翠冠梨套袋对果实品质的影响研究进展

综述了翠冠梨品种套袋技术研究进展,包括果实套袋后的微域环境效应,套袋对果实的外观品质、内在品质、耐贮藏性等性状的影响,套不同果袋对果实品质的不同效果,展示了梨免套袋栽培的方向,为翠冠梨套袋生产中果袋的选择及应用提供指导。     

CPPU对夏黑葡萄果实生长的影响

以夏黑葡萄为试材,于盛花期和花后2周分别使用CPPU 0、2、5、10 mg/L+ GA3 50 mg/L处理,研究不同时期不同浓度的CPPU对夏黑葡萄果实生长发育的影响.结果表明,盛花期添加CPPU 10 mg/L,花后2周添加CPPU 2 mg/L对夏黑葡萄膨大的效果最显著,其单粒重为对照的141.78％;当2次处理的CPPU总浓度达到15 mg/L及以上时,对夏黑葡萄果实膨大的效果减弱.在葡萄果实生长发育过程中,CPPU能有效延长夏黑葡萄果实的快速生长期,此外,使用不同浓度CPPU处理均降低了可溶性固形物含量,升高了可滴定酸含量.     

不同授粉品种对翠冠梨果实品质的影响

为研究苏州地区不同授粉品种对翠冠梨果实品质的影响,选用苏南地区最常见的4个授粉品种喜水、初夏绿、鸭梨、清香对生长健壮、盛果期的翠冠梨树进行人工授粉,测定了不同授粉组合的果实内外在品质等几个主要指标。结果表明,杂交果在单果重、纵径、横径、硬度、可溶性固形物、果酸含量、石细胞、果形指数等方面,以清香梨授粉的杂交果表现最优良。综合考虑认为,清香梨是苏州地区翠冠梨最适宜授粉品种。     

套袋对翠冠梨果实氨基酸含量及品质的影响

翠冠梨属沙梨系统品种,果个大,肉质细嫩松脆、味甜、汁多、品质上等,果实于7月上旬成熟,深受消费者欢迎,已经成为南方主栽梨品种之一[1].     

早优宝对翠冠梨果实品质的影响

<正>早优宝是新研制的植物生长调节剂,主要成分为赤霉素S复合植物内源生长调节剂。翠冠是江苏省南部地区主栽的梨早熟品种,该品种果肉细嫩、酥脆,汁液多,风味甜,品质上乘。翠冠在南京市8月初上市,此时正值水果上市淡季,迎合消费者的需求,售价高,但该品种果实发育期短,果实发育期正值梅雨季节,日照不足,使得单果重偏小,商品性降低,这已经成为翠冠梨产区急需解决的问题。国内就早优宝对梨果实品质等方面的影响研究已有一些报道,笔者在研究早优宝对早熟梨果实品质及货架期影响基础上,进一步研究、分析了早优宝对翠冠梨果实外观和食用品质的影响,以期为早优宝在生产上推广应用提供理论参考。     

套袋对翠冠梨果实品质和矿质营养的影响

研究普通双层袋和小林1-KK双层袋对翠冠梨果实品质和矿质营养的影响。结果表明:两种套袋均能改善翠冠梨果实外观,提高果实综合品质和商品性,以小林1-KK双层袋效果最为明显;套袋后,果实氮、钙、镁含量有一定程度下降,尤以小林袋套袋最为突出;套袋后矿质营养的下降并不直接影响翠冠梨果实品质。     

不同果袋对翠冠梨品质影响试验

鄞县是浙江省翠冠梨规模栽培的重点地区 ,到2 0 0 0年 ,全县翠冠梨面积已达到 5 5 0ｈｍ2 。为筛选出价廉物美的翠冠梨专用果袋 ,特开展本试验。1　材料与方法　　供试纸袋有浙江省富阳书画纸厂提供的“春江”牌外层黄褐色、内层黑色的双层果袋 (该纸袋的生产木浆由加拿大进口 ,以下简称富阳袋 ) ,宁波台逸农业有限公司提供的台湾产内层黑色的双层“好果”袋 (以下简称好果袋 )。试验于 2 0 0 0年 5月分别在集仕港镇四明山果园、五乡镇钟国芳梨园和咸祥镇舒佳松梨园同期进行。四明山果园 ,翠冠梨 6年生 ,管理一般 ,山地砾质黄壤土 ,ｐＨ5 8…     

