GC-MS analysis of dyes extracted from turmeric

Standard extraction procedure for examining chromophoric substances of turmeric was investigated. Acetone and methanol were used as extracting solvents with different extraction procedures and pH levels. GC-MS analysis identified curcumene2 (6.7 min), feruloylmethane3 (8.3 min), coumaran4 (6.09 min), vanillin5 (6.2 min), and zingiberene6 (10.5 min) as the major products. Curcumin1 which has been known as the major chromophoric substance of turmeric was not detected in any samples. The maximum amount of curcumene2, which was used as the fingerprint product for turmeric dye, was obtained by utilizing presoaking and decanting step with methanol prior to actual extraction step using a waterbath shaker (WMM). The highest relative abundance of curcumene2 was detected in pH 6 sample followed by pH 5 indicating that the most appropriate pH level was in the range of pH 6–5. This research was funded by the 2004 Research Fund of University of Incheon.     

GC-MS测定香瓜中苯醚甲环唑残留量不确定度的评定

介绍气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)测定香瓜中苯醚甲环唑残留量不确定度评定的方法,建立数学模型分析不确定度的来源,并对其各个分量进行量化和合成。结果表明：标准曲线拟合和重复性测量所引入的不确定度分量最大;当香瓜中苯醚甲环唑含量为0.135 1 mg/kg时,其扩展不确定度为0.011 8 mg/kg(k＝2)。     

超临界CO2萃取人参脂溶性成分的GC-MS分析

目的 用超临界CO2萃取人参脂溶性成分,分析并测定提取物的主要成分和含量.方法 用超临界CO2萃取人参脂溶性成分.提取物用气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)联用法进行分析鉴定.使用面积归一法测定各成分相对含量.结果鉴定了44个化合物,主要为脂肪酸和酯(34)、挥发油.结论用超临界萃取人参,可以较好的获得其脂溶性成分.     

人参挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的用索氏提取法乙醚提取人参挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析,确定化学成分的种类及相对含量。方法采用乙醚为溶剂用索氏提取法提取人参中的挥发油(即人参的脂溶性成分),用面积归一化法测定各组分的体积分数,并采取气质联用(GC-MS)对挥发油进行鉴定及含量测定。结果鉴定了71个化合物,主要为脂肪酸和酯、挥发油。结论乙醚提取人参,得到的化合物经知网、万方数据库查询,在人参挥发油中未见报道的有23种。     

牛大力藤叶脂溶性成分的GC-MS分析

采用气相色谱一质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对牛大力藤叶片脂溶性成分进行分析测定,并结合计算机检索技术对其成分进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量.结果显示,共鉴定了41个化学成分(除豆甾醇外,其余40个化学成分在该植物中属首次报道),其相对含量为81.22%.其中含量较高的成分依次为维生素E(11.52%)、亚麻酸乙酯(10.26%)、γ-谷甾醇(8.53%)、棕榈酸乙酯(8.23%)、叶绿醇(7.00%)、亚麻酸甲酯(5.04%)、亚油酸乙酯(4.13%)、亚油酸(4.09%)和植二烯(3.89%).     

辣木果荚提取物油脂成分的GC-MS分析

[目的]分析了解辣木油中脂肪酸的组分和含量,更好地了解其用途和价值。[方法]以新鲜辣木果荚提取的辣木油脂为研究对象,对辣木油中脂肪酸和挥发性成分应用GC-MS技术进行定性定量分析。[结果]辣木油中检测出含有13种脂肪酸成分和16种挥发性成分,并且不饱和脂肪酸含量达到82.76%,还包括亚油酸、亚麻酸和DHA 3种人体不能合成的必需脂肪酸,这些都是单独使用辣木籽提油所没有的成分,但是其挥发性成分中检查出含有28.38%的硫化物,即十字花科植物主要的刺激性成分,如要对此油加以利用,需要将此成分除去。[结论]为辣木果荚和辣木籽混合提取的辣木油今后的深入研究和产业化开发提供了参考依据。     

整树结香法所产沉香的GC-MS分析

采用整树结香法诱导健康白木香树结香,并根据树体受伤后木材的颜色形态特征将木材分为腐烂层、沉香层和白木层,运用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分别对三层的乙醚提取物进行了分析。结果表明,不同层化学成分的种类和相对含量上有明显差异。沉香层与腐烂层的2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类成分总相对含量都很高,腐烂层的色酮类成分相对含量(70.25%)高于沉香层(60.08%),但沉香层的色酮种类(14个)比腐烂层(10个)多;倍半萜类成分在沉香层和腐烂层中的相对含量均较低,沉香层的倍半萜类成分相对含量(5.75%)略高于腐烂层(3.75%),而腐烂层的倍半萜个数(11个)略多于沉香层(8个)。白木层则以甾体类化合物为主,没有检出色酮类和倍半萜类成分。     

