Survey on the microbiological quality of Chinese food preparations

The microbiological quality of 118 samples of traditional Chinese food from restaurants and take-away establishments in the provinces of Padua, Treviso, and Venice was examined (April–July, 2008). These food items included various ready-to-eat products. The microbiological quality of the majority of these food items was acceptable; only 12% of samples had values greater than or equal to 6 log CFU/g (eight items were salads) and 19% of samples had values greater than 500 CFU fecal coliforms/g (p < 0.01 to 0.001). The Aw lower values were in sauces (0.839), but were greater than 0.95 in other food sources. No pathogens, such as Salmonella spp. or Listeria monocytogenes, were detected, but Bacillus cereus and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus were both identified. Thus, although final heating reduces the levels of microorganisms present in foods, it does not inactivate any toxins produced by such organisms.

     

百合属‘普瑞头’的组织培养和快速繁殖

以亚洲百合‘普瑞头’（Lilium asitic hybrids cv. Prato）鳞片为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,通过增加不同激素种类和浓度进行了组织培养快速繁殖技术的研究。结果表明,诱导不定芽的最适培养基为MS+0.5 mg·L-1 6 BA+0.1 mg·L-1 NAA,诱导率最高达85.0%,平均每块分化的芽数最多（3.6个）;再生小鳞茎鳞片诱导不定芽的最适培养基为MS+1.0 mg·L-1 6 BA;生根的最适宜培养基为1/2 MS+0.5 mg·L-1 IBA,生根率为86.7%;移栽后生长良好,成活率达到85.0%。     

Experimental Tetracycline Labeling in Avian Osteopetrosis

Osteopetrosis was experimentally produced and lesion development in time was studied by fluorescent illumination of tetracycline labels in the bone. Bones from birds 84, 115, 186 and 354 days of age were examined by ground section under ultraviolet light.     

Labeling, defects, possibilities--animal welfare in the identification of animals

Marking is necessary not only for handling animals, but also because of animal welfare. The method itself, however, can sometimes reveal deficiencies concerning protection of animals. These deficiencies are presented and discussed. In this context, the new electronic identification system--based upon implantable microchips--is considered. It is judged upon as particularly positive compared to other methods. Ideas are presented regarding special fields of application.     

中草药饲料添加剂与动物性食品安全

动物性食品的安全，首先是饲料的安全，而饲料安全的核心是饲料添加剂的安全。中草药饲料添加剂是安全性能好的新一代理想的绿色饲料添加剂。     

免疫胶体金快速诊断技术在兽医诊断上的应用

免疫胶体金标记技术是以胶体金作为示踪标志物,应用于抗原抗体反应的一种新型免疫标记技术,介绍了免疫胶体金快速诊断技术的原理、优点、以及目前在兽医诊断中应用情况.     

扬州市售婴幼儿奶粉营养标签标示情况调查

目的:对扬州市售婴幼儿奶粉营养标签的标示现状及存在问题进行调查分析,为完善婴幼儿奶粉营养标签的标示及管理提供科学依据.方法:参照《食品营养标签管理规范》、《婴儿配方食品》、《较大婴儿和幼儿配方食品》以及《预包装食品营养标签通则》设计调查表,对扬州市售婴幼儿奶粉的营养标签标示情况进行调查.结果:此次调查的180种婴幼儿奶粉营养标签的标示率为100％;产品标准号标示率为82.8％;营养成分表中能量和蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、钠4种核心营养素及其含量的标示率为100.0％;婴幼儿奶粉年龄阶段的划分缺乏统一性.结论:扬州市售婴幼儿奶粉营养标签标示情况基本良好,但依然存在营养标签标注形式不规范、不统一等问题.     

The community structure of Methanomassiliicoccales in the rumen of Chinese goats and its response to a high-grain diet

