家兔乳头管灌注脂多糖诱发血清急性期蛋白的动态变化

检测和分析经乳头管灌注脂多糖(LPS)前后家兔血清急性期蛋白含量的动态变化。11只泌乳家兔(产后7d)经乳头管灌注LPS建立乳房炎模型,在灌注前2h,灌注后6、12、24、48、72h和5、7d分别测定血清中结合珠蛋白(HP)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)和白蛋白(ALB)含量,同时取乳腺组织观察病理变化。组织病理学结果显示,灌注LPS后6h后乳腺组织出现病理变化,腺泡腔中观察到嗜中性粒白细胞;灌注24h时组织损伤加重,乳腺组织结构紊乱,浸润大量嗜中性粒白细胞;48h后乳腺组织开始自我修复,7d时恢复正常。灌注LPS前血清中HP含量低于检出限,灌注LPS后6h时HP含量显著升高(P<0.05),12h时达到峰值,48h开始显著降低(P<0.05);CRP含量在灌注LPS后6～72h内显著升高(P<0.05),12h时达到峰值,72h后逐渐降低,5d时恢复到健康水平;ALB含量在灌注LPS后12～72h内显著降低(P<0.05),5d时恢复到健康水平。结果表明,HP、CRP和ALB含量在灌注LPS前后发生了规律性的变化,其中HP含量对LPS诱导的急性乳房炎反应敏感,提示HP可作为评价乳腺组织炎症程度和乳房炎的早期诊断...     

Influence of transportation on serum concentrations of acute phase proteins in horse

The modifications of Haptoglobin (Hp), Serum Amyloid A (SAA), Fibrinogen (Fbg) and White Blood Cells (WBCs) were evaluated in 15 Saddle Italian horses. Ten horses were transported covering a distance of about 320 km within 4 h with an average speed of 80 km/h (experimental group) and five horses were not subject to transportation (control group). Blood was collected via jugular venipuncture before the transportation (T0), immediately after the transportation (T1), 12 (T12), 24 (T24) and 48 (T48)hours after the transportation in experimental group and at the same time point in control group. For each parameter statistical analysis of different groups and sampling time was performed using a two-way analysis of covariance, with the data before the transportation (T0) as the covariate, by the GLM procedure of SAS. For all parameters the interaction (Group × Time) was tested and it was resulted no significant. The application of statistical analysis showed significant differences between the control group and horses subjected to transportation (P<0.01), and the influence of sampling time (P<0.05) on Hp, SAA and WBCs. These modifications appeared to be innovative showing that equine Hp, generally considered as moderate acute phase protein, increases more rapidly than the SAA after transportation-induced stress.     

Changes in serum protein electrophoresis profiles and acute phase proteins in calves with diarrhea

Calf diarrhea leads to substantial economic losses in the livestock industry worldwide due to medical treatment costs, retarded growth performance, and even death. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in serum protein profiles and acute phase proteins in calves with diarrhea and identify the association between these changes and diarrhea. A total of 185 Korean beef calves were used and divided into 3 groups by age: 1 to 10 days (n = 46), 11 to 20 days (n = 65), and 21 to 30 days (n = 74). Blood and fecal samples were collected from each calf. Serum concentrations of total protein, protein fractions (albumin, α1-globulin, α2-globulin, β-globulin, and γ-globulin), haptoglobin (Hp), and serum amyloid A (SAA) were analyzed. Compared to calves without diarrhea, calves with diarrhea had significantly lower albumin concentrations at 11 to 20 days and 21 to 30 days of age (P = 0.017 and P = 0.000, respectively) and significantly higher α1-globulin fractions at 21 to 30 days of age (P = 0.01). Interestingly, α2-globulin fractions were significantly higher in diarrheic calves in all age groups, whereas γ-globulin fractions were significantly lower in calves with diarrhea aged 1 to 10 days, compared with normal animals. In calves with diarrhea, the concentration of Hp was significantly higher, whereas SAA levels were not different between normal and diarrheic calves. In addition, a positive correlation was found between α2-globulin and Hp (P = 0.0004). Taken together, these results provide useful information about the use of serum protein profiles and Hp as prognostic and diagnostic markers for animal health status.     

