黄瓜和黑籽南瓜对肉桂酸及亚低温交叉胁迫的应答差异

为探索肉桂酸(Cinnamic acid,CA)和亚低温交叉胁迫对黄瓜和黑籽南瓜生理代谢的影响,对两种瓜类作物的水分代谢与光合作用受到CA及亚低温交叉胁迫的应答差异进行研究。结果表明:CA和亚低温单独胁迫降低了叶片的总含水量、自由水含量、自由水/束缚水、净光合速率(PN)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(gs),提高了叶片的渗透势;抑制了根系干物质的分配比例,增加了地上部干物质的分配比例;增加了瞬时水分利用效率(WuE)和潜在水分利用效率(WuEi),抑制了叶面积(LA)的生长速率。CA和亚低温交叉胁迫对2种作物生理活动的影响与其单独胁迫一致,交叉胁迫的影响最大,其次是亚低温单独胁迫,CA单独胁迫影响最小,黄瓜受到胁迫的程度明显高于黑籽南瓜。总之,CA和亚低温交叉胁迫对黄瓜的毒害较单一因子明显,黄瓜抵御CA和亚低温胁迫的能力明显低于黑籽南瓜。     

Relations Between Photosynthetic Parameters and Seed Yields of Adzuki Bean Cultivars (Vigna angularis

The study comparatively examined the leaf photosynthetic capacities of different adzuki bean cultivars, high-yield 2000-75 and Jihong 9218, and low-yield Hongbao 1 and Wanxuan 1 from flowering to ripening. It showed that after flowering, the leaves of the cultivars gradually aged, the leaf chlorophyll (Chl.), soluble protein (SP) contents, net photosynthetic rates (P_n), transpiration rates (T_r) and stomatal conductance (G_s) of the cultivars tended to decline, but the leaf intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) of the cultivars tended to rise. The leaf photosynthetic capacities of the cultivars decreased gradually from the lower to the upper nodes. The dry seed yields of the cultivars were positively correlated with their leaf Chl., SP, P_n, and T_r and G_s, and negatively associated with their leaf C_i. At the late growth stages, the high-yield cultivars maintained higher leaf Chl. contents, SP contents, P_n, T_r, and G_s than the low-yield cultivars, indicating that leaf photosynthetic capacity was one of important yield-affecting factors of adzuki bean. Therefore, it was important for a crop at the crucial stage of yield formation to maintain a high leaf chlorophyll content and a high leaf photosynthetic capacity and delay leaf aging.     

Evaluation of a new method for quantification of heat tolerance in different wheat cultivars

Heat stress seriously affects wheat production in many regions of the world. At present, heat tolerance research remains one of the least understood fields in wheat genetics and breeding and there is a lack of effective methods to quantify heat stress and heat tolerance in different wheat cultivars. The objective of this study was to use various wheat cultivars to evaluate stress intensity(δ) and a new method for quantification of heat tolerance and compare this technique with three other currently utilized methods. This new parameter for heat tolerance quantification is referred to as the heat tolerance index(HTI) and is an indicator of both yield potential and yield stability. Heat treatments were applied in a controlled setting when anthesis had been reached for 80% of the wheat. The stress intensity evaluation indicated heat shock was the main factor associated with kernel weight reduction while grain yield reduction was mainly associated with chronic high temperature. The methods evaluation showed that a temperature difference of 5°C from natural temperatures was a suitable heat treatment to compare to the untreated controls. HTI was positively correlated with yield under heat stress(r=0.8657, δ_(2010)=0.15, in 2009–2010; r=0.8418, δ_(2011)=0.20, in 2010–2011; P0.01), and negatively correlated with yield reduction rate(r=–0.8344, in 2009–2010; r=–0.7158, in 2010–2011; P0.01). The results of this study validated the use of HTI and temperature difference control for quantifying wheat heat tolerance that included the yield potential and the stability of different wheat cultivars under heat stress. Additionally, 10 wheat cultivars showed high HTI and should be further tested for their heat confirming characteristics for use in wheat heat tolerance breeding.     

