(-)表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯对自然衰老大鼠模型学习记忆障碍的改善作用

观察绿茶提取物(-)表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)对老年痴呆大鼠的治疗作用,并初步探讨其作用机制。EGCG治疗组大鼠海马区SOD活性较模型组增高(P0.05),EGCG治疗组大鼠海马区GSH-Px活性较模型组增高(P0.05),而MDA含量下降(P0.05)。EGCG能够明显改善自然衰老大鼠的认知功能,其作用机制可能与抗氧化作用有关。     

马齿苋多糖体内外抗氧化作用的研究

为了研究马齿苋多糖(POL-P)体内外的抗氧化作用,试验采用水提醇沉方法获得POL-P,在宫颈癌U14实体瘤小鼠左前肢腋窝皮下接种0.2 m L不同浓度的POL-P,建立宫颈癌小鼠模型,给药后测定各组小鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量;在体外化学模拟条件下,测定POL-P对超氧阴离子(O2-·)、羟基自由基(·OH)和二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH·)的清除活性。结果表明:体内POL-P的抗氧化作用表现为能显著提高荷瘤小鼠血清中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT、AKP活性(P0.05),降低LDH活性和MDA含量;POL-P具有体外清除自由基活性的作用,且为剂量依赖形式。说明POL-P的抗肿瘤作用与抗氧化活性有关,其抗氧化性机制主要是通过增强SOD等抗氧化酶活性,从而清除自由基,降低MDA含量。     

盐酸克伦特罗对小鼠心肌乳酸脱氢酶活性和抗氧化能力的影响

目的研究盐酸克伦特罗对小鼠心肌乳酸脱氢酶活性和抗氧化能力的影响。方法选用健康雄性小鼠,采用腹腔注射法给药,注射不同浓度的盐酸克伦特罗,1次/d,连续给药30d,第31d脊椎脱臼法处死小鼠,迅速取出心脏,匀浆后测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果盐酸克伦特罗可使小鼠心肌中的LDH活性和MDA含量显著升高,SOD和GSH-PX活性显著降低。结论盐酸克伦特罗可造成心肌损伤,并降低心肌抗氧化能力。     

银杏叶提取物对热应激致鸡心肌细胞氧化损伤的保护作用研究

本试验旨在研究银杏叶提取物(Ginko biloba extract,GBE)对热应激致鸡心肌细胞氧化损伤的保护作用。取12日龄AA肉鸡心脏制备鸡原代心肌细胞,向原代心肌细胞培养板中分别加入0、5、10、50、100、150 mg/mL GBE,CCK-8试剂盒检测心肌细胞存活率;将原代心肌细胞以1×104个/孔接种于96孔板,培养48h,分别加入0、5、10、50、100、200、500、1 000μg/mL GBE,Hoechst 33258检测心肌细胞凋亡率,确定最适GBE浓度。42℃热应激处理(0、0.5、1、2和4h)建立心肌细胞损伤模型,ELISA试剂盒检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、细胞丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;Western blotting检测Hsp72蛋白表达。结果显示,高浓度GBE具有细胞毒性,50、100、150mg/mL GBE能极显著抑制细胞生长(P0.01),50μg/mL GBE能够极显著提高细胞增殖率(P0.01)。热应激后细胞发生凋亡,细胞内MDA、LDH含量增加,SOD活性、GSHPx含量减少,产生氧化损伤;GBE可以降低热应激时细胞LDH和MDA的含量,增加SOD活性和GSH-Px的含量,热应激2、4h,GBE处理效果明显。此外,GBE可增加心肌细胞中Hsp72蛋白的表达。综上所述,GBE能降低热应激状态下心肌细胞的氧化损伤,其机制可能与提高抗氧化酶活性及提高Hsp72的表达有关。     