顶空固相微萃取-气质联用法分析白茶的香气成分

采用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用法分析比较了白毫银针和白牡丹两种典型白茶及同一品种鲜叶制成的绿茶、红茶的香气成分。结果表明,白茶与绿茶、红茶在香气组成上存在明显差异。白茶的香气成分以醇类化合物为主,在白毫银针和白牡丹中含量分别达到70.74%和60.13%,明显高于绿茶（27.56%）和红茶（45.30%）;白茶的酯类含量高于绿茶和红茶,醛类、酮类和碳氢化合物等含量低于绿茶和红茶,酸类、杂氧化合物等在白茶中未检出。β-芳樟醇及其氧化物、香叶醇、水杨酸甲酯、苯乙醇、苯甲醇等是白茶香气的主要成分,分别占白毫银针香气提取物总量的35.70%、23.47%、5.87%、7.06%、2.02%,分别占白牡丹香气提取物总量的35.40%、11.94%、10.72%、6.80%、2.71%。     

用气相色谱-质谱联用法分析澳洲坚果幼叶的挥发性成分

利用气相色谱-质谱联用的方法(GC-MS)对澳洲坚果幼叶的挥发性成分进行了定性定量分析。在不同极性的色谱柱和不同程序性的升温条件下,采用正己烷和乙酸乙酯对澳洲坚果幼叶进行分步萃取,分离鉴定出45种挥发性成分,包括烃及其衍生物27种,酮3种,醛2种,醇3种,酸2种,酯8种共六大类物质。其中,不饱和脂肪酸(亚麻酸、棕榈酸)、植物甾醇、酚类等物质,不仅具有一定的营养价值,还具有降血压血脂、抗氧化抗癌等保健功能。     

Solvatochromism of indonaphthol dye

The solvatochromic behavior of indonaphthol dye was described. The UV/Vis absorption spectra of this compound have been studied in 5 solvents of different polarity. The solvatochromism of indonaphthol dye is discussed with the aid of semiempirical calculations.     

枯草芽孢杆菌Natto3的筛选及其降解黄曲霉毒素B_1的初步研究

从可食用的纳豆中筛选出一株能够高效降解黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxin B1,简称AFB1)的细菌,该细菌的发酵上清液经浓缩后制成的粗酶液对AFB1降解率达到91.4%。对该菌进行了分类地位鉴定并初步研究了粗酶液的酶学性质。结果表明,该菌经生理生化和16S r DNA序列比对鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌,并命名为Natto3。Natto3的粗酶液降解AFB1的最适培养时间为72h,最适反应温度为37℃,最适p H值是8.5,Zn2+、Mn2+、Mg2+、Cu2+、Li+五种金属离子均会不同程度地抑制降解活性。此外,将该粗酶液添加在被黄曲霉毒素高度污染的花生样品中进行脱毒实验,可使花生中AFB1的浓度从192μg/kg降至43μg/kg。     

超声波萃取番橄榄挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

采用超声波法萃取番橄榄不同时期的果实和叶片挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱法对挥发油中各种化学成分进行分析和鉴定。共鉴定出48个化合物,其中37个成分为在该植物中首次报道。其果实挥发油主要成分有:1R-α-蒎烯,22,23-二氢豆甾醇,β-蒎烯,2,2'-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚),维生素E;叶片挥发油主要成分有:维生素E,22,23-二氢豆甾醇,1R-α-蒎烯,三十一烷,植醇,β-石竹烯。黄熟的果实中萃取的挥发油的总量明显高于青果,而不同时期的绿叶中萃取的挥发油总量则较为接近。     

Dyeing properties and colour fastness of wool dyed with indicaxanthin natural dye

This research work involves the dyeing of wool with indicaxanthin, a natural dye extracted from fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica. The optimal conditions for dye extraction were to mix 50 g of Juice from cactus pears with 100 mL of 80% aqueous ethanol as solvent for dye extraction. Liquid chromatography was applied for the separation. Two main dyes were obtained, which were identified as indicaxanthin (75 mg per 50 g) and betanin (5 mg per 50 g). The effect of dye bath pH, salt concentration, dyeing time and temperature were studied. The optimal conditions for wool dyeing with indicaxanthin dye were carried out at 70 °C for 90 min with the pre-treatment of various metal salts as mordant. The colour yields of the dye on the wool were found to be highly dependent of the pH, optimum results being obtained at pH 4. The K/S of wool increased in the order of the dyeing using KAl (SO₄)₂ > MnSO₄ > CoSO₄ > FeSO₄ > none > ZnSO₄ > CuSO₄. Un-mordanted samples have good properties of water and washing fastness. Mordants KAl (SO₄)₂ and CoSO₄ were found to give good light fastness (rating 5).     

