不同杂交组合F1肉用母羊妊娠后期适宜营养水平与日粮配方筛选

本研究采用两因子随机区组试验设计方法，设计高中低3个不同营养水平日粮配方，对舍饲状态下SAF1、DAF1和DXF1 3个优势杂交组合肉用母羊妊娠后期适宜营养水平与日粮配方进行研究，为工厂化商品肉羊生产提供科学依据。结果表明，DXF1适合于中等营养水平饲养，SAF1适合于高中等营养水平饲养，而DAF1则适合于中低等营养水平饲养。     

不同杂交组合F1母羊妊娠前期适宜营养水平与日粮配方筛选

在舍饲条件下,设计出高(Ⅰ)、中(Ⅱ)、低(Ⅲ)3个不同营养水平的日粮配方,采用对比饲养试验方法,对SAF1、DAF1和DXF13组优势杂交组合肉用母羊妊娠前期适宜营养水平与日粮配方进行研究,为舍饲条件下母羊分阶段饲养提供科学依据。结果表明,SAF1适宜在中高营养水平下饲养,DXF1适宜中等营养水平饲养,DAF1适宜中低营养水平饲养。     

不同杂交组合与世代5月龄羔羊产肉性能测定分析

对2.5月龄断奶的陶赛特羊×细毛羊、萨福克羊×阿勒泰羊、陶赛特羊×阿勒泰羊之杂交一、二代羔羊(DXF1、DXF2,SAF1、SAF2,DAF1、DAF2)与同龄的新疆细毛羊(XX)和阿勒泰羊(ALT)经60d的舍饲强度育肥后,选体重接近组内平均值者各5只进行屠宰试验,测定其产肉性能。结果表明:DAF1、SAF1、DAF2、SAF2育肥公羔的宰前活重、宰后1h胴体重、宰后48h胴体重与"无尾屠宰率"均明显高于ALT,证明引进纯种肉羊陶赛特羊、萨福克羊与本地肉羊杂交,具有明显改进胴体一级肉率,增加后腿肉重,提高净肉率、骨肉比,以及提高本地肉羊胴体眼肌面积、减小尾重的作用,且有随世代增加而提高的趋势。但其与XX杂交,除DXF1有明显的杂交优势外,有随杂交世代增加而降低产肉性能的趋势。此外,胴体熟化排酸过程(48h)对杂种肥羔和纯种肥羔的胴体重、屠宰率均有影响,分别下降0.5~2.2kg和0·03~6·00个百分点。     

道赛特、萨福克与阿勒泰羊杂交公羔育肥效果对比试验

选用2.5月龄、体重相近、健康无病的断奶道赛特×阿勒泰(DAF1、DAF2)、萨福克×阿勒泰(SAF1、SAF2)杂交一、二代公羔各15只,阿勒泰羊(ALT)10只进行60d育肥试验。试验结果表明:SAF1、DAF1日增重为269g和262g,分别比ALT提高24.54%、21.30%,差异极显著(P<0.01);SAF2、DAF2日增重为258g和254g,分别比ALT提高19.44%、17.59%,差异显著(P<0.05),SAF1、DAF1、SAF2、DAF2日增重相互间差异不显著(P>0.05);育肥期内,每只杂交羊纯增直接经济收入分别比ALT多30.42、32.95、28.12、30.21元。     

道赛特、萨福克与阿勒泰羊杂交公羔育肥效果对比试验

相同试验条件下，选用SAF1、DAF1和SAF2、DAF2 2.5月龄早期断奶羔羊各15只进行60 d育肥试验。结果表明：SAF1、DAF1日增重为269和262 g，分别比ALT提高24.54%、21.30%，差异极显著（P<0.01）；SAF2、DAF2日增重为258和254 g，分别比ALT提高19.44%、17.59%，差异显著（P<0.05），SAF1、DAF1、SAF2、DAF2日增重相互间差异不显著（P>0.05）；育肥期内，每只杂交羊纯增直接经济收入分别比ALT多30.42、32.95、28.12、30.21元。     

肉鸡营养和配方设计的研究进展

作者针对肉仔鸡营养需要量、饲料效价评定及配方设计技术等方面,概述了当前的进展与趋势。文献表明,肉鸡饲养阶段的划分更科学,大部分从3个阶段过渡到4个阶段;营养需要规格呈现多元化趋势,主要考虑与肉鸡品种、环境、追求的生产目标及饲料原料本身的评价体系等结合起来;日粮配方优化技术本身是不变的,但引入配方模型的系数矩阵若带入饲料养分的标准差即变异,将会明显提高配方养分实际达成的概率。如果用标准化回肠可消化率氨基酸配制日粮,一般能提高对肉鸡生产性能的预测水平。上述研究结果与思想将为中国开发新一代肉鸡饲养营养专家系统提供科学依据。     

动物饲养试验的关键环节及考核要素

动物饲养试验是动物营养与饲料科学研究的重要方法之一,常用来评价饲料的营养价值、筛选最佳饲粮配方、研究营养代谢及营养需要等,是目前多数农业院校动物营养与饲料科学课程的实践教学内容,其中涉及多个关键环节,包括考查因素、水平、试验动物、试验日粮、试验设计、考查指标、数据收集与整理、数据统计等,正确把握这些环节是动物饲养试验取得良好效果的关键,也是该课程中需要考核的要素。对动物饲养试验的多个关键环节进行了讨论和总结,供实践教学课程参考和借鉴,以期提高教学效果和推进实践教学改革。     

蛋鸭和肉鸭的营养需要

根据现有家鸭饲养和营养需要的文献,印度家鸭中心繁育场的V.D.Bulbule提出蛋鸭实用的营养水平和日粮配方如表1和表2。另将英国樱桃谷农场(世界家鸭育种者先驱)所推荐的肉鸭全价日粮的营养水平,摘录成表3。     

肉鸭饲料中半胱胺使用浓度及其对血清生化指标影响的研究

半胱胺已被越来越多应用于生产,但常因以体重确定使用量而产生偏差,影响效果。按当前水禽常用饲养方式,这种使用办法产生的偏差易造成在实际生产中的使用效果不明显。因此,此次试验旨探讨半胱胺在日粮中以固定比例使用的情况。1材料与方法1.1试验时间、地点及半胱胺添加剂试验于2005年2月19日至4月2日在佛山科学技术学院畜牧场进行,半胱胺(肥康100),浙江大学康宁生化营养有限公司产品。1.2试验日粮及设计基础日粮配方与营养水平见表1,试验日粮设计见表2。表1基础日粮配方及营养水平项目1~2周龄小鸭料3~7周龄中鸭料项目1~小2鸭周料龄3~中7鸭…     

奶山羊营养计算器的开发与应用方法

随着奶山羊养殖规模的扩大,及时评估奶山羊全混合日粮营养水平能够帮助养殖户准确了解养殖场的日粮营养状况,对改进日粮配方,降低养殖成本和改善饲养管理技术具有重要指导作用。针对这一现状,作者所在研究团队开发了一款奶山羊营养计算器,本文介绍了该系统的设计思路、特点和应用方法,并对未来改进方向进行了展望。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.