蜂蛹提取物对顺铂诱导小鼠肾损伤的保护作用试验

蜂蛹具有抗氧化、降血糖、抗衰老、抗炎等多种功效,为研究蜂蛹提取物对顺铂(LDDP)诱导小鼠肾损伤的保护作用,本试验以云南胡蜂蜂蛹提取物为原料,测定了提取物中蛋白对超氧自由基及DPPH自由基的清除活性。通过构建顺铂诱导的小鼠肾损伤模型,测定血清及组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)、肌酐(Cr)和尿素氮(BUN)的活性或含量,对小鼠肾脏进行组织切片染色分析。结果显示,当蜂蛹提取物浓度达到200 mg/mL时,其DPPH自由基清除率达到57%,最大氧自由基清除率接近97%,蜂蛹提取物具有良好的自由基清除活性,且自由基清除能力具有剂量依赖效应;与顺铂组相比,蜂蛹组中血清SOD和GSH-Px含量均升高约2倍,MDA、Cr、BUN含量均显著降低(P<0.05);结合肾脏组织切片H.E.染色分析,蜂蛹组小鼠肾脏组织的透明细胞和炎性细胞浸润现象有所改善,其损伤程度明显减轻。表明蜂蛹提取物可以减轻顺铂诱导的组织病理损伤,对小鼠肾损伤具有保护作用。     

坚果壳色素的提取和抗氧化作用研究

本试验通过比较核桃壳和板栗壳的色素提取得率、总黄酮、多酚含量和清除DPPH自由基的能力,选择较优者开展小鼠体内抗氧化活性研究。建立急性酒精性肝组织损伤模型,通过测定小鼠谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,研究提取物对小鼠肝脏的保护作用。结果表明:核桃壳和板栗壳色素的碱提得率大于醇提,总酚与总黄酮含量碱提高于醇提;核桃壳色素在体外清除DPPH自由基的能力较强。核桃壳提取物提高了小鼠酒精肝损伤下GSH-Px、CAT、T-SOD活力,降低了丙二醛的含量,对酒精引起的肝脏损伤有预防和保护作用。     

L-硝基精氨酸对阿尔茨海默症小鼠脑海马nNOS阳性神经元分布、NOS活性及NO含量变化的影响

为了研究D-半乳糖联合铝诱导的小鼠阿尔茨海默症(AD)脑海马一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性和一氧化氮(NO)含量的变化及L-NNA和盐酸多奈哌齐对其变化的影响,探讨NO在阿尔茨海默症中的作用机制及2种药物对脑神经元的保护作用。选取2月龄健康昆明小鼠160只,体质量(20±2)g,随机分为正常对照组、模型组、盐酸多奈哌齐治疗组及L-NNA治疗组,利用D-半乳糖联合三氯化铝建立小鼠AD模型,应用生化检测技术测定各组脑海马在造模后每周NOS活性及NO含量。结果表明,模型组海马内NOS活性开始呈缓慢升高,从第4周开始呈显著升高,保持较高含量至12w造模结束;两治疗组脑海马NOS活性在各时间点极显著或显著低于模型组(P0.01或P0.05),并且L-NNA在4~8周时降低脑海马NOS活性的程度好于盐酸多奈哌齐治疗组(P0.05);NO含量的变化随着NOS活性的变化而变化;利用SABC免疫组织化学方法检测各组脑海马神经型NOS(nNOS)阳性神经元,发现模型组脑海马nNOS阳性神经元密度降低,细胞着色变淡,胞体截面积和最长突起长度变小,经过治疗后神经元密度增加,胞体截面积和最长突起长度显著改善(P0.05)。结果提示NO参与了AD形成过程,高浓度的NO能发挥神经毒性作用损害脑组织;L-NNA通过抑制NOS的活性,降低了脑海马NO的含量,对阿尔茨海默症中海马神经元具有明显的保护作用。     

茯苓多糖对糖尿病小鼠淋巴细胞DNA损伤及肾组织主要抗氧化酶活性的影响

为研究茯苓多糖对2型糖尿病(NIDDM)小鼠淋巴细胞DNA损伤及肾组织主要抗氧化酶活性的影响,试验采用高糖高脂饲料+小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)方式诱导NIDDM动物模型,然后将动物分成正常对照组、模型对照组、茯苓多糖灌胃组、罗格列酮灌胃组,药物连续灌胃42 d后,检测小鼠淋巴细胞DNA损伤,肾组织超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明:WRP对NIDDM小鼠淋巴细胞DNA损伤具有修复作用,能提高糖尿病小鼠肾组织中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性,降低MDA的含量。表明茯苓多糖能增强肾脏抗氧化性,保护自由基介导的氧化损伤,可以治疗或延缓糖尿病肾病(DN)的发生。     