夏季苹果新梢生理指标与抗苹果绵蚜的关系

研究苹果生理指标与其对苹果绵蚜 (Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann) 抗性的关系,为筛选培育抗性品种,实现持续有效治理苹果绵蚜提供依据。田间调查不同苹果品种对苹果绵蚜的抗性,测定比较各品种正常枝条生理指标,以及被苹果绵蚜危害后生理指标的变化。结果表明,正常枝条中可溶性糖(r=0.99)、蛋白质(r=0.86)含量与感蚜率呈正相关;氨基酸含量与感蚜率呈负相关(r=-0.96);酚类物质和4种酶活性与苹果感蚜率均不存在明显相关性。被害后昭锦108可溶性糖含量有所下降,红富士、金冠分别上升1.4%、7.0%;蛋白质、氨基酸、酚类物质含量均有所下降,其中红富士总酚含量明显下降,达23.5%,总酚下降率与感蚜率呈正相关(r=0.94);超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase, SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase, CAT)活性均上升,其中CAT变化率与感蚜率存在相关性 (r=-0.92),昭锦108 CAT活性明显上升,达91.2%;多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol Oxidase, PPO)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase, POD)活性增减不一;金冠4种酶活性均上升。研究表明,对苹果绵蚜抗性较强的品种:可溶性糖、蛋白质含量较低,游离氨基酸含量较高;受害后可溶性糖含量下降,总酚含量下降率较低,游离氨基酸含量下降率较高。酶活性对抗蚜性的影响不明显。     

基于高光谱优化NDVI值反演玉米叶片氮含量

为研究基于高光谱优化NDVI值在反演喇叭口期玉米叶片氮含量的可行性,使用Fiedspec3.0光谱仪和Greenseeker分别对不同施氮量下玉米叶片的光谱反射率和NDVI进行了测定,并对NDVI值进行了提取和优化,建立玉米叶片氮含量优化NDVI反演模型,对其反演精度进行验证。结果显示:优化NDVI值与NDVI测定值、玉米叶片氮含量均呈显著正相关(r=0.913 2,0.949 8),优化NDVI值对玉米叶片氮含量反演精度达到显著水平(r=0.908 1),反演精度高于NDVI测定值。优化NDVI值能通过群体的速测来决策玉米叶片的氮含量,为玉米进行氮营养诊断提供新的技术支持,具有重要的现实意义。     

黄瓜品种资源商品性的评价

试验选用28份黄瓜品种资源,严格按黄瓜无公害生产技术规程生产,研究不同的黄瓜品种资源商品性的差异。结合联合国/欧洲经济委员会品质标准、中华人民共和国国家标准及黄瓜育种指标,确定了不同类型黄瓜品种资源商品性标准,并以此标准对黄瓜品种资源的商品性进行评价。确定评价华北型黄瓜等级的主要指标为:果实的弯度、果实长度的标准差、单瓜重的标准差、瓜把与瓜长的比值;评价华南型黄瓜等级的主要指标为:果实的弯度、果实长度的标准差、单瓜重的标准差、果实顶部粗与中部粗的比值。确定不同类型黄瓜等级评价标准。不同黄瓜品种商品率、商品产量存在显著差异。筛选出商品率、商品产量较高的材料8份,即Z9(拉迪特)、Z6(C03-74)、Z8(649)、Z27(631)、Z26(C03-75)、Z28(京乐5号)、Z16(C03-77)、Z12(D2002-1),其中Z9(拉迪特)商品性最好,标准瓜率91%,特级和一级瓜占标准瓜99%,公顷产量26 668 kg。     

