Feline leukaemia virus testing

Extract

Sir:- In September 1981 we published the results of leukaemia virus (Felv) testing of cats in New Zealand.⁽²⁾ In addition we detailed recommendations for Felv testing of cats in this country. These recommendations were revised and updated in a second letter to the Journal in 1982.⁽³⁾ Since then a further 465 cats have been tested at Massey University using the leukassay test (ELISA) (Leukassay F, Pitman Moore).     

Vitiligo in a cow associated with hepatosis

Extract

I am concerned with the claims about the interpretation of the clinical pathological results in a recent letter published in the New Zealand Veterinary Journal (Yeruham et al., 1998).     

基于Web of Science的柑橘研究文献计量学分析

利用Web of Science提供的统计功能以及EXCEL软件分析数据,以文献计量学的基本定律作为数据分析的基本方法,对2003-2012年10年间柑橘研究论文的“年出版论文数量、作者、来源出版物、学科类别、文献类型、文献语种、机构、国家／地区”等方面进行了统计分析,探讨了有关柑橘的研究趋势、文献分布相关学科和研究热点等,以期为我国从事柑橘研究的科技工作者提供研究思路借鉴。     

Two letters to Alexander Numan by J.H. van Opdorp, surgeon at Arnemuiden (Province of Zealand)

The periodical, Veeartsenijkundig Magazijn, that Numan had started in 1828 caught the attention of a surgeon in a small town in the neighbourhood of Middelburg. In his two letters he tells about his experiences in animal healing, leaving it to Numan which use he eventually might make of these observations. In the first letter (1829) he tells how he as a ship's doctor was shipwrecked in the Indian Ocean, and after being put ashore on a small island, had successfully performed an operation on an ass, suffering from a very large praeputial tumor. In his second letter (1830) he tells about his practice in Arnemuiden where he settled after leaving the navy. As there were no trained veterinarians in the surroundings, he extended his care also to animals. l.a. he reports on a case of a cow suffering from an enlarged heart, and this item was, indeed, published by Numan. A biographical sketch of Van Opdorp is added. His name is known in the medical history of The Netherlands, because he was the most fervent adherent of the teachings of Broussais, a professor of medicine in Paris. Although these teachings found many followers in the French-speaking countries, the propaganda made by Van Opdorp through a periodical, devoted to this so called physiological medicine, did not meet with success in The Netherlands.     

Trends in cow numbers and culling rate in the Irish cattle population, 2003 to 2006

Cows are the main economic production units of Ireland's cattle industry. Therefore, demographic information, including overall numbers and survival rates, are relevant to the Irish agricultural industry. However, few data are available on the demographics of cows within a national population, either in Ireland or elsewhere, despite the recent development of comprehensive national cattle databases in many EU Member States. This study has sought: to determine the rate of cow culling from the national herd; to determine the rate of culling by type (dairy, beef), age, method of exit, date of exit and interval between last calving and exit; to calculate the national cow on-farm mortality rate; and to compare the Irish rates with published data from other countries. This work was conducted using data recorded in the national Cattle Movement Monitoring System (CMMS). Culling refers to the exit of cows from the national herd, as a result of death but regardless of reason, and cow-culling rate was calculated as the number of cow exits (as defined above) each year divided by the number of calf births in the same year. Culling rate was determined by type (dairy or beef), date of birth, method of exit (slaughter or on-farm death), month of exit and interval between last calving and exit. The average cow-culling rate during 2003 to 2006 was 19.6% (21.3% for dairy, 18% for beef). While comparisons must be treated with caution, it concluded that the overall rates of culling in Ireland fell within published internationally accepted norms. The on-farm mortality rate of 3.2-4.1% was similar to that reported in comparable studies.     

Rupture of the Flexor Metatarsi Muscle in the Horse

Extract

Sir,—The New Zealand Veterinary Journal has built up an excellent reputation during its relatively short life and this reputation should be jealously guarded. I therefore heartily endorse Mr Thornbury's criticisms of a recent article in his letter headed “Enucleation of Corpora Lutea” published in your September issue. Contributions of the calibre of that which drew his criticism reflect little credit on the authors and will hardly enhance the reputation of our Journal.     