原花青素对玉米赤霉烯酮诱导小鼠睾丸TM4支持细胞凋亡的保护作用

为了研究原花青素对玉米赤霉烯酮诱导的小鼠睾丸支持细胞TM4凋亡的保护作用,试验采用体外培养小鼠睾丸支持细胞TM4,用MTT法分别测定原花青素(PC)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)对TM4细胞生长的影响,流式细胞术检测PC对ZEA诱导的TM4细胞凋亡的保护作用,并检测PC、ZEA引起的总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)的活性变化及丙二醛(MDA)的含量变化。结果表明:PC可显著增加TM4细胞的存活率,抑制TM4细胞的凋亡,提高T-SOD活性,降低MDA含量;有效抑制ZEA诱导的TM4细胞凋亡,主要是通过抗氧化作用对经ZEA染毒的TM4细胞起到保护作用。     

桦木酸对地塞米松致氧化应激小鼠血清指标的影响

本试验旨在研究桦木酸(BA)对地塞米松(Dex)诱导氧化应激小鼠血清指标的影响。将40只健康雄性昆明小鼠随机分为5组,即对照(NC)组、Dex组、0.25 mg/kg BA组、0.50 mg/kg BA组、1.00 mg/kg BA组,每组8只。NC组和Dex组灌服1%的可溶性淀粉,其余各组灌服混悬于1%可溶性淀粉溶液中不同剂量的BA,连续灌服14 d后,除NC组注射生理盐水外,其余4组均腹腔注射25 mg/kg Dex诱导氧化应激模型。15 h后,眼眶采血,收集血清。检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆红素(T-Bil)、钙离子(Ca~(2+))、细胞色素C(CytC)含量,总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、抑制羟自由基能力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果显示:BA预处理后,能够显著或极显著降低Dex诱导氧化应激小鼠血清ALP活性及TG、T-Bil、CytC含量(P0.05或P0.01),且呈量效关系;低剂量BA(0.25、0.50 mg/kg)显著或极显著降低了血清MDA含量(P0.01或P0.05),但高剂量BA(1.00 mg/kg)反而极显著升高了其含量(P0.01);能够显著或极显著升高血清Ca2+和GSH含量、SOD的活性、T-AOC和抑制羟自由基能力(P0.05或P0.01),并呈量效关系;降低了血清ALT和AST活性,但影响不显著(P0.05),对血清TP和ALB含量无显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,BA能够改善Dex引起的小鼠血清指标的变化,对Dex诱导的氧化损伤有预防性的保护作用。     

大豆异黄酮抵抗体外培养猪脂肪细胞氧化损伤的作用

为了探明大豆异黄酮对猪脂肪细胞氧化损伤的保护效应,试验分别用含0、10、20、40μmol/L和80μmol/L异黄酮S(一种合成的大豆异黄酮)或三羟基异黄酮(GEN)的完全培养液培养猪脂肪细胞48h,用终浓度为100μmol/L的FeSO4和H2O2溶液进行氧化处理1 h。结果表明:与正常对照组相比,氧化对照组细胞内活性氧(ROS)水平和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量分别升高了1.61倍和2.74倍(P<0.01);与氧化对照组相比,添加10、20、40μmol/L和80μmol/L异黄酮S使细胞内ROS水平分别下降了24.62%(P<0.05)、20.03%(P<0.05)、37.88%(P<0.01)和41.20%(P<0.01);添加10、20、40μmol/L和80μmol/L GEN均显著降低了细胞内ROS水平(P<0.01)和MDA含量(P<0.05)。试验结果提示在本试验条件下,异黄酮S和GEN能通过抑制猪脂肪细胞的脂质过氧化、降低ROS产生,抵抗羟自由基对猪脂肪细胞的氧化损伤。     

An association between the level of oxidative stress and the concentrations of NEFA and BHBA in the plasma of ketotic dairy cows