氮素营养水平对黄瓜氮代谢关键酶活性变化及氮化物的影响

探讨黄瓜叶片氮代谢关键酶类活性与果实氮化物含量的相互关系,为黄瓜氮素的高效利用和品质优化提供依据。采用二因素裂区设计,研究了氮肥用量对黄瓜叶片氮代谢酶活性和结果盛期果实氮化物含量的影响。结果表明:在225~375 kg/hm~2施氮情况下,随施氮量增加功能叶片硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶(GOT)和谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)的活性逐渐升高,处理间差异显著,施氮量超过375 kg/hm~2其酶活性增加不明显且有下降的趋势。不同品种间酶活性大小依次为津优35号、园丰元6号、永昌9618,博特202,其中津优35号与园丰元6号酶活性差异不显著,与永昌9618和博特202差异显著。果实中氮化物的含量随施氮量的增加逐渐提高;施氮量为375 kg/hm~2时游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白及粗蛋白含量达到最大值;增加到450 kg/hm~2时3种氮化物含量均下降,而硝酸盐含量持续增加;在525 kg/hm~2时含量最高,津优35号硝酸盐和游离氨基酸含量最低,可溶性蛋白和粗蛋白含量最高,博特202与之相反。相关分析表明,果实中硝酸盐含量与NR和GS活性呈显著正相关关系,与GPT和GOT无显著相关关系;可溶性蛋白和粗蛋白含量与4种酶类存在显著或极显著正相关关系。不同品种间果实氮化物的差异是氮素吸收同化综合作用的结果。选择氮素吸收同化能力强的品种,既有利于提高氮素利用,又可改善产品质量。     

不同脱蜡粉类型砧木对嫁接黄瓜生长及硅吸收分配特性的影响

探讨黄瓜果实表面蜡粉形成的生理机制,为育种和优质高产栽培提供依据,选择对嫁接黄瓜果实表面蜡粉形成具有明显不同的砧木品种,研究对嫁接黄瓜植株生长和硅吸收分配特性的影响,结果表明:少蜡粉砧木嫁接黄瓜结果期株高、叶片数和前期产量低于多蜡粉砧木和中蜡粉砧木嫁接黄瓜,但显著高于自根黄瓜;黄瓜叶片中硅含量显著高于茎和根系;少蜡粉砧木嫁接黄瓜叶片和茎中硅含量低于中蜡粉、多蜡粉砧木嫁接黄瓜和自根黄瓜;根系中硅含量以云南黑籽南瓜嫁接的黄瓜最高;黄瓜果实发育过程中硅含量呈先升高后降低趋势变化,同节位叶片中硅含量逐渐减少;少蜡粉砧木嫁接黄瓜果实中的硅含量明显低于多蜡粉砧木、中蜡粉砧木嫁接黄瓜和自根黄瓜.不同类型砧木影响嫁接黄瓜果实表面蜡粉形成与硅吸收分配特性有关.     

日光温室黄瓜叶片和果实相关参数的模拟

为建立黄瓜叶面积和果实干鲜重的模拟模型,采用定株非破坏性观测和随机取样方法,系统观测了日光温室内黄瓜不同播期整个生育期的叶长、叶宽、叶面积及果长、果径、果实体积和干鲜重.运用几何解析方法,建立了与黄瓜叶片特征相适应的叶面积模拟模型,其结果对实测值有很好的拟合性;比叶重模拟结果表明,叶片比叶重随叶面积的增加趋于减小,在叶片充分展开后其值稳定在0.31 mg*cm2左右;以黄瓜果长、果径为参数建立的果实体积和鲜重模拟模型的结果与实际值相当一致,相关系数达R2=0.996;果实干物质含量的模拟结果受采收期果实含水量的影响较大.所建模型与待建的黄瓜光合作用模拟模型相联接,可实现对黄瓜群体结构和果实产量的预测,是日光温室黄瓜生长发育系统模型的子模型之一.     

邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)对黄瓜抗氧化代谢及果实品质的影响

以黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)为材料,通过分析邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)处理对黄瓜成株叶片中抗氧化酶活性、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量、果实品质的影响及DMP在黄瓜体内的积累情况,研究DMP对黄瓜的生态毒性效应。结果显示:30 mg·L~(-1)的DMP处理下叶片抗氧化酶活性增加,果实营养价值降低,但黄瓜植株生长及干物质积累变化不大;50 mg·L~(-1)处理下,叶片抗氧化酶在盛花期达到最大值,随着处理时间延长黄瓜叶片的抗氧化酶活性、干物质积累及营养价值均降低;而100和200 mg·L~(-1)处理下的黄瓜叶片,抗氧化酶活性始终低于对照处理组的水平,干物质积累随着DMP处理浓度增加呈下降趋势,且果实均在幼果期出现萎蔫致死现象;DMP在黄瓜植株内的积累量随其浓度升高而增加(茎根叶)。上述结果表明,DMP污染会影响黄瓜正常的生理生化指标,降低黄瓜果实的品质,会产生潜在的健康风险。     

氟吡菌胺及其代谢物在黄瓜中的残留

为评价氟吡菌胺及其代谢物在黄瓜上的安全性,建立了同时检测氟吡菌胺及其代谢物2,6-二氯苯甲酰胺的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。前处理采用以乙腈提取,无水硫酸镁、石墨化碳（GCB）和乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷（PSA）为分散净化剂的QuEChERS方法,应用高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪在多反应监测（MRM）模式下进行检测。结果表明,在0.05~5 mg·kg^-1的加标范围内,氟吡菌胺和2,6-二氯苯甲酰胺的平均回收率分别为82%~98%和90%~100%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=5）分别为1.6%~7.9%和3.2%~9.4%,定量检出限（LOQ）为0.05 mg·kg^-1。最终残留试验表明：在氟吡菌胺推荐剂量（735 g·hm^-2）下,施药3次,距最后一次施药间隔1、3 d和5 d时采收,氟吡菌胺及2,6-二氯苯甲酰胺在黄瓜上的最高残留量均小于0.05 mg·kg^-1,低于我国规定的氟吡菌胺在黄瓜中的最大残留限量0.5 mg·kg^-1。该方法前处理过程简单、方便、快速,灵敏度、准确度和精密度均满足残留分析的要求,可用于氟吡菌胺及代谢物2,6-二氯苯甲酰胺在黄瓜中的残留检测。     

弱光对两品种黄瓜光合特性和生长发育的影响

以华北型黄瓜中农8号和西南本地春秋黄瓜为试材,秋露地栽培,通过遮光模拟弱光逆境,幼苗定植大田缓苗后,用单层黑色遮阳网(遮荫率70%)遮荫直至拉秧,生育期内测定弱光逆境下黄瓜植株主要生长发育指标和基本光合参数。结果表明,遮光处理后两品种黄瓜株高升高,茎蔓变细,叶数减少,叶片变薄,株叶面积增大,根冠比增大,整株鲜、干样质量减少,向叶分配比例降低,向根、茎分配比例升高,尤以茎的明显。叶绿素a、b、类胡萝素含量上升。净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、气孔限制值降低,而胞间CO2浓度升高。根瓜节位升高,单株结瓜数减少,化瓜数增多,单株产量下降。弱光下虽春秋黄瓜的株高、株叶面积、整株鲜样质量、光合色素含量、净光合速率等值高于中农8号,但前者前15节雌花数、单株结瓜数、单瓜鲜重等值低于后者,即使春秋黄瓜植株具有较强的光合能力,但其雌花数、结瓜数少,终使产量不及中农8号。由此可知,春秋黄瓜的弱光耐受性差于中农8号。     

An EMS mutant library for cucumber

Cucumber is an important vegetable crop and a model crop for the study of sex expression in plants. However, the genomic resources and tools for functional genomics studies in cucumber are still limited. In this paper, we conducted ethyl methyl sulfone (EMS) mutagenesis in the northern China ecotype cucumber inbred line 406 to construct a mutant library. We optimized the conditions of EMS mutagenesis on inbred line 406 which included treatment of seeds at 1.5% EMS for 12 h. We obtained a number of mutant lines showing inheritable morphological changes in plant architecture, leaves, floral organs, fruits and other traits through M₁, M₂ and M₃ generations. The F₂ segregating populations were constructed and analyzed. We found that a short fruit mutant and a yellow-green fruit peel mutant were both under the control of a single recessive gene, respectively. These results provide valuable germplasm resources for the improvement of cucumber genetics and functional genomic research.     

