关于云南竹类植物多样性及其保护研究

云南省是世界竹子种类最多、生态类型和天然竹林最丰富的地区之一。本文对云南竹类植物多样性的5个特征，即珍稀种质资源多样性、区系地理成分多样性、天然竹林类型多样性、生态竹林景观多样性、少数民族文化多样性进行了系统研究，论述了与周边地区（东南亚、南亚次大陆、珠江流域、长江流域和喜马拉雅山区等）的密切联系及内在分布格局等，提出了加强云南竹类植物多样性保护和利用的相关措施。作者建议将开发利用价值较高的世界性珍稀濒危竹种，建议列入我国保护植物名录，由国家自然科学基金立项资助进行专题研究，并给予专项资金在全国建成三大种质资源引种保存和试验研究基地。     

竹亚科植物分类研究进展

竹亚科植物具有生长快、周期短、产量高、用途广、投入少等优势,可以带来极大的社会效益、生态效益和经济效益,对我国经济发展和生态环境保护等具有重要作用。由于竹类植物的特殊生长发育规律,至今在形态分类方面存在着很大的分歧,部分竹种存在归属混乱的问题。依据不同的分类方法,文中综述了竹类植物的分类现状和进展,指出了目前竹类植物分类上存在的问题,并对今后竹类植物分类学的研究方向和重点提出了建议。     

云南竹亚科珍稀种质资源及其开花结实研究

论述了云南竹亚科种质资源的基本特点,并对云南珍稀特有种质资源进行了较详细的分析,按属、种排序提出了不同保护等级的保护竹种名录。竹子开花周期较长,许多竹子结实率低,种子的收集、保存和繁殖较为困难,探讨了一些重要竹类开花、结实及采集、保存和利用问题。     

竹亚科的几个新植物

本文发表了产于四川的竹亚科1新种,1重新拟名种,4新变型,1新组合。它们是波柄玉山竹 Yushania crispata Yi,冬竹Dendrocalamus factitius Yi,黑蓉城竹 Phyllostachys bissetiiMcClure f.denigrata Yi et H.R.Qi,金黄百夹竹 Ph.nidularia Munro f.sulfurea Yi et C.G.Chen,黄秆绿槽百夹竹 Ph.nidularia Munro f.speciosa Yi et C.G.Chen,绿秆黄槽百夹竹 Ph.nidularia Munro f.mirabilis Yi et C.Q.Shen,绿秆花黔竹 Dendrocalamus tsiangii(McClure)Chia et H.L.Fung f.striatus(Yi et H.R.Qi)Yi etH.R.Qi。补充记载了黔竹 D.tsiangii(McClure)Chia etH.L.Fung 的花、果形态特证。     

云南竹亚科植物区系及其研究进展

本文对云南竹亚科植物研究进行了初步总结,包括研究综述、分属检索表、竹种名录、区系地理特征分析等,共记载已正式发表或有确切标本证据的竹种共28属220种,简要分析论述了云南竹亚科植物具有丰富的种类组成、多样的类型结构、复杂的区系成分、集中的原始类群等特点。     

云南民族竹文化多样性研究初探

云南竹文化是云南民族文化中最具代表的文化类型。该文通过实地考察专访,介绍了我国云南民族竹文化多样性的成因及表现,并简单提出了保护策略。     

广东省竹类植物多样性的特点及其应用与保护策略的初步探讨

对广东省竹类植物多样性的四个特征,即珍稀种质资源多样性、竹林类型多样性、生态功能多样性、民族竹文化多样性的特点进行了系统研究,提出了加强广东省竹类植物多样性保护和利用的相关措施。建议将开发利用价值较高的世界性珍稀濒危竹种列入我国保护植物名录,由国家自然科学基金立项资助进行专题研究,给予专项资金在我省建成三大竹类种质资源引种保存和试验研究基地。     

云南竹类多样性及其评价研究现状

云南省竹类植物拥有丰富的多样性。文章综合分析了云南竹类多样性的成因、多样性的构成特征以及竹类多样性定量评价的研究现状,提出了构建云南竹类多样性评价体系的建议与努力方向。     

国产竹类植物生物多样性及保护策略

在竹类植物生物多样性保护工作中存在竹类分类混乱、资源不清、研究基础薄弱和竹类资源破坏严重等问题.在今后的竹类植物生物多样性保护中应突出对我国特产、珍稀、濒危竹类植物的调查、认定和拯救保护,将自然保护区的建设放在首要地位,大力发展珍稀竹类的人工培育利用,重视和加强珍稀濒危竹类的迁地保护.     