Blood values in free-ranging nesting leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) on the coast of the Republic of Gabon.

Leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) are the most endangered of the seven species of sea turtles. The health status of leatherbacks is largely unknown, although the number of nesting females recorded throughout the world has decreased precipitously in the last few decades. Central African beaches may provide one of the last strongholds for nesting leatherback females. In the region, oil extraction and incidental capture pose significant threats to the health of the population. Physical examinations, hematology, plasma biochemistry, plasma corticosterone concentration, plasma protein electrophoresis, plasma vitamin concentrations, and toxicological parameters were evaluated in nesting female leatherbacks in the Republic of Gabon. The general clinical condition of the 35 turtles examined in this study was rated as good. The blood value results for a subset of these turtles are presented and compared to published results from other sea turtles. To the authors' knowledge, these are the first published baseline hematology, plasma biochemistry, and plasma protein electrophoresis values from clinically healthy nesting leatherback turtles.     

Salmonella isolated from animals and feedstuffs in Sweden during 1983-1987.

This survey describes the frequency of Salmonella in animals and feedstuffs isolated in Sweden 1983-1987. Since 1949 National Veterinary Institute (NVI) has published such reports every fifth year. During the period of this report 760 outbreaks of Salmonella were reported in animals. This includes both domestic and wild animals. The corresponding figure for the previous period was 1266 outbreaks. 56 different serovariants were reported, 17 of these were new to Sweden. In cattle and swine there were a decrease of outbreaks. In poultry 86 outbreaks were reported, compared with 220 outbreaks during the previous five-year period. Swedish feed producing plants are checked both voluntary and compulsory, for the presence of Salmonella in raw materials, scrape and dust samples and compound feed. During 1983-1987 a total of 236 strains at Salmonella were isolated. This is the lowest incidence found during the last 15 years. All consignments of feedstuffs of animal origin intended for import to Sweden has to be examined for the presence of Salmonella. During 1983-1987 8.6% of the consignments were positive for Salmonella and were thus not allowed to be used in Sweden.     

基于CNKI的中国兽医药品监察所2015-2019年科技论文计量分析

以中国知网(CNKI)的学术期刊总库为统计源,检索中国兽医药品监察所科技人员在2015-2019年期间发表的学术论文,从论文发文量、基金项目资助来源、发表期刊、合著机构以及论文被引频次等方面进行统计分析后可以看出,中国兽医药品监察所2015-2019年期间发表科研论文的质量持续提升,未来的科研规划可在学科平台建设、人才团队建设等方面继续加强。     

Prolongation of anesthesia with xylazine, ketamine, and guaifenesin in horses: 64 cases (1986-1989)

On 74 occasions, 54 horses and 6 foals were anesthetized with xylazine and ketamine or xylazine, guaifenesin, and ketamine, with or without butorphanol. On 64 occasions, anesthesia was prolonged for up to 70 minutes (34 +/- 15 min) by administration of 1 to 9 supplemental IV injections of xylazine and ketamine at approximately a third the initial dosage. All horses except 5 were positioned in lateral recumbency, and oxygen was insufflated. In adult horses, the time from induction of anesthesia to the first supplemental xylazine and ketamine injection was 13 +/- 4 minutes and the time between supplemental injections was 12.1 +/- 3.7 minutes. These results were consistent with predicted plasma ketamine concentration calculated from previously published pharmacokinetic data for ketamine in horses. Respiratory and heart rates and coccygeal artery pressure remained consistent for the duration of anesthesia. The average interval between the last injection of ketamine and assumption of sternal position was approximately 30 minutes, and was the same regardless of the number of supplemental injections. The time to standing was significantly longer (P less than 0.05) in horses given 2 supplemental injections, compared with those not given any or only given 1, but was not longer in horses given 3 supplemental injections. Recovery was considered unsatisfactory in 5 horses, but did not appear to be related to prolongation of anesthesia.     

Testing the Serving Capacity of Beef Bulls

Sir:- Mr Packard's disappointing reply to my letter shows that he has failed to realise the seriousness of the situation.     

Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered vancomycin in dogs

Vancomycin was administered IV to healthy adult female dogs at a dosage of 15 mg/kg of body weight every 12 hours for 10 days. Pharmacokinetic values were determined after the first and last doses. The disposition of vancomycin was not altered by multiple dosing, and little accumulation attributable to multiple dosing was observed. Serum vancomycin concentration after the first and last dose were described, using a 2-compartment open model with first-order elimination. The distribution and elimination half-lives after the single dose were 15.4 +/- 2.7 minutes and 137 +/- 21.8 minutes (geometric mean +/- pseudo-SD), respectively; whereas the distribution and elimination half-lives after the last dose were 11.3 +/- 2.61 minutes and 104 +/- 11.2 minutes, respectively. The mean (+/- SD) area-derived volume of distribution was 396 +/- 156 ml/kg and 382 +/- 160 ml/kg after the first and last dose, respectively. Serum vancomycin clearance was 2.13 +/- 0.35 ml/min/kg and 2.49 +/- 0.79 ml/min/kg after the first and last dose, respectively, and 25 to 49% of the total dose of vancomycin was recovered in the urine in the first 24 hours after the single dose administered IV. Mean serum vancomycin concentration reached 101.8 +/- 30.6 micrograms/ml and 99.7 +/- 28.0 micrograms/ml at 5 minutes after a single dose and the last of the multiple doses, respectively, and decreased to 0.94 +/- 0.58 microgram/ml and 1.51 +/- 1.44 micrograms/ml, respectively, at 12 hours after administration. The side effects that accompany vancomycin treatment in human beings were not observed in the dogs; all remained healthy through the end of the experiment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

近10年鹿放牧生态研究进展

从鹿的放牧笔为特点,季节动态、生物因素、非生物因素以及劳动生产因素对鹿放笑话地为的影响,鹿放牧对草地植被的影响等方面,总结近１０年来国内外在鹿放牧生态领域的研究进展,并对今后值得研究的方面提出建议。     

近1O年鹿放牧生态研究进展

从鹿的放牧行为特点、季节动态、生物因素(草地植物和其他家畜)、非生物因素以及劳动生产因素(主要是放牧制度)对鹿放牧行为的影响,鹿放牧对草地植被的影响等方面,总结近10年来国内外在鹿放牧生态领域的研究进展.并对今后值得研究的方面提出建议.     

Pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of gentamicin in lactating cows after multiple intramuscular doses are administered

Gentamicin was administered IM to 6 healthy, mature, lactating cows at a dosage of 3.5 or 5 mg/kg of body weight every 8 hours for 10 consecutive days (total, 30 doses). Endometrial biopsies were done at 72, 136 or 144, and 216 hours after the first dose was administered. On the 10th day, just before the last dose of gentamicin was administered, blood samples (designated 10th-day base-line samples) were obtained, and serial blood samples were obtained for 144 hours after the last injection was given. The cows were catheterized on the 10th day, and urine was obtained for 10 to 18 consecutive hours. Milk samples were also obtained. The cows were slaughtered at different times after the last dose was given, and samples were taken from 22 tissues and organs. Serum, milk, urine, and tissue gentamicin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Serum gentamicin concentrations were best fitted to a 2-compartment open model. The mean half-lives for absorption, distribution, and elimination were 0.16 +/- 0.14, 2.59 +/- 0.53, and 44.91 +/- 9.38 hours, respectively. Total body clearance and renal clearance were 1.65 +/- 0.69 and 1.32 +/- 0.25 ml/min/kg, respectively. The percentage of the dose excreted unchanged in the urine at 8 hours after the last dose was given was 98 +/- 15. As expected, of the tissues examined, the gentamicin concentrations in the kidney cortex and medulla were 1,500 times greater than those in serum. Renal function remained within the baseline range during the 10 days of gentamicin treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

