salt stress. The study was conducted in pot experiments under greenhouse conditions. Cucumber seedlings were treated with foliar SA applications at different concentrations (0.0, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mM). Salinity treatments were established by adding 0, 60, and 120 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) to a base complete nutrient solution. The SA was applied with spraying two times as before and after transplanting. Salt stress negatively affected the growth, chlorophyll content and mineral uptake of cucumber plants. However, foliar applications of SA resulted in greater shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, and root dry weight as well as higher plants under salt stress. Shoot diameter and leaf number per plant increased with SA treatments under salt stress. The greatest chlorophyll content was obtained with 1.00 mM SA treatment in both saline and non-saline conditions. Leaf water relative content (LWRC) reduced in response to salt stress while SA raised LWRC of salt stressed cucumber plants. Salinity treatments induced significant increases in electrolyte leakage. Plants treated with foliar SA had lower values of electrolyte leakage than non-treated ones. In regard to nutrient content, it can be interfered that foliar SA applications increased almost all nutrient content in leaves and roots of cucumber plants under salt stress. Generally, the greatest values were obtained from 1.00 mM SA application. Based on these findings, the SA treatments may help alleviate the negative effect of salinity on the growth of cucumber.     

Studies on Growth,Yield and Quality of Broccoli (Brassica Oleracea L.Var Italica Plenck) as Influenced by Boron and Molybdenum

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.var italica Plenck) is an important winter season exotic vegetable from the Brassicaceae family as well as heavy feeder of plant nutrients. Plant nutrition is one of the prime considerations for getting higher yield of any crop. Mineral fertilizer improves growth and yield of broccoli due to the role of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on the meristematic activity. Boron and molybdenum are essential micronutrients required for normal plant growth and development. Plants differ widely in their requirements, but the ranges of deficiency and toxicity are narrow. Boron and molybdenum deficiencies are very common in Cole crops. Deficiency causes many anatomical, physiological, and biological changes. The deficiency of boron and molybdenum has threatened the ever increasing areas of broccoli. The effected heads become irregular in shape, smaller in size and bitter in taste which adversely affects the market demand of the crop. No systematic work so far has been done in production technology of sprouting broccoli in relation to response of nutrients in the gangetic plains of West Bengal. The present investigation was attempted to find out the growth, yield, and quality of broccoli on the aspects of minor mineral (boron and molybdenum) nutrition. The experiments were conducted at the Horticultural Research Station of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mondouri, Nadia, West Bengal, during 2010–12 with four levels of boron (0, 15, 18, and 21 kg ha^?1) and molybdenum (0, 1.2, 1.5, and 1.8 kg ha^?1). Design of the experiment was a Factorial Randomized Block Design. Biometric observations were recorded from the selected plant from each plot and each replication of both the years. It was concluded from the results that under favorable agro-climatic conditions, the application of 18 kg borax and 1.8 kg ammonium molybdate ha^?1 was found beneficial for growth, yield, and quality of broccoli.