The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative status in ketotic cows. We observed changes in the oxidative status and correlations between the oxidative and metabolic status in non‐ketotic (n = 10), subclinical ketotic (n = 10) and ketotic cows (n = 10). Plasma samples were analysed by standard biochemical techniques and ELISA to determine traditional metabolic parameters: triglyceride (TG), phosphonium (P), calcium (Ca), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), immune globulin (Ig), total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); energy metabolism indices: glucose, β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA); and indices of oxidative status: malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), vitamin C, vitamin E, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), catalase (CAT), xanthine oxidase (XOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC). The results of this study showed that plasma glucose levels were lower in ketotic and subclinical ketotic cows than in non‐ketotic cows; however, the plasma NEFA and BHBA concentrations were higher. In addition, significant decreases in TC, HDL and VLDL and significant increases in AST, ALT and LDH were observed in the plasma of the ketotic cows. The ketotic cows showed decreased plasma SOD, CAT, vitamin C and vitamin E, inhibited hydroxyl radical capacity and increased plasma H₂O₂ and MDA. There were positive correlations between the plasma NEFA and ALT, AST, LDH and MDA and negative correlations between the plasma NEFA and TC, HDL, VLDL, SOD, vitamin C, vitamin E, 1542280 uric acid and inhibited hydroxyl radical capacity. In addition, there were positive correlations between BHBA concentrations and ALT, AST and LDH and negative correlations between plasma BHBA concentrations and TC, HDL, VLDL, vitamin E and inhibited hydroxyl radical capacity. Overall, ketotic dairy cows experience oxidative stress, which is presumably associated with hyperketonemia and higher NEFA.     

The injury effect of oxygen free radicals in vitro on cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells from broilers

Pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) were isolated from broilers by the method of tissue explantation. The cells were identified using morphological features and immunocytochemical staining using a specific antiserum against factor VIII related antigen. Xanthine/Xanthine oxidase (X/XO) served as the oxygen free radical (OFR) generating system. In vitro model of oxidative injury of PAEC was established based on the X/XO system. The effect of OFR on the growth and viability of PAEC was determined with methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay. Malondialdehyde (MDA, a product of lipid peroxidation) in culture medium of PAEC was detected by a thiobarbituric acid colorimetric assay. The results showed that PAEC survive in vitro and can be subcultured for 5-6 passages. Morphological and immunocytochemical observations of cultured cells demonstrated specific characteristics of endothelial cells. PAECs were severely damaged by OFR. The viability of cells was reduced by the X/XO system, and a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability was found with increasing XO dosages. OFR promoted lipid peroxidation of PAEC and increased the MDA concentration in culture media. These results suggest that OFR can injure the endothelial cells from broiler pulmonary arteries in vitro, which confirms previous results obtained in vivo. Oxidative injury may play an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension syndrome in broiler.     

Botulinum C3 enzyme changes the lactate dehydrogenase isozyme pattern of primary culture of neurons

Changes in the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozyme pattern of primary culture of neurons treated with botulinum C3 enzyme were examined in order to elucidate the functional changes accompanying the morphological change that follows ADP-ribosylation of Rho protein. Primary neurons were prepared from the cerebrum of ICR mouse embryos on day 15. Neurons were cultured in MEM with 10% fetal calf serum at 37 degrees C. In the neurons treated with C3 enzyme, a typical morphological change was observed after 24 hr, and the LDH isozyme pattern was changed after 72 hr. The ratio of H-subunit to M-subunit in LDH was decreased by C3 treatment, suggesting the induction of a state of lower intracellular oxygen consumption in neurons in the primary cultures.     