末次刈割时间对苜蓿根颈抗氧化系统及抗寒性的影响

为探究不同末次刈割时间对科尔沁沙地生境下紫花苜蓿抗寒性的影响及其与低温冷冻胁迫下抗氧化系统变化的关系,以‘公农1号’紫花苜蓿为材料,于翌年秋季进行不同末次刈割时间处理,越冬前期挖取越冬器官并进行-10,-15,-20,-25和-30℃低温冷冻胁迫处理,以低温冷藏(4℃)为对照,测定紫花苜蓿根颈的相对电导率及丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化,利用相对电导率根据Logistic回归方程计算半致死温度,并对半致死温度与抗氧化特性进行相关分析。结果表明,未刈割和8月25日、9月5日、9月15日、9月25日、10月5日、10月15日、10月25日、11月5日末次刈割的苜蓿半致死温度分别为-18.03、-17.61、-17.03、-16.59、-15.80、-15.82、-16.83、-16.34、-17.12℃;紫花苜蓿根颈的半致死温度与-10℃低温冷冻胁迫条件下的POD活性呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与-20℃低温冷冻胁迫条件下的CAT活性呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与-15、-20、-25℃低温冷冻胁迫条件下...     

中国鹤类动物发生疾病统计分析

依据已有文献资料记载,分析了中国近25a来鹤类动物发生的疾病。丹项鹤、白鹤、黑颈鹤、白枕鹤、灰鹤、蓝鹤、蓑羽鹤、白头鹤,共8种鹤有发病资料,丹项鹤疾病占统计总数的64．12％。营养因素、寄生虫、细菌是引起鹤发病的主要原因,有机磷中毒是造成野生鹤大批死亡的主要原因,球虫病、血液原虫病是造成圈养鹤大批死亡的主要疾病。幼鹤腿部疾病和痛风是主要的营养性疾病,吸虫、球虫、住白细胞原虫是导致发病主要的寄生虫,巴氏杆菌、大肠杆菌是引起发病的主要细菌,有机磷是造成中毒的主要原因,新城疫病毒、马立克病毒、疱疹病毒亦可引起鹤发病。加强饲养管理与合作,改善环境条件,提高饲养人员的业务素质,完善保护法律和落实措施,是减少疾病发生和死亡有效措施。     

Investigation of field outbreaks of turkey haemorrhagic enteritis in Hungary

Epidemiological, pathological, serological and virological investigations are reported on turkey haemorrhagic enteritis virus (THEV) infection in Hungarian turkey flocks. The pathogenesis of infection in experimentally infected turkeys and chickens, as well as the usefulness of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/sequencing method for epidemiological investigation and for the differentiation of vaccine and field strains of THEV was also studied. Since the first recognition of the disease in Hungary in the late 1970s, until recently the disease has been diagnosed sporadically in its mild form. In the last few years (2000-2005), however, the number of outbreaks and the severity of the disease increased (9-23 affected flocks/year). Most of the outbreaks occurred at the age of 6 to 8 weeks and was complicated with Escherichia coli infection. The antibody levels to THEV in turkey flocks gradually declined till 5-7 weeks of age, and then they increased sharply due to natural infection with THEV. The immune response to vaccination (at 5 weeks of age) showed no significant antibody level increase one week postvaccination, but four weeks later the antibody level reached high values and then remained at this high level. The agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test to detect turkey adenovirus A (TAdV-A) antigen and PCR methods for THEV-specific DNA gave similarly positive results if spleens with pathognomonic lesions were tested; however, PCR proved to be more sensitive in cases with less characteristic pathological lesions. Nucleotide sequence alignment of PCR products amplified from Hungarian field strains and the Domermuth vaccine strain and that of the published THEV hexon sequences in GenBank database revealed slight differences between the sequences.     

Canada and Veterinary Parasitology

A World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology tradition for its conference is to present some highlights of the country hosting the event, and with an emphasis on the history of, and research in, veterinary parasitology. A review of Canada's peoples, physiography, climate, natural resources, agriculture, animal populations, pioneers in veterinary parasitology, research accomplishments by other veterinary parasitologists, centres for research in veterinary parasitology, and major current research had been presented at a World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology Conference in Canada in 1987, and was published. The present paper updates the information on the above topics for the 22 years since this conference was last held in Canada.