Temporal changes in concentrations of serum amyloid-A and haptoglobin and their associations with weight gain in neonatal reindeer calves

Age-related changes in serum concentrations of two acute phase proteins (APPs), haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid-A (SAA) were investigated in newborn reindeer calves. Repeated blood samples were obtained from 51 reindeer calves at ages 0-32 days (2-4 samples from each calf). An increase of SAA concentrations was observed during the first 2 weeks of life. However, by the end of the observation period, SAA concentrations had decreased to levels below those of the first week. Serum Hp concentrations increased throughout the observation period. SAA concentrations in the second week had a negative association with weight gain during the entire study period (4 months). These time-related changes in APP concentrations suggest that these proteins have a role in the defence and adaptation mechanisms of newborn reindeer calves. Possible reasons for these changes include the presence of APP mediators in the colostrum, exposure to environmental pathogens after birth and age-related changes in hepatic synthesis of APP.     

Sucking behaviour of hand-reared newborn dairy calves

AIM: To determine the feeding ability of calves during the first 4 days after birth. METHODS: The sucking behaviour of 171 dairy calves, fed from individual bottles during the first 4 days after birth, was evaluated by quantifying the volume of colostrum consumed, the duration of feeding, and speed of drinking. Calves had been separated from their mothers and brought into a rearing shed in the morning, when < 24 h of age, and were offered 2 L colostrum from a bottle in the afternoon of the same day, and twice daily thereafter. RESULTS: Newborn calves became efficient suckers from bottles within 24 h of removal from their dams (collection). On the day after birth, 95% of calves drank the 2 L of colostrum offered during the afternoon feed, and by Day 4 virtually all calves (99%) drank this amount. Calves that had inadequate colostrum from their dam were more likely to drink all 2 L offered after collection, but a small number of calves that had not had colostrum from their dams and drank < 500 ml at the afternoon feed following collection were likely not to drink 2 L on the following days. However, calves that did not drink all 2 L on Day 1 were not disadvantaged in comparison to those that did, in that they were equally likely to drink 2 L on Day 4. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of calves became efficient drinkers within 48 hours of birth, but a small number of slow feeders may need individual feeding at least up to 4 days after birth.     

Sucking behaviour of hand-reared newborn dairy calves

AIM: To determine the feeding ability of calves during the first 4 days after birth.

METHODS: The sucking behaviour of 171 dairy calves, fed from individual bottles during the first 4 days after birth, was evaluated by quantifying the volume of colostrum consumed, the duration of feeding, and speed of drinking. Calves had been separated from their mothers and brought into a rearing shed in the morning, when <24 h of age, and were offered 2 L colostrum from a bottle in the afternoon of the same day, and twice daily thereafter.

RESULTS: Newborn calves became efficient suckers from bottles within 24 h of removal from their dams (collection). On the day after birth, 95% of calves drank the 2 L of colostrum offered during the afternoon feed, and by Day 4 virtually all calves (99%) drank this amount. Calves that had inadequate colostrum from their dam were more likely to drink all 2 L offered after collection, but a small number of calves that had not had colostrum from their dams and drank <500 ml at the afternoon feed following collection were likely not to drink 2 L on the following days. However, calves that did not drink all 2 L on Day 1 were not disadvantaged in comparison to those that did, in that they were equally likely to drink 2 L on Day 4.

CONCLUSIONS: The majority of calves became efficient drinkers within 48 hours of birth, but a small number of slow feeders may need individual feeding at least up to 4 days after birth.     

Observations on colostral intake in newborn dairy calves

Extract

Neonatal diseases of calves cause a significant loss to the dairy and dairy-beef industries, and the influence of passive immunity derived from colostral transfer on mortality and morbidity is widely recognised⁽¹⁾.     

Serum concentrations of acute phase proteins in dogs with leishmaniasis

The concentrations of haptoglobin, C-reactive protein and ceruloplasmin were measured in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum, and in healthy uninfected dogs to determine the potential value of these proteins for the diagnosis and prognosis of leishmaniasis. The concentrations of the acute phase proteins were significantly higher in the dogs with leishmaniasis than in the control dogs, and the concentration of C-reactive protein was significantly higher in the symptomatic dogs than in the asymptomatic dogs. There were no correlations between the acute phase proteins and the gamma globulins, the albumin/globulin ratio or the titre of anti-leishmanial antibodies.     

