共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Methylation as a crucial step in plant microRNA biogenesis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yu B Yang Z Li J Minakhina S Yang M Padgett RW Steward R Chen X 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5711):932-935
Methylation on the base or the ribose is prevalent in eukaryotic ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and is thought to be crucial for ribosome biogenesis and function. Artificially introduced 2'-O-methyl groups in small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can stabilize siRNAs in serum without affecting their activities in RNA interference in mammalian cells. Here, we show that plant microRNAs (miRNAs) have a naturally occurring methyl group on the ribose of the last nucleotide. Whereas methylation of rRNAs depends on guide RNAs, the methyltransferase protein HEN1 is sufficient to methylate miRNA/miRNA* duplexes. Our studies uncover a new and crucial step in plant miRNA biogenesis and have profound implications in the function of miRNAs. 相似文献
2.
microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in numerous developmental and metabolic processes in plants and animals. The steady-state levels of miRNAs need to be properly controlled to ensure normal development. Whereas the framework of miRNA biogenesis is established, factors involved in miRNA degradation remain unknown. Here, we show that a family of exoribonucleases encoded by the SMALL RNA DEGRADING NUCLEASE (SDN) genes degrades mature miRNAs in Arabidopsis. SDN1 acts specifically on single-stranded miRNAs in vitro and is sensitive to the 2'-O-methyl modification on the 3' terminal ribose of miRNAs. Simultaneous knockdown of three SDN genes in vivo results in elevated miRNA levels and pleiotropic developmental defects. Therefore, we have uncovered the enzymes that degrade miRNAs and demonstrated that miRNA turnover is crucial for plant development. 相似文献
3.
真核细胞中存在大量的非编码RNA,~22nt的小RNA是其中一类非常重要的调控RNA,主要包括siRNA和miRNA两种类型,二者均由类似RNaseⅢ的核酸内切酶一Dicer加工产生,随后进入沉默复合体抑制靶基因表达。miRNA分子与siRNA类似,但miRNA的前体在基因组上具有独立的转录单位,可自身折叠成发卡结构,其靶基因主要是与器官发生及生长发育相关的转录因子以及调控蛋白。miRNA在生物生长发育的各个时期都扮演着重要的角色,调控许多重要的生物途径,处于基因调控网络的核心位置。 相似文献
4.
Selective blockade of microRNA processing by Lin28 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
5.
microRNA(miRNA)是一类内源性表达的在转录后基因调控中发挥重要作用的小分子非编码RNA。在动植物细胞中,miRNA通过翻译抑制和靶mRNA去稳定性来调控靶基因,从而调控生长、发育、分化、死亡等生物过程。综述了miRNA的发现、形成、特点及调控机制。 相似文献
6.
7.
植物miRNA的生物学特性及在环境胁迫中的作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类在生物体内普遍存在的非编码、长度约为21 nt的小RNA分子,一般由内源基因编码,RNA聚合酶Ⅱ转录后,经过Dicer-Like酶等一系列的蛋白复合物将pre-miRNA(precursor miRNA)剪切成成熟miRNA,在转录及转录后水平介导靶mRNA转录沉默、降解或翻译抑制来调控基因的表达,是真核细胞基因表达的重要调控因子。第一个miRNA是在秀丽隐杆线虫(C.elegans)中发现的lin-4,与lin-14 mRNA 3′UTR的碱基序列部分互补,降解lin-14,从而抑制lin-14的表达。lin-4对靶基因lin-14的调控与线虫的生长发育密切相关。而第一个发现的植物miRNA是拟南芥mi R171,它靶向剪切编码基因Scarecrow-Like(SCL)家族的mRNA,调控其基因的表达,进而影响植物的生长发育。植物部分miRNA,如mi R156—mi R408在各植物物种中相对保守,而mi R408以后的miRNA具有物种特异性。植物在生长过程中会遭遇诸多不可预知(如同盐碱、干旱、重金属以及害虫和病原菌的侵扰等)的环境胁迫。固着生长的特性使得植物不能像动物那样通过移动来避免不利环境的影响,因此,需要自身特殊机制来应对这些环境胁迫。植物在长期逆境中已进化出极为精细复杂的生理和分子机制。miRNA与它作用的靶基因是响应环境胁迫的主要调控因子。miRNA参与了植物的生长发育、信号转导、蛋白质降解、营养胁迫、抗病原菌的入侵以及适应高盐和干旱等逆境胁迫过程,对于调节内源抗性基因表达具有一定意义。目前通过高通量测序、实时定量PCR检测和转基因等技术已经发现了很多与环境胁迫相关的miRNA,它们在逆境胁迫下的表达呈现显著差异性;miRNA的过表达植株经逆境胁迫处理可能表现出一定的抗逆或敏感性。同一家族的miRNA不同成员在响应环境胁迫时具有物种特异性。新疆地区是典型的大陆性干旱气候,降水量少,盐碱荒漠化地区多。在这样严酷的环境中顽强生存着许多盐生旱生类植物,这些植物的miRNA如何在逆境中发挥调控作用,依然需要更深入的探索。本文主要综述了现阶段植物miRNA生物合成、与靶基因作用方式、生物功能以及不同环境胁迫下对miRNA和作用的靶基因影响等方面的研究进展,以便更好地利用miRNA依据的生物技术开展研究和应用转化。 相似文献
8.