Background: The newly proposed methanogenic order ‘Methanomassiliicoccales' is the second largest archaeal population in the rumen, second only to the Methanobrevibacter population. However, information is limited regarding the community of this new order in the rumen.Methods: This study used real-time PCR and 454 pyrosequencing to explore the abundance and community composition of Methanomassiliicoccales in the rumen of Chinese goats fed a hay(0% grain, n = 5) or a high grain(65% grain, n = 5) diet.Results: Real-time PCR analysis showed that the relative abundance of Methanomassili coccales(% of total archaea) in the goat rumen was significantly lower in the high-grain-diet group(0.5% ± 0.2%) than that in the hay-diet group(8.2% ± 1.1%, P 0.05). The pyrosequencing results showed that a total of 208 operational taxonomic units(OTUs) were formed from ten samples at 99% sequence identity. All the sequences were identified as Methanomassiliicoccaceae at the family level, and most of the sequences(96.82% ± 1.64%) were further classified as Group 8, 9, and 10 at the Methanomassiliicoccales genus level in each sample based on the RIM-DB database. No significant differences were observed in the number of OTUs or Chao1's, Shannon's or Pielou's evenness indexes between the hay-and high-grain-diet groups(P ≥ 0.05). PCoA analysis showed that diet altered the community of Methanomassiliicoccales.At the genus level, the relative abundances of Group 10(67.25 ± 12.76 vs. 38.13 ± 15.66, P = 0.012) and Group 4(2.07 ± 1.30 vs. 0.27 ± 0.30, P = 0.035) were significantly higher in the high-grain-diet group, while the relative abundance of Group9 was significantly higher in the hay-diet group(18.82 ± 6.20 vs. 47.14 ± 17.72, P = 0.020). At the species level, the relative abundance of Group 10 sp.(67.25 ± 12.76 vs. 38.13 ± 15.66, P = 0.012) and Group 4 sp. MpT 1(2.07 ± 1.30 vs. 0.27 ± 0.30,P = 0.035) were significantly higher in the high-grain-diet group, while the relative abundance of Group 9 sp. ISO4-G1 was significantly higher in the hay-diet group(12.83 ± 3.87 vs. 42.44 ± 18.47, P = 0.022).Conclusions: Only a few highly abundant phylogenetic groups dominated within the Methanomassiliicoccales community in the rumens of Chinese goats, and these were easily depressed by high-grain-diet feeding. The relatively low abundance suggests a small contribution on the part of Methanomassiliicoccales to the rumen methanogenesis of Chinese goats.     

中草药提取物对常见食源性致病菌的体外抑菌试验

本文进行了8味中草药提取物对7种食源性致病菌的体外抑菌试验.结果显示,8种中草药对7种食源性致病菌有不同程度抑制作用.其中盐肤木提取物对所有食源性致病菌均有较高抑制活性;臭椿对4种致病弧菌抑菌活性较好,MIC均在7.81 mg/mL以下;连翘则对致病真菌抑制活性较强,对3种病原真菌抑制率均在70％以上.     

虾蛄蛋白浆对河蟹摄食和生长影响的研究

分别用虾蛄蛋白浆替代饲料中2%和4%的鱼粉,并以乌贼膏为对照,研究其对河蟹摄食和生长的影响。结果表明,饲料中添加虾蛄蛋白浆对河蟹的诱食作用与乌贼膏相当,但摄食量显著高于乌贼膏组。此外,虾蛄蛋白浆还具有明显的促进河蟹脱壳生长的作用,其作用机制可能与其中氨基酸、小肽、胆固醇等含量丰富有关。     

婴幼儿配方乳粉标签规范管理分析

目前市场上销售的婴幼儿配方乳粉标签标识存在着产品名称混乱、配料表与营养成分标识不规范、声称功能不当、来源声称混乱、增加与标签无关项目等问题,极易误导消费者,因此,必须对婴幼儿配方乳粉的标签标识进行规范和管理,明确主体责任,保障婴幼儿食品安全,促进行业健康发展。     

开发中草药饲料添加剂确保畜产品的食用安全

畜产品的食用安全问题关系到人类的健康和生存,涉及到社会、经济及政治问题。饲料添加剂作为生产动物性产品的特殊原料,其安全问题与畜产品的食用安全密切相关。中草药饲料添加剂以其无抗药性、无残留等优点,被认为是一种绿色饲料添加剂。     

The veterinary food hygienist in the food industry: contextual analysis and perspectives

After an introduction concerning the structure of Italian and European Veterinary Offices, the authors outline the features of food production in the provinces of Parma and Reggio Emilia, particularly concerning the role of veterinary hygienists and of the other professionals operating along the food chain. The authors underline that veterinarians should improve their managerial skills, together with the technical and legal competences acquired during the bachelor course, (eventually integrated by stages in food factories) and undertake continuous post-university improvement, enabling them to face the competition presented by new professionals.     

The veterinary food hygienist in the food industry: contextual analysis and perspectives

After an introduction concerning the structure of Italian and European Veterinary Offices, the authors outline the features of food production in the provinces of Parma and Reggio Emilia, particularly concerning the role of veterinary hygienists and of the other professionals operating along the food chain. The authors underline that veterinarians should improve their managerial skills, together with the technical and legal competences acquired during the bachelor course, (eventually integrated by stages in food factories) and undertake continuous post-university improvement, enabling them to face the competition presented by new professionals.