云南少数民族竹文化多样性及其分布区划研究

云南丰富多彩的竹类多样性孕育了异彩纷呈的少数民族竹文化,是一项具有重要科学价值和社会价值的生态文化资源。民族竹文化多样性是云南民族文化多样性的重要标志之一,是云南民族文化的重要组成部分。文中系统论述了云南少数民族竹文化多样性、少数民族竹文化的分区区划以及少数民族竹文化的特色评价,以期为少数民族文化保护和生态文明建设提供参考。     

Relationship and its ecological significance between plant species diversity and ecosystem function of soil conservation in semi-humid evergreen forests, Yunnan Province, China

In recent years, the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem stability, productivity, and other ecosystem functions has been extensively studied by using theoretical approaches, experimental investigations, and observations in natural ecosystems; however, results are controversial. For example, simple systems were more stable than complex systems in theoretical studies, and higher productivity was observed in human-made ecosystems with poorer species composition, etc. The role of biodiversity in the ecosystem, such as its influence on sustainability, stability, and productivity, is still not understood. Because accelerated soil-erosion in various ecosystems has caused a decrease of primary productivity, a logical way used in the study of the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function can be used to study the relationship between plant species diversity and soil conservation. In addition, biodiversity is a product of evolutionary history, and soil erosion is a key factor controlling the evolution of modern environment on the surface of the Earth. A study on the relationship between biodiversity and soil-erosion processes could help us understand the environmental evolution of Earth. Fifteen 10 m × 40 m standard runoff plots were established to measure surface runoff, soil erosion, and total P loss in different secondary communities of semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forests that varied in composition, diversity, and level of disturbance and soil erosion. The following five communities were studied: AEI (Ass. Elsholtzia fruticosa + Imperata cylindrical), APMO (Ass. Pinus yunnanensis + Myrsine africana + Oplismenus compsitus), APLO (Ass. Pinus yunnanensis + Lithocarpus confines + Oplismenus compsitus), AEME (Ass. Eucalyptus smith + Myrsine africana + Eupatorium adenophorum), and ACKV (Ass. Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides + Keteleeria evelyniana + Viola duelouxii). Tree density, the diameter of the tree at breast height, and the hygroscopic volume of plant leaves were determined in each plot. Results indicated that surface runoff, soil erosion, and total P loss decreased as a power function with increase in plant species diversity. Their average values for three years were 960.20 m³/(hm² · year), 11.4 t/(hm² · year), and 127.69 kg/(hm² · year) in the plot with the lowest species diversity, and 75.55 m³/(hm² · year), 0.28 t/(hm² · year), and 4.71 kg/(hm² · year) in the plot with the highest species diversity, 12, 50, and 25 times respectively lower compared with the lowest species diversity plots. The coefficients of variation of surface runoff, soil erosion, and total P loss also followed a power function with the increase of plant species diversity, and were 287.6, 534.21, and 315.47 respectively in the lowest species diversity plot and 57.93, 187.94, and 59.2 in the highest species diversity plot. Enhanced soil conservation maintained greater stability with increased plant species diversity. Plant individual density increased linearly and the canopy density and cross section at breast height increased logarithmically with the increase of plant species diversity. The hydrological function enhanced as the plant species diversity increased. There were obviously relationships between plant species diversity and rainfall interception, coverage, and plant individual density, which was related to soil conservation functions in the five forest communities. The complex relationships between plant species diversity and the above-mentioned ecological processes indicated that plant species diversity was an important factor influencing the interception of rainfall, reducing soil erosion and enhancing the stability of soil conservation, but its mechanism is not known. This experiment showed that plant species diversity promoted soil and nutrient conservation and ultimately lead to the increase of the primary productivity of the ecosystem, and was thus a good way to study the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Rainfall interception could be assessed easily using the hygroscopic volume of plant leaves. Because there were strong correlations between plant species diversity and soil conservation functions, the patterns of plant species diversity will show a certain level of predictability on the interactions of life systems with surface processes of the Earth. __________ Translated from Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(3): 392–403 [译自: 植物生态学报     