Neuronal activation modulates enhancer activity of genes for excitatory synaptogenesis through de novo DNA methylation

Post-mitotic neurons do exhibit DNA methylation changes, contrary to the longstanding belief that the epigenetic pattern in terminally differentiated cells is essentially unchanged. While the mechanism and physiological significance of DNA demethylation in neurons have been extensively elucidated, the occurrence of de novo DNA methylation and its impacts have been much less investigated. In the present study, we showed that neuronal activation induces de novo DNA methylation at enhancer regions, which can repress target genes in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. The functional significance of this de novo DNA methylation was underpinned by the demonstration that inhibition of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity decreased neuronal activity-induced excitatory synaptogenesis. Overexpression of WW and C2 domain-containing 1 (Wwc1), a representative target gene of de novo DNA methylation, could phenocopy this DNMT inhibition-induced decrease in synaptogenesis. We found that both DNMT1 and DNMT3a were required for neuronal activity-induced de novo DNA methylation of the Wwc1 enhancer. Taken together, we concluded that neuronal activity-induced de novo DNA methylation that affects gene expression has an impact on neuronal physiology that is comparable to that of DNA demethylation. Since the different requirements of DNMTs for germ cell and embryonic development are known, our findings also have considerable implications for future studies on epigenomics in the field of reproductive biology.     

右美托咪定对氯胺酮致发育期大鼠神经损伤的影响

本研究旨在探讨右美托咪定干预氯胺酮致发育期大鼠神经损伤的影响及其可能的机制。7日龄SD大鼠随机分为对照组、氯胺酮组（氯胺酮20 mg·kg^-1腹腔注射,每1.5 h注射1次,共5次）、右美托咪定组（右美托咪定腹腔注射15 μg·kg^-1）和氯胺酮+右美托咪定组（氯胺酮注射前30 min,腹腔注射15 μg·kg^-1右美托咪定）。最后1次给药90 min后,取大脑组织固定后进行尼氏染色;测定海马和皮质组织中CAT、GSH、MDA、IL-1β和IL-18的含量。尼氏染色结果显示,与对照组相比右美托咪定预先用药可以缓解氯胺酮导致的海马CA1区、CA3区和皮质区的神经元丢失。右美托咪定预处理还可以显著降低（P<0.05）海马和皮质MDA、IL-1β和IL-18水平,显著增加（P<0.05）CAT和GSH含量。综上表明,右美托咪定预处理能够有效降低海马和皮质MDA水平、增加CAT和GSH含量,并抑制炎症因子IL-1β和IL-18的分泌,在氯胺酮致发育期大鼠神经损伤时发挥神经保护作用。     

Time-course changes of hippocalcin expression in the mouse hippocampus following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus

Hippocalcin participates in the maintenance of neuronal calcium homeostasis. In the present study, we examined the time-course changes of neuronal degeneration and hippocalcin protein level in the mouse hippocampus following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). Marked neuronal degeneration was observed in the hippocampus after SE in a time-dependent manner, although neuronal degeneration differed according to the hippocampal subregions. Almost no hippocalcin immunoreactivity was detected in the pyramidal neurons of the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region from 6 h after SE. However, many pyramidal neurons in the CA2 region showed hippocalcin immunoreactivity until 24 h after SE. In the CA3 region, only a few hippocalcin immunoreactive cells were observed at 12 h after SE, and almost no hippocalcin immunoreactivity was observed in the pyramidal neurons from 24 h after SE. Hippocalcin immunoreactivity in the polymorphic cells of the dentate gyrus was markedly decreased from 6 h after SE. In addition, hippocalcin protein level in the hippocampus began to decrease from 6 h after SE, and was significantly decreased at 24 h and 48 h after pilocarpine-induced SE. These results indicate that marked reduction of hippocalcin level may be closely related to neuronal degeneration in the hippocampus following pilocarpine-induced SE.     

Proliferation capacity, neuronal differentiation potency and microstructures after the differentiation of canine bone marrow stromal cells into neurons

We examined the proliferation capacity and neuronal differentiation potency of canine bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). In addition, the microstructures of neuron-like cells after neuronal differentiation were observed under a scanning electron microscope. Canine BMSCs grew to confluency at 10.0 ± 2.5 days, and 3.8 ± 2.1 × 10(6) BMSCs were collected in one passage. Approximately 65% of canine BMSCs changed to neuron-like morphology after neuronal differentiation, and nearly all neuron-like cells stained positive against neuron-specific enolase. In addition, microstructures such as the cellular organelles, filaments and growth cones of these cells bore a close resemblance to those of the original mature neurons. These results suggested that canine BMSCs might be capable of differentiating into neurons.