Nuclear export of microRNA precursors 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
9.
10.
11.
MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类内源性的、长度约18~24 nt、非编码、单链小RNA分子,miRNA广泛存在于各种动植物体内,并参与基因表达的调控。随着植物miRNA研究的不断发展,越来越多的miRNA被证实在不同的非生物逆境下具有重要的调控作用,例如营养胁迫、低温胁迫、机械胁迫等。该文综述了植物miRNA的合成、miRNA及其靶基因的鉴定方法,并重点介绍了非生物逆境相关miRNA的表达分析方法、逆境条件下miRNA的调控特征及其靶基因特点等。 相似文献
12.
DAI Chen ZHANG Yan-ming ZHANG Qian WU Zong-song DENG Wen ZHANG Xu GUO Kang-kang TANG Qing-hai HOU Bo 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2011,10(9):1467-1474
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous ∼22 nt RNAs that play important regulatory roles in targeting mRNAs for cleavage or translational repression. Despite the discovery of increasing numbers of human and mouse miRNAs, little is known about miRNAs from pig. In this study, we sought to extend the repertoire of porcine small regulatory RNAs using Solexa sequencing. We sequenced a library of small RNAs prepared from immortalized swine umbilical vein endothelial cells (SUVECs). We produced over 13.6 million short sequence reads, of which 8547658 perfectly mapped to the pig genome. A bioinformatics pipeline was used to identify authentic mature miRNA sequences. We identified 154 porcine miRNA genes, among which 146 were conserved across species, and 8 were pig-specific miRNA genes. The 146 miRNA genes encoded 116 conserved mature miRNAs and 66 miRNA*. The 8 pig-specific miRNA genes encoded 4 mature miRNAs. Four potential novel miRNAs were identified. The secondary structures of the 154 miRNA genes were predicted; 13 miRNAs have 2 structures, and miR-9 and miR-199 have 4 and 3 structures, respectively. 36 miRNAs were organized into 19 compact clusters. miR-206, miR-21 and miR-378 were the relatively highly expressed miRNAs. In conclusion, Solexa sequencing allowed the successful discovery of known and novel porcine miRNAs with high accuracy and efficiency. Furthermore, our results supply new data to the somewhat insufficient pig miRBase, and are useful for investigating features of the blood-brain barrier, vascular diseases and inflammation. 相似文献
13.
捻转血矛线虫丙硫咪唑敏感虫株和耐药虫株miRNA-mRNA关联比较分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
旨在比较分析捻转血矛线虫敏感虫株和耐药虫株miRNA表达谱,探讨miRNA与捻转血矛线虫丙硫咪唑耐药性相关基因之间的调控机制.运用Illumina Hiseq2000平台进行测序并进行eDNA文库的构建,利用RNAhybrid、Miranda和TargetScan对测序得到的数据进行靶基因预测,并取交集作为miRNA的... 相似文献
14.
MicroRNA是一类广泛存在于动植物中长约21 nt的非编码小分子RNA,主要通过内切核苷酸或者翻译抑制调节基因转录后表达。植物MicroRNA在植物的生长发育、开花时序、新陈代谢及环境胁迫等方面起重要作用。简述了植物MicroRNA的生物发生、作用机制及调控功能,并在此基础上综述了高通量测序技术在植物MicroRNA研究中的最新应用进展。 相似文献
15.
16.
Argonaute2 (Ago2)蛋白是RNA诱导沉默复合体(RNA-induced silencing complex、RISC)的核心元件,不仅在miRNA/siRNA通路中促使靶mRNA降解或抑制其蛋白质翻译,调节miRNAs生物合成和成熟,对生物生长发育、干细胞分化和肿瘤形成等有密切关系. 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
20.
Genome-wide characterization of miRNA and siRNA pathways in the parasitoid wasp Pteromalus puparum 下载免费PDF全文
XIAO Shan FANG Qi LIU Ming-ming ZHANG Jiao WANG Bei-bei YAN Zhi-chao WANG Fang David W. STANLEY YE Gong-yin 《农业科学学报》2022,21(4):1106-1115
microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that trigger RNA interference (RNAi) in eukaryotic organisms. The biogenesis pathways for these ncRNAs are well established in Drosophila melanogaster, Aedes aegypti, Bombyx mori and other insects, but lacking in hymenopteran species, particularly in parasitoid wasps. Pteromalus puparum is a parasitoid of pupal butterflies. This study identified and analyzed two pathways by interrogating the P. puparum genome. All core genes of the two pathways are present in the genome as a single copy, except for two genes in the siRNA pathway, R2D2 (two copies) and Argonaute-2 (three). Conserved domain analyses showed the protein structures in P. puparum were similar to cognate proteins in other insect species. Phylogenetic analyses of hymenopteran Dicer and Argonaute genes suggested that the siRNA pathway-related genes evolved faster than those in the miRNA pathway. The study found a decelerated evolution rate of P. puparum Dicer-2 with respect to Dicer-1, which was contrary to other hymenopterans. Expression analyses revealed high mRNA levels for all miRNA pathway genes in P. puparum adults and the siRNA related genes were expressed in different patterns. The findings add valuable new knowledge of the miRNA and siRNA pathways and their regulatory actions in parasitoid wasps. 相似文献