CPPU对苦瓜果实生长和单性结实的效应

以开化长白苦瓜为材料,研究了ＣＰＰＵ对苦瓜果料生长的影响及ＣＰＰＵ对苦瓜单性结实的诱导作用。结果表明,１０￣５０ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＣＰＰＵ液在开花当开处理可以促进苦瓜果料的生长,２０ｍｇ／Ｌ处理效果最明显,而高浓度（１００ｍｇ／Ｌ）处理则抑制果实的长生;５０ｍｇ／Ｌ处理能诱导苦瓜单性结实的提高座果率。     

套袋对梨果实品质的影响

用膜袋、膜袋加双层纸袋、带膜纸袋、双层纸袋和蜡袋，对黄金梨等5个品种进行套袋试验。结果表明，套袋能显著减少果锈的发生，明显改善果实外观，但果实可溶性固形物含量下降，品质有所降低。对极易发生果锈的黄金、翠冠等绿皮梨品种，宜选用膜袋加双层纸袋或用带膜纸袋，以减少果锈，提高其商品性；对果锈少的圆黄、华山、爱甘水等褐皮梨品种，宜选用双层纸袋或蜡袋，避免果实品质明显下降。     

GA3和CPPU对维纳斯葡萄果实生长的影响

维纳斯 (Ｖｅｎｕｓ) ,为欧美杂种无核葡萄品种。自引种我国以来 ,表现出成熟早、着色好、适应性强等优点 ,在我国南方地区具有很好的发展前景。但由于其果粒偏小 (一般 3ｇ左右 ) ,使其商品性和规模发展受到限制。ＧＡ3和ＣＰＰＵ在多种无核葡萄品种果实的大粒化上有较为广泛的应用 ,本文拟通过试验找到用ＧＡ3和ＣＰＰＵ对维纳斯葡萄进行处理的最佳方案。1　材料与方法1 1　材料　试验在南京农业大学牌楼果园葡萄品种园进行。维纳斯葡萄树势中上 ,篱棚架 ,株行距2ｍ× 3ｍ。选择长势相近的植株和果穗作为试材。1 2　方法　设 7个处理 :Ａ …     

Effects of CPPU on fruit set and fruit growth in Japanese persimmon

The effects of hand-pollination and spraying with N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU) on fruit set and fruit growth of ‘Matsumoto-Wase-Fuyu’, which is a member of the pollination-constant, non-astringent group of persimmons (PCNA) were investigated. Staminate flowers of pollinizers in the orchard were eliminated before anthesis. Hand-pollination was carried out at full bloom (FB). Without prior hand-pollination, CPPU at 5 or 10 mg 1⁻¹ was sprayed 11 days after FB. Hand-pollination and spraying with CPPU increased fruit set before thinning of fruits by hand. The number of fruits after thinning did not differ among treatments. The yield of marketable fruits after hand-pollination was similar to that after treatment at 5 mg 1⁻¹, but was higher than that for untreated trees. Formation of a sunken fruit apex, which was observed in about 30% of fruits from untreated trees, was suppressed by application of CPPU. CPPU also delayed coloration of fruit. There were no differences among treatments in firmness or soluble solids concentrations of marketable fruits.     

套袋对翠冠梨果皮特征及品质的影响

翠冠为南方主栽梨品种之一,自然生长状况下果面极易形成锈斑,严重影响其外观品质。通过对翠冠梨进行不同类型果袋的套袋处理,系统定量研究了套袋条件下果皮的形态特征、果实外观和内在品质的变化。结果表明,套袋处理显著提高了无绣果和少绣果的比率,增加了果面亮度,改善了果实外观色泽,减小了果点直径,减淡了果点色泽。在电子显微镜下可清晰看到套袋使果面光洁平滑,龟裂程度远小于未套袋果面。套袋处理普遍降低了果实可溶性固形物含量;不透光袋显著提高了果肉石细胞含量。在外观品质改善上以双层透光蜡纸袋效果最好。研究结果将有助于今后对翠冠梨果实袋的正确选择和使用。     

梨2个品种果实发育期间内源激素含量的变化

针对不同梨品种果实生长发育历程不同,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术测定了早蜜梨和黄金梨果实发育期间果肉和种子中内源生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)、脱落酸(ABA)和玉米素(ZT),以及内源腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)、精胺(Spm)含量的变化。结果表明,1)2品种果肉中IAA、GA3、ABA和ZT含量变化趋势相似,但早蜜梨IAA、GA3含量低于黄金梨,果实发育后期ABA含量高于黄金梨,且提前20d达到含量高峰;2)2品种种子中GA3含量变化分别呈近似单峰曲线和双峰曲线,但早蜜梨IAA、ZT含量高于黄金梨,提前30d达到ABA含量高峰;3)2品种果肉和种子中Put、Spd、Spm含量变化趋势相似,但早蜜梨种子中Put含量低于黄金梨,Spd略高,Spm含量接近。在果实发育前期果肉中Put、Spd含量高于黄金梨。因此,2品种果实发育的各个时期持续时间及其内源激素含量不同。     