Postnatal changes in lymphocyte function of dairy calves

Lymphocyte blastogenic response, B-lymphocyte population and antibody-producing activity of lymphocytes were determined to evaluate the lymphocyte function in neonatal calves during the first 4 weeks of life. The mean percentage of B-lymphocytes ranged from 10.2 to 12.5% during the first 14 days of life and from 15.3 to 17.5% in calves from the day 21 to day 28 after birth. The absolute number of B-lymphocytes increased significantly (P less than 0.05) from 370/microliters at birth to 736/microliters on day 28 after birth. The mean stimulation index of blastogenic response, measured by fluorometric assay, ranged from 5.75 to 6.61 with Con A, from 5.29 to 5.98 with PHA and from 1.89 to 2.50 with PWM. The mean (+/- S.D.) number of plaque forming cells ranged from 22.0 (+/- 12.0) to 24.7 (+/- 9.2) in cultured lymphocytes from 5 calves at birth to 14 days after birth and their levels increased markedly from 137.8 (+/- 88.3) to 162.0 (+/- 57.8) in lymphocytes from 20 days to 28 days after birth. The present study showed that antibody-producing activity of lymphocytes is lower in calves within 3 weeks after birth compared to that of calves 3 weeks after birth, indicating that neonatal calf lymphocytes have a low antibody-producing activity at least up to 1 month after birth.     

Influence of colostral quality on serum proteins in dairy calves raised in smallholder farms in Thailand

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of colostral quality on serum proteins in calves. Samples were collected from visited farms in Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital at Kamphaeng Saen and Nong Pho Animal Hospital. In total, 35 dairy farms contributed 80 dams and calves’ samples. Colostrum samples from 80 dairy cows and blood samples from their calves were taken to evaluate colostral immunoglobulins (Ig) and immunoglobulin G (IgG), and calf serum protein and IgG. Total colostral Ig, colostral and serum IgG, and serum protein were measured by a colostrometer, single radial immunodiffusion, and refractrometer, respectively. Immunoglobulin G and serum protein concentrations increased in the 1st day after birth, and maximum concentrations were seen in the 2nd day and then decreased in the 7th and 14th days. Average?±?SD total colostral IgG concentrations at calving date and at 1 and 2 days after calving were 93.85?±?33.89, 37.11?±?23.51, and 17.23?±?9.4 mg/mL, respectively. The profile of total Ig and IgG concentrations in colostrum had a similar pattern, with the maximum concentrations obtained in calving date and rapidly decreased thereafter. Low IgG concentrations were seen in the 7th and 14th day after calving. The calves that were fed with high quality colostrum had higher serum protein at 1 day of age, 7.49?±?1.01 g/dL, than calves fed with low quality colostrum, 6.40?±?0.86 g/dL (P?<?0.01). The increase in serum protein after first colostrum feeding of high and low quality colostrum was 1.55?±?1.07 and 0.81?±?0.69 g/dL, respectively (P?=?0.02).     

Serum enzyme changes in newborn calves fed colostrum

In 10 newborn Holstein calves, which were initially bottle-fed on pooled colostrum, there were transient increases in several serum enzymes. Within a few hours, the mean serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (gammaGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities increased 62.5, 2.4, 2.0, 1.8 and 1.3 fold, respectively. In two other calves given initial feeds of enzyme-free pasteurized milk, there were similar increases in serum enzymes, except serum gammaGT. Correct interpretation of serum enzyme activities in newborn calves must take into account the normal increases which occur after feeding colostrum. Serum gammaGT was the only enzyme to increase markedly as a result of its absorption from colostrum. The other serum enzymes are presumably released from the tissues of the calf. The increased activities of serum CK observed in some newborn calves probably resulted from trauma during birth or increased muscular activity after birth.     