Grain dehydration rate is related to post-silking thermal time and ear characters in different maize hybrids

Mechanized grain harvest of maize becomes increasingly important with growing land plot size in Northeast China. Grain moisture is an important factor affecting the performance of mechanized grain harvest. However, it remains unclear what influences grain dehydration rate. In this study, maize grain dehydrating process was investigated in a two-year field experiment with five hybrids under two planting densities in 2017 and 2018. It was found that damaged-grain ratio was the main factor affecting mechanized harvest quality, and this ratio was positively correlated with grain moisture content at harvest (R²=0.6372, P<0.01). To fulfill the national standard of <5% damaged-grain ratio for mechanized grain harvest, the optimal maize grain moisture content was 22.3%. From silking to physiological maturity, grain dehydrating process was mostly dependent on the thermal time (growing degree days, GDDs) (r=–0.9412, P<0.01). The average grain moisture content at physiological maturity was 29.4%. Thereafter, the linear relationship between GDDs and grain moisture still existed, but the correlation coefficient became smaller (r=–0.8267, P<0.01). At this stage, grain dehydrating process was greatly affected by genotypes. Grain dehydrated faster when a hybrid has a smaller husk area (r=0.6591, P<0.05), larger ear angle (r=–0.7582, P<0.05), longer ear peduncle (r=–0.9356, P<0.01) and finer ear (r=0.9369, P<0.01). These parameters can be used for breeders and farmers to select hybrids suitable for mechanized grain harvest.     

Productivity and Quality of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fagopyrum esculentum</Emphasis> Moench Cultivars in the Conditions of Primorye Krai

In the conditions of Primorye krai, the Fagopyrum esculentum Moench cultivars of different ecological and geographical origin were studied in terms of their productivity and fruit biochemical composition. The cultivar Bashkirskaya krasnostebelnaya was found to be of interest for the purposes of breeding buckwheat for higher content of flavonoids: it exceeds the reference cultivar Izumrud by 7.5 mg/100 g. The cultivar Demetra is richer in essential amino acid content (arginine, lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, and tryptophane) in its fruits. The studied cultivars had more potassium (1.41–1.49) than phosphorus (0.54–0.55) in their fruits. As a result, the promising cultivars were selected as follows: the indeterminate ones—Zemlyachka, Inzerskaya, and Bashkirskaya krasnostebelnaya; the determinant ones—Demetra and Dikul with a high content of flavonoids, protein, fat, and essential amino acids in their fruits. Using the adaptability parameters, we identified the determinant cultivars Dikul and Dialogue as highly adaptable and stable; their average productivity reached 1.5 t ha^–1 and exceeded the reference cultivar by 5–18%.     