应用CPPU增大辽伏苹果果实的效应研究

在盛花后２周和３周，以不同浓度的ＣＰＰＵ［Ｎ－（２－ｃｈｌｏｒｏ－４－ｐｙｒｉｄｙ）－Ｎ＇－ｐｈｅｎｙｌｕｒｅａ，通用名称Ｆｏｒｃｈｌｏｒｏｆｅｎｕｒｏｎ］对辽伏苹果果实进行表面喷雾处理，结果表明：２０、４０ｍｇ·１￣（－１）ＣＰＰＵ能促进果实纵径和横径增长，并明显提高单果重、果形指数和可食率。对果实可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的影响则因处理时期和使用浓度而异。盛花后２周使用降低可溶性固形物含量，４０ｍｇ·１￣（－１）ＣＰＰＵ处理增大果点和提高果实畸形率。而盛花后３周果面喷布２０ｍｇ·１—（－１）ＣＰＰＵ可以增大辽伏苹果果实２０％左右，对果实品质和花芽分化无不良影响。     

溶菌酶对丰水梨果实贮藏保鲜效果的影响

以成熟的丰水梨果实为材料,研究了常温条件下0.01%、0.05%和0.15%溶菌酶涂膜处理对丰水梨果实采后生理及保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,贮藏20d后,溶菌酶处理能显著降低果实的失重率、烂果率和呼吸强度,平均比对照分别降低了35%、19.8%和12.2%;溶菌酶处理能有效维持丰水梨果实的内在品质,经溶菌酶处理的丰水梨果实硬度、抗坏血酸(VC)含量平均比对照分别高出0.47kg/cm2和3.5mg/kg,可滴定酸和还原糖含量平均比对照分别高6.6%和9.8%;溶菌酶处理在一定程度上抑制了果实膜透性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的增加,显著抑制了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的降低,贮藏20d后,SOD、CAT活性平均比对照分别高57.1%、37.1%。在3种溶菌酶浓度中,以0.05%浓度溶菌酶涂膜处理效果最好。     

不同果袋对砀山酥梨果实品质的影响

选用了18种不同果袋对砀山酥梨果实进行套袋试验,结果表明,套袋后砀山酥梨果实的硬度、可滴定酸含量比对照显著增大;可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖含量以及单果重均显著降低,平均比对照分别降低10.57%,11.74%,27.96%;套袋梨果的石细胞含量比对照降低10%～52.7%;套三层果袋的果实内在品质比套双层果袋和单层果袋果实的内在品质降低更显著;套袋对果实光洁度和果点等外观品质明显改善,三层果袋和双层果袋效果显著优于单层果袋。     

梨杂种果质量、耐贮性及果心大小的遗传倾向

果实大小、耐贮性及果心大小等是重要的梨果实性状。以龙香×早酥等4个组合的杂种后代为试材,研究梨在果重、耐贮性、果心大小等方面的果实性状遗传倾向。结果表明:梨的果重是受多基因控制的数量性状,杂种后代表现广泛的连续性偏小分布。基因效应为积加效应,并含有较大的非加性效应。梨后代果实的耐贮性呈明显的偏小分布,集中分布于30d以内,但有耐贮株系出现。梨后代果心大小遗传与组合类型有关,小果心出现的比例从高到低的组合类型依次为:小×小、小×中、大×中。     

花粉直感对京白梨品质的影响

为研究京白梨生产中花粉直感与所出现的品质退化现象的关系,试验选用11个梨品种为授粉品种,以生长势健壮、结果盛期的京白梨为母本进行人工授粉,测定了不同授粉组合的坐果率、成熟种子数、果实外在品质及内在品质等几个主要指标。结果表明:京白梨果实在坐果率、成熟种子数、单果重、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物等方面表现明显的花粉直感现象,而在果形指数、可食用部分表现不明显。成熟种子数与可滴定酸显著相关,表明花粉可通过种子对果实品质产生一定影响。京白梨最适宜的授粉品种是白梨系统的鸭梨、金水2号、中梨2号和七月酥。     

翠冠与玉冠梨果实发育过程中色素、糖、酸累积特性研究

为进一步明确不同皮色梨品种果实色素、内在品质成分的变化特性,以褐皮梨新品系玉冠与绿皮梨品种翠冠为试材,测定了果实发育进程中纵横径、果皮与果肉色素含量的动态变化,以及在成熟至采收期间,可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、糖含量的变化特性。结果显示,2品种果实发育均呈"S"型曲线动态变化,果皮与果肉总叶绿素与类胡萝卜素含量及在测定期间的动态变化规律亦无显著差异。在成熟前14d至采收,果实生长趋缓,糖、酸含量急剧变化,2品种表现出各自特点,生产上应针对不同品种的内在品质形成特性,适期采收。     