竹材中密度纤维板的初步研究

本文探索了用竹材作原料生产中密度纤维板(MDF)的技术可行性,研究了与MDF质量有关的一些因素。试验结果表明:胶粘剂和防水剂的添加量、热磨和热压条件对板材性能有显著影响。控制好这些工艺参数,可以生产出合格的竹材中密度纤维板。     

台州市植物多样性保护的现状分析及解决对策

对台州市植物多样性的现状、环境条件进行了分析,并结合台州实际提出了植物多样性保护的几点措施。     

云南石林喀斯特景区不同生境大型土壤动物多样性研究

选择云南石林喀斯特景区地带性植被（原始林）及受人为干扰形成的次生林、灌丛、草地、云南松林5种生境,进行雨季、旱季大型土壤动物群落结构、密度、生物量及多样性研究,结果表明：研究区大型土壤动物种类、生物量、多样性指数与干扰状态具有明显关系。景区内土壤动物优势类群为腹足纲、倍足纲、膜翅目和正蚓目,而正蚓目仅在原始林和次生林中出现,且数量较多,为生态环境优劣的重要指示物种;无论旱季或雨季,大型土壤动物的类群数、密度、生物量和多样性指数均以原始林最高,而受人为干扰最重的灌丛和草地则最低;该区大型土壤动物的分布有明显的表聚现象;5种生境大型土壤动物群落相似性均较低,而受人为保护的次生林与原始林土壤动物类群的相似性最高。     

Biodiversity and its fragility in Yunnan,China

In Yunnan, 8 major aspects of biodiversity and fragility in landforms, ecosystems, distribution populations, alien invasion, segregation, pollution and maladministration with various menace factors causing biodiversity loss have been described. It is revealed that the facts that the biodiversity and fragility coexists in this paper. Accordingly, 6 major countermeasures for effective conservation and rational utilization of the provincial biodiversity were suggested on the basis of the scientific development concepts, principles of nature protection, conservation biology, resource management and ethnobotany and present status in Yunnan with rich intangible resources such as climatic, ethnical and cultural diversity, etc.     

贵州原生竹种资源及其观赏特性研究

在实地调查与查阅的基础上,概述了贵州原生竹类植物的种类及分布状况,并就其观赏特性进行分析, 对园林用途进行了叙述。     

青岛耐冬山茶的多样性特征及其保护

青岛近海岛屿分布的山茶是典型的亚热带区系成分,因为其耐寒性强被当地人称为“耐冬”。通过研究耐冬山茶种群的形态和基因多样性特征,以及栽培种群与野生种群之间的遗传分化和机制,对耐冬山茶种群的濒危原因和保护策略进行了分析和探讨,认为必须有效保护一定大小的野生种群及其生境,才能从根本上保持“耐冬”种群的多样性资源。     

邵武将石省级自然保护区兰科植物多样性及保护利用

初步统计,邵武将石省级自然保护区共有兰科植物34属64种(铁皮石斛及落叶兰为福建新记录种)。区内兰科植物生活类型多样,区系成分比较复杂,各种地理成分相互交错,渗透现象明显,以热带成分22属(含38种、占总属数64.7%)占优势,温带成分10属(含19种、占总属数29.4%)影响较大。调查发现,区内兰科植物花期重叠与交替现象明显,并存在种下异变。针对资源濒临绝迹现状,提出保护利用的对策。