北方地区不同黄瓜品种氮素吸收与利用效率的差异

【目的】研究北方地区栽培黄瓜品种氮素吸收利用的差异,为氮高效黄瓜品种筛选提供参考依据。【方法】选用华北型黄瓜品种为材料,采用二因素裂区设计,以氮素营养水平为主区,设低氮素（3.5 mmol·L^-1）和高氮素（11.0 mmol·L^-1）两个水平;以品种为副区,设32个水平,进行水培试验。测定含氮量、氮素吸收与利用效率,并划分品种营养效率类型。【结果】供试黄瓜品种在两个氮素水平下氮素吸收效率和氮素利用效率的相关指标均存在显著差异。两氮素水平下的植株干物重（CV N3.5 21.49%和CV N11 18.51%）、氮素吸收效率（CV N3.5 19.90%和CV N11 19.94%）和氮素利用指数（CV _N3.5 25.49%和CV _N11 19.25%）均有较大的品种差异。干物重与茎叶氮素累积量和氮素利用指数极显著相关（P<0.01）,相关系数分别为r_N3.5 0.933**和r_N11 0.925**,r_N3.5 0.964**和r_N11 0.941**。氮素吸收效率与茎叶氮素累积量和氮素利用指数极显著正相关,相关系数分别为r_N3.5 0.986**和r_N11 0.963**,r_N3.5 0.809**和r_N11 0.768**;氮素利用效率与茎叶含氮量极显著负相关,相关系数分别为r_N3.5 -0.909**和r_N11 -0.886**。以两个氮素水平下的植株干物重平均值为标准,对黄瓜品种的氮素营养效率进行分类,干物重大于平均值的为高效型,小于平均值的为低效型,可将32个华北型黄瓜品种分成4种氮素营养类型,即双高效型、高氮高效型、低氮高效型和双低效型。其中低氮高效型品种数量最少,占供试品种的15.6%。通径分析显示,氮素吸收效率在两氮素水平下对氮效率（植株干物重）的贡献率远大于利用效率,二者对氮效率的通径系数分别为q_N3.5 1.069和q_N11 0.931,q_N3.5 0.347和q_N11 0.361。【结论】黄瓜苗期的氮效率存在品种差异。植株干物重可作为同一供氮水平下苗期氮效率评价的首选指标,茎叶氮素累积量、茎叶含氮量和氮素利用指数可作为氮效率选择的次级指标。植株氮素吸收效率是品种苗期氮效率高的主要因素。水培试验可有效地反应不同黄瓜品种苗期氮素营养效率差异,为黄瓜品种苗期氮素营养效率的批量筛选和快速鉴别提供了可能。     

An assessment of the genetic diversity of pear (Pyrus L.) germplasm resources based on the fruit phenotypic traits

Germplasm resources are an important basis for genetic breeding and analysis of complex traits, and research on genetic diversity is conducive to the exploration and creation of new types of germplasm. In this study, the distribution frequency, coefficient of variation, Shannon–Wiener index, and variance and cluster analyses were used to analyze the diversity and trait differences of 39 fruit phenotypic traits from 570 pear accessions, which included 456 pear accessions from 11 species and 114 interspecific hybrid cultivars that had been stored in the National Germplasm Repository of Apple and Pear (Xingcheng, China). The comprehensive evaluation indices were screened by correlation, principal component and regression analyses. A total of 132 variant types were detected in 28 categorical traits of pear germplasm fruit, which indicate a rich diversity. The diversity indices in decreasing order were: fruit shape (1.949), attitude of calyx (1.908), flesh texture type (1.700), persistency of calyx (1.681), russet location (1.658), relief of area around eye basin (1.644), flavor (1.610) and ground color (1.592). The coefficient of variation of titratable acidity in the 11 numerical traits of pear germplasm fruit was as high as 128.43%, which could more effectively reflect the differences between pear accessions. The phenotypic differentiation coefficient V_st (66.4%) among the five cultivated pear species, including Pyrus bretschneideri (White Pear), P. pyrifolia (Sand Pear), P. ussuriensis (Ussurian Pear), P. sinkiangensis (Xinjiang Pear), and P. communis (European Pear), was higher than the within population phenotypic differentiation coefficient V_st (33.6%). The variation among populations was the main source of variation in pear fruit traits. A hierarchical cluster analysis divided the 389 accessions of six cultivated pear species, including P. pashia (Himalayan Pear), into six categories. There were certain characteristics within the populations, and the differences between populations were not completely clustered by region. For example, Sand Pear cultivars from Japan and the Korean Peninsula clustered together with those from China. Most of the White Pear cultivars clustered with the Sand Pear, and a few clustered with the Ussurian Pear cultivars. The Ussurian Pear and European Pear cultivars clustered separately. The Xinjiang Pear and Himalayan Pear did not cluster together, and neither did the cultivars. Seventeen traits, three describing fruit weight and edible rate (fruit diameter, fruit length and fruit core size), five describing outer quality and morphological characteristics (over color, amount of russeting, dot obviousness, fruit shape, and stalk length), and nine describing inner quality (flesh color, juiciness of flesh, aroma, flavor, flesh texture, flesh texture type, soluble solid contents, titratable acidity, and eating quality) were selected from the 39 traits by principal component and stepwise regression analyses. These 17 traits could reflect 99.3% of the total variation and can be used as a comprehensive evaluation index for pear germplasm resources.     