Critical differences of acute phase proteins in canine serum samples

The critical difference values for acute phase proteins in canine serum samples were established on a week-to-week basis. Blood samples from 11 apparently clinically healthy dogs were collected once weekly for five consecutive weeks. For each protein the total variance of analytical results was divided into intraindividual variance (S(Intra)(2)), interindividual variance (S(Inter)(2)), and analytical variance (S(Analytical)(2)). The critical difference (d(K)) was then calculated as d(k)=22(S(Intra)(2)+S(Analytical)(2)). The critical difference values were 1.95 g/L for haptoglobin, 4.85 mg/L for C-reactive protein, and 0.016 DeltaAbs/min for ceruloplasmin. When used in conjunction with the corresponding reference interval, critical difference values can be an aid in correctly interpreting acute phase protein results, by determining whether observed differences between two consecutive measurements in individual animals are due to natural variation or due to disease therapy or experimental procedures.     

Association of bovine respiratory disease with clinical status and acute phase proteins in calves

Eighty-four calves with respiratory disease from 18 herds in different parts of Finland were chosen for a study evaluating the capacity of different respiratory pathogens to cause changes in different acute phase protein concentrations, white blood cell (WBC) count and clinical signs. The selected acute phase proteins were fibrinogen, haptoglobin, serum amyloid-A, lipopolysaccharide binding protein and alpha1-acid glycoprotein. From each calf, a paired blood sample was obtained for serological studies of bovine parainfluenza virus-3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine coronavirus, bovine adenovirus-3 and bovine adenovirus-7. Tracheobronchial lavage was performed to detect bacteria and mycoplasma. Isolation of Pasteurella multocida was associated with increased concentrations of all tested acute phase proteins. For other pathogens, no significant relationships were observed. No association was present between viral or bacterial findings and WBC count.     

Acute phase proteins in serum and milk from dairy cows with clinical mastitis

The serum concentrations of haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and alpha1 acid glycoprotein were determined in serum collected from healthy dairy cows and cows with clinical mastitis, graded as mild (clots in milk) or moderate (clots in milk and visible signs of inflammation in the mammary gland/s) to assess their relative diagnostic value in detecting the disease. The concentrations of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A were also measured in milk collected from infected and uninfected quarters. The concentrations of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A were higher in the serum and milk from the cows with mild or moderate mastitis. The diagnostic value of haptoglobin in differentiating between healthy animals and those with mastitis gave sensitivities and specificities of 82 per cent and 94 per cent respectively with serum and 86 per cent and 100 per cent with milk. The diagnostic value of serum amyloid A in differentiating between healthy animals and those with mastitis gave sensitivities and specificities of 83 per cent and 90 per cent with serum and 93 per cent and 100 per cent with milk. The diagnostic value of serum alpha1 acid glycoprotein in differentiating between healthy animals and those with mastitis gave sensitivities and specificities of 62 per cent and 91 per cent.     

Frequency of detectable serum IgG concentrations in precolostral calves

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of detectable serum IgG concentrations in calves prior to ingestion of colostrum and to assess whether a detectable IgG concentration was related to dam parity, calf birth weight, calf sex, season of calving, or infectious agents that can be transmitted transplacentally. ANIMALS: 170 Holstein dairy calves. PROCEDURES: Serum samples were obtained from calves prior to ingestion of colostrum, and serologic testing for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and Neospora caninum was performed. Relative risk, attributable risk, population attributable risk, and population attributable fraction for calves with a detectable serum IgG concentration attributable to positive results for N caninum and BVDV serologic testing were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether dam parity, calf sex, season of calving, and calf weight were associated with precolostral IgG concentration. RESULTS: 90 (52.9%) calves had a detectable total serum IgG concentration (IgG >or= 16 mg/dL). Relative risk, attributable risk, population attributable risk, and population attributable fraction for calves with a detectable serum IgG concentration attributable to positive results for N caninum serologic testing were 1.66, 0.34, 0.014, and 0.03, respectively. Calf sex, calf birth weight, and season of calving were not significant predictors for detection of serum IgG in precolostral samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Prevalence of IgG concentrations in precolostral serum samples was higher than reported elsewhere. There was no apparent link between serum antibodies against common infectious agents that can be transmitted transplacentally and detection of measurable serum IgG concentrations.