环保好习惯健康伴成长——蒙牛学生奶环保主题校园宣传活动拉开帷幕

青岛，这颗胶州半岛上的明珠近年来吸引了越来越多的目光。得益于山东省持续走高的经济热潮，贸易口岸的优势以及外资的注入，青岛向世界展现出了前所未有的发展速度。     

发现商机的14大法则

商机无论大小,从经济意义上讲一定是能由此产生利润的机会.商机表现为需求的产生与满足的方式上在时间、地点、成本、数量、对象上的不平衡状态.旧的商机消失后,新的商机又会出现.没有商机,就不会有"交易"活动.商机转化为财富,必定满足五个"合适":合适的产品或服务,合适的客户,合适的价格,合适的时间,合适的渠道.目前我们能认识的商机大致可归结为14种:     

省级兽药经销商经营模式分析

这里所说的省级兽药经销商并不是一个确切的概念,而是泛指在省内跨地区经营的较大规模的兽药经销商,一般分布在地区级城市或养殖业发达的县城、乡镇。在吉林省内数量不多,但其影响很大,对市场起主导作用,代表着兽药市场的现状及今后的发展方向,研究他们的经营模式及每一种模     

植酸酶基因工程的研究进展

通过基因工程的方法获得能耐热、耐酸的植酸酶工程菌是目前植酸酶研究的热点.本文综述了近年来植酸酶在新菌株的筛选,酶的分子改造以及转基因方面的研究,并分析了植酸酶的研究方向和应用前景.     

海星资源的开发现状及发展动态

海洋生物种群复杂多样,种类繁多,特殊的生长环境使得它们自身及其代谢产物具有特殊的功能,不仅具有丰富的营养价值,而且对人类及动物的多种疾病具有很好的疗效.海星是海洋中为数众多的一类海底栖息无脊椎动物,富含蛋白、氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、微量元素和维生素等,必需氨基酸比例合理,将其作为人类的营养美食有很好的开发前景.     

缩小分组饲养的面积

在丹麦,人们已经提出一个分组饲养妊娠母猪的新观念,名叫"最佳猪栏",它把群饲设备与单独饲喂和铺有稻草、排水良好的地面结合在一起,见图1.对这种设计的研究显示,给妊娠母猪建成一个既有饲喂/休息的去处,又有一个铺垫良好的躺卧处的猪栏-所占面积总量与配备给群饲母猪的电子饲喂系统的场地所使用的面积相当.     

母猪繁殖障碍综合征的成因分析

对于自繁自养的猪场而言,母猪繁殖性能直接影响到猪场的生产成本及效益。近年来多因素多病原的作用导致的母猪繁殖障碍综合征已严重影响到母猪的健康状况及其生产能力,给养猪业带来了重大损失,本文从引起母猪繁殖障碍综合征主要的形成原因及对应的临床症状入手,希望给养猪业的同行提供有益的参考。     

蜂针在传统医疗上的应用

将蜂疗应用在医学上,主要在补充传统医疗的不足。西医的治疗是属于急性的治疗,中医的治疗则属于慢性的疾病治疗,这两种治疗不外乎药物治疗。药物的应用虽然可使疾病程度降低,但也造成身体的负担,个人的体质不同,药物也有不同程度的代谢及滞留,因此近代西方医学提倡预防养生的自然疗法,蜂疗中的蜂针疗法利用中医的针灸法,循经取穴,依照不同的病情,选择穴位点进行螫刺,使蜂毒通过螫针从穴位进入体内,以达到治疗疾病的目的。蜂毒可增加免疫系统的能力,降低过敏因子的活动力,活化细胞,增加循环系统的代谢能力、改善体质,并有抗癌效果。因此蜂疗…     

猪圆环病毒病的诊断与防治对策

猪圆环病毒感染(PCI)是由猪圆环病毒(PCV)感染相关的以免疫抑制为特征的一类病毒性传染病.猪圆环病毒与其他病原体混合感染存在高度相关性;短时间内在世界范围广泛的传播;对猪存在广泛的高度易感性,对免疫器官的严重攻击,导致高度免疫抑制性;目前尚缺商品化的疫苗、有效的治疗药物和有效的控制能力,使养猪业蒙受惨重的经济损失,成为当前国内外对养猪业危害极大的病毒性传染病.探讨防制该病的有效措施,是当前国内外养猪业密切注视的热点.     