Digital image analysis and chlorophyll metering for phenotyping the effects of nodulation in soybean

Leaf photosynthesis and rhizobial nitrogen fixation are the two metabolic processes of utmost importance to legume growth and development. As these processes are closely related to each other, measuring of leaf chlorophyll content can provide information on the nodulation and nitrogen fixation status of crop plants. In the present investigation, a number of soybean breeding lines consisting of near-isogenic families which are genetically segregating for the nodulation trait were utilized in field experiments carried out across three growing seasons at Vienna, Austria. For phenotyping leaf chlorophyll content, the Minolta SPAD spectrometer was applied in parallel to a simple leaf digital image analysis procedure based on a commercial digital still camera. The main objectives of the research included the comparison of SPAD metering and image analysis for determination of chlorophyll content, phenotyping of the soybean nodulation vs. non-nodulation characteristic with respect to leaf, agronomic and seed traits, and relating both chlorophyll and image analysis data to seed quality characteristics. Nodulating and non-nodulating soybean lines significantly differed in chlorophyll content from the V5 (five leaves fully developed) soybean developmental stage onwards. Apart from chlorophyll content, leaf size, plant height, number of pods per plant, 1000-seed weight, and seed protein and oil content were also affected by nodulation type. The chlorophyll content of soybean leaves as determined by SPAD metering was significantly correlated (r = −0.937) to the green color value (RGB color model) of leaf image analysis at the R3 (beginning of pod growth) soybean developmental stage. Both chlorophyll content and leaf image analysis parameters were correlated to 1000-seed weight, seed protein and seed oil content. Thus, it appears that these leaf parameters related to photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation could be utilized to determine the nitrogen status of a soybean crop and subsequently in forecasting seed quality parameters of the harvest product.     

Comparative analysis on grain quality and yield of different panicle weight indica-japonica hybrid rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars

Indica-japonica hybrid rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars showed high yield potential and poor tasting quality when compared with common japonica rice cultivars. Large panicle is a prominent factor of high yield for indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars, and the panicle weight varies greatly among different indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars. It is important to research on yield and grain quality of different panicle weight indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars. In this study, two different panicle types indica-japonica hybrid cultivars were used to research on the relation of yield and grain quality. The yields of two heavy panicle weights indica-japonica hybrid cultivars were significantly higher than that of two medium panicle weight rice cultivars. The cooking and eating quality and starch properties of different panicle type cultivars were evaluated. Yongyou 6715(medium panicle) and Yongyou 1852(heavy panicle) got the relatively higher cooking and eating quality. Rice cultivars with medium panicle weight had more large starch granules and higher relative crystallinity than cultivars with heavy panicle weight. Transition temperature and retrogradation enthalpy(ΔHret) of medium panicle type cultivars were significantly higher than that of heavy panicle type cultivars. There was no significant difference in amylose content among different panicle type cultivars. Protein content of heavy panicle type cultivar was higher than that of medium panicle type cultivar, and protein content is the main factor affect cooking and eating quality in this study. The cultivar Yongyou 6715 got the highest taste value with the lowest protein content. Thus, it is suggested that the emphasis on improving rice cooking and eating quality of indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars is how to reduce the protein content in rice grain. According to the results of this study, medium panicle type with high grain weight is the desired panicle type for high quality indica-japonica hybrid rice breeding.     

设施黄瓜栽培专用品种选育的路径探讨

适应保护地生产发展和市场对黄瓜品种特性的新要求,在研究改进抗逆性、抗病性和分子标记追踪血缘等技术的基础上,通过有性杂交,聚合抗病性、低温弱光耐受性、持续生长结果能力以及与品质相关的优良性状,选育出了多个有刺型、无刺型等不同类型的优良骨干亲本自交系和优良品种,在生产上推广应用,取得了较高社会经济效益。