荔枝叶片受瘿螨为害后脂溶性成分的GC-MS分析

选取正常荔枝叶片和受荔枝瘤瘿螨为害的荔枝叶片为样品,分别以索氏提取法和超声波提取法进行萃取,经气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)对不同叶片中的脂溶性成分进行分析和鉴定。结果表明,荔枝瘤瘿螨的为害会引起宿主叶片化学成分以及含量的变化,主要表现为抗逆相关成分如γ-谷甾醇等植物甾醇类物质含量的增多,以及与光合作用相关的成分如植物醇等化合物含量的减少。     

4种沉香树叶片挥发油化学成分GC-MS分析

比较3个白木香良种'热科1号'(Aquilaria sinensis' Reke 1')、'热科2号'(A.sinensis' Reke 2')、'热科3号'(A.sinensis' Reke 3')及国外引种的印度沉香(A.agallocha Roxb.)植物叶片挥发油成分的异同,旨在为其进一步开发利用提供依据.采用...     

白兰花挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

以乙酸乙酯为提取溶剂,对阴干、冷冻白兰花样品及白兰花酊剂样品进行了超声提取,并采用超临界CO2(SFE)提取了白兰花挥发油,用气相色谱-质联联用法(GC-MS)共鉴定出59种化学成分,4种样品鉴定出化合物各占总挥发性成分的98.87%、99.72%、92.77%和96.21%,其中含量较高的物质有:芳樟醇(7.50%、17.61%、67.51%、70.42%)、苯乙醇(0.84%、1.36%、2.57%、2.61%)、丙酸乙酯(38.21%、6.36%、未检出、0.27%)、甲苯(34.52%、66.88%、未检出、未检出)等,并且白兰花特征性芳香成分芳樟醇在酊剂提取物和超临界CO2提取物中所占比例较高。     

海南琼中绿橙果皮香精油成分的GC-MS分析

采用改进的同时水蒸汽蒸馏与萃取法从海南琼中绿橙皮中提取香精油,经气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析鉴定香精油的化学成分。结果表明,其相对含量较高的化合物主要有柠檬烯、芳樟醇、月桂烯、桧烯、顺-柠檬烯1,2-环氧化物、正辛醇、丙酸芳樟酯等。     

不同采收期海南姜黄挥发油的GC-MS分析

以海南产姜黄为材料,研究不同采收期姜黄精油含量的变化,并采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GCMS)对精油化学成分进行分析。结果表明:在根茎膨大期(10-17)姜黄精油的含量最高,达到80 mL/kg,此后姜黄精油的含量有所减少,至姜黄枯萎期时(03-04)精油含量为67 mL/kg;不同采收期姜黄精油的化学成分基本相同,但相对含量存在差异;4个采收期姜黄精油分别鉴定出36、36、34和34种化学成分,其中主要化学成分为芳姜黄酮、α-姜黄酮、姜醇、β-红没药烯、2-表-α-雪松烯、芳姜黄烯等倍半萜类化合物,且尤以芳姜黄酮在不同时期姜黄精油中含量最高,分别占总量的49.259%、33.794%、33.610%和44.829%。     

Using NMR to study changes in the characteristic constituents of stored rice

This study investigated constituent differences between stored and fresh rice using multidimensional solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was also used to determine constituent changes during storage.Signal variations in alkyl, alkoxy, acyl, hydroxyl, amine, and amino groups revealed hydrolysis of neutral fats and phospholipids to free fatty acids or lower esters. Signals from double bonds showed changes in unsaturated substances, such as glycerides and phospholipids, which correspond to a phenomenon exposed by GC-MS detection, that is, a reduction in polyunsaturated fatty acids occurs on storage. Moreover, the hydrolysis or oxidation of unstable lipids result in a conversion from fresh to aging rice with respect to the development of disagreeable flavors. Results from this study can both aid in our understanding and further the research into the progression and phenomenon of aging rice.     

Effect of enzymatic treatment and reactive dyeing on the low stress mechanical properties of linen fabric

The present study was concerned mainly with the assessment of the modification of low stress mechanical properties of linen fabric that were induced by enzymatic treatment. In addition, the effect of dyeing with reactive dye on the enzyme treated linen fabric on the low stress mechanical properties were also investigated. Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F) instrument was used for assessing the low stress mechanical properties, i.e. tensile, shearing, bending, compression, and surface properties. Experimental results showed that the enzymatic treatment could alter those properties to different extent depending much on the concentration of enzyme used.