不同产区玉露香梨果实品质特性综合分析北大核心CSCD

【Objective】In order to determine the suitability of geological locations and climatic conditions for production of Yuluxiang pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehder‘Yuluxiang’) with excellent fruit quality, we measured the fruit quality components such as fruit color, contents of anthocyanin and chlorophyll, firmness, soluble solid content (SSC), total soluble sugar content (TSSC) and titratable acid content (TAC) of Yuluxiang fruit from five locations with different geographical and climatic conditions in northern China.【Methods】The five locations for Yuluxiang pear production included Xi County, Fenxi County and Ruicheng County in Shanxi Province, Haidian District in Beijing and the 33rd Agricultural Production Regiment in Xinjiang were selected as experimental sites. A representative orchard in each of these sites was then selected for the experiment from 2020 to 2022. Climatic and geographical conditions including average altitude, average annual temperature, average diurnal temperature difference during the fruit color development, average annual sunshine duration and frost-free period were investigated in each of these orchards. The experimental Yuluxiang pear trees in each of these orchards were 8 to 10 years old and the tree canopy was in the free-spindle shape. All the orchards were with loam soil and manual fertilizer applied annually in the fall, and managed under the common production practice. There were 3 trees in the experimental unit in each orchard. Four representative fruit at harvest maturity were collected at a height of 1.0-2.5 m in the outer canopy from each of the trees to measure the fruit quality components. The experiment was replicated 3 times in each orchard. Fruit color was measured using the photoshop CS6 to read the Lab color degree (L*, a*, b*) on the fruit photograph and the h°= arccot (a*/b*)×180/π was used for the hue. Anthocyanin in the fruit peel was extracted using the HCl method and chlorophylls were extracted in 80% acetone. Ratio of the anthocyanin content to chlorophyll content was then determined. Fruit firmness in the flesh was determined using a FT327 pressure tester and the soluble solid content was measured with a PAL-1 reflectormeter. Total soluble sugar content and titratable acid content were determined using the anthrone colorimetry and the acid-base titration methods, respectively. Ratio of the sugar to acid was then calculated. Statistical software DPS7.05 was used for ANOVA, regression, cluster, and principal component analyses of the resulting data.【Results】Compared to those from Ruicheng County and Haidian District orchards, pear fruits from Xi County, Fenxi County and the 33rd Agricultural Production Regiment orchards looked more shiny with greater redness and yellowness in the surface, and in addition, the fruit anthocyanin contents were over 2-fold higher and the chlorophyll contents were 12%-21% lower. The fruit firmness from the 33rd Agricultural Production Regiment was the highest among those from all the five experimental orchards. The soluble solid content of fruit from the five experimental orchards were in the following order: the 33rd Agricultural Production Regiment (14.4%)＞Fenxi County (12.2%)＞Xi County (12.1%)＞Ruicheng County (10.9%)＞Haidian District (10.6%). Total soluble sugar content of fruit from the 5 experimental orchards was in the order of the 33rd Agricultural Production Regiment (12.2 g · 100 g-1)＞Xi County (10.4 g·100 g-1)＞Fenxi County (10.3 g·100 g-1)＞Ruicheng County (9.1 g·100 g-1)＞Haidian District (8.6 g·100 g-1). Fruit titratable acid content from the Xi County and Fenxi County orchards were 7%-10% greater than those from the rest of the orchards. The fruit redness was positively correlated with the altitude of the orchard-site, average diurnal temperature difference during the fruit color development, and average annual temperature. Fruit SSC or TSSC were positively correlated with the average diurnal temperature difference during the fruit- color development and average annual sunshine duration. Cluster analysis revealed that fruits from Xi County and Fenxi County orchards were in the same cluster with greater level of SSC, TSSC and TAC, and reduced firmness. Fruits from the 33rd Agricultural Production Regiment orchards were also in the same cluster but with less TAC. Fruits from orchards in Ruicheng County and Haidian District were in the same cluster with lower level of SSC and TSSC.【Conclusion】When the average altitude of the production orchard was in the range of 900-1100 m, and the average diurnal temperature difference was from 13 to 15 ℃, the excellent fruit quality of Yuluxiang pear was fully reached, whereas in the orchards with an average altitude below 400 m above sea-level, it was not suitable for production of this pear cultivar. Therefore, geographical and climatic conditions determined the suitability of the production of high-quality Yuluxiang pear. © 2023 Journal of Fruit Science. All rights reserved.