聊城大学校园灰喜鹊营巢特征调查

根据2005～2007年每年1次的聊城大学校园灰喜鹊巢址分布情况的调查结果,作者发现,近3 a来灰喜鹊巢的数量以每年15%的数量在增加;灰喜鹊选择杨树(毛白杨和银白杨)作为筑巢树种的比例高达82%,且筑巢的高度存在一定程度的下降.其中,以营巢树为中心,半径为10 m的样方内树的数量2～4株占71.8%.此外,生活区的巢的数量所占比例呈逐年增加趋势.这一研究结果对如何进行校园绿地的规划以及鸟类保护具有一定的指导作用.     

Accessing genotype by environment interaction using within- and across-country test-day random regression sire models

First-lactation test-day (TD) milk records of Luxembourg and Tunisian Holsteins were analysed for evidence of genotype by environment interaction (G × E). The joint data included 730 810 TD records of 87 734 cows and 231 common sires. Random regression TD sire models with fourth-order Legendre polynomials were used to estimate genetic parameters via within- and across-country analyses. Daily heritability estimates of milk yield from within-country analysis were between 0.11 and 0.32, and 0.03 and 0.13 in Luxembourg and Tunisia, respectively. Heritability estimates for 305-day milk yield and persistency (defined as the breeding value for milk yield on DIM 280 minus the breeding value on DIM 80) were lower for Tunisian Holsteins compared with the Luxembourg population. Specifically, heritability for 305-day milk yield was 0.16 for within- and 0.11 for across-country analyses for Tunisian Holsteins and 0.38 for within- and 0.40 for across-country analyses for Luxembourg Holsteins. Heritability for apparent persistency was 0.02 for both within- and across-country analyses for Tunisian Holsteins and 0.08 for within- and 0.09 for across-country analyses for Luxembourg Holsteins. Genetic correlations between the two countries were 0.50 for 305-day milk yield and 0.43 for apparent persistency. Moreover, rank correlations between the estimated breeding values of common sires for 305-day milk yield and persistency, estimated separately in each country, were low. Low genetic correlations are evidence for G × E for milk yield production while low rank correlations suggest different rankings of sires in both environments. Results from this study indicate that milk production of daughters of the same sires depends greatly on the production environment and that importing high merit semen for limited input systems might not be an effective strategy to improve milk production.     

实验条件下山羊绒洗净因素对口蹄疫病毒的影响

模拟我国和蒙古国洗净羊绒企业山羊绒洗涤工艺,进行了不同的洗涤水温及作用时间、不同的烘干温度及作用时间对口蹄疫病毒灭活作用的检测。结果表明,水温在64℃以下处理60min不能灭活羊绒中的口蹄疫病毒NM-zg99毒株,65℃处理60min、66℃处理45min、75℃处理10min、80℃处理5min能灭活羊绒中的口蹄疫病毒;高温烘干对羊绒中口蹄疫病毒的灭活与温度和作用时间密切相关,70℃处理约35min、75℃处理约25min能灭活口蹄疫病毒,80～90℃处理20min、95～105℃处理15min、110℃处理10min能使口蹄疫病毒失活。该试验结果为我国制定进口洗净毛、绒检验标准提供了参考数据,并对洗净羊绒企业改进羊毛、绒洗涤工艺具有指导意义。     

First genetic data for band-winged grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae) of the Biskra region of Algeria with new records for the country

DNA barcoding represents an objective tool for fast species identification, especially for taxa for which morphological identification is difficult. One current limitation of barcoding is the lack of reference sequences for many groups. While many European and North American countries have started their own barcoding initiatives to generate complete local inventories and databases, such efforts are sparse for African, Asian and South American countries, despite their high biodiversity and comparably poorly explored faunas. Therefore, it is important to start local barcoding efforts in such countries. In this study we performed DNA barcoding for the band-winged grasshoppers of the Biskra province in Algeria, a region of high diversity for this taxon. All specimens were identified morphologically and then barcoded. We generated a total of 47 sequences of the COI gene for 22 morphologically identified species of Oedipodinae, many of which were sequenced for the first time. We present the data in a phylogenetic tree, which suggests monophyly for most genera, but rejects it for Sphingonotus and Vosseleriana. Statistical species delimitation worked well for most genera, except those within the Sphingonotini, likely because these have radiated rather recently. Together with data sourced from the literature we used our new data set to generate an updated list of band-winged grasshoppers for the region. Several species are recorded for the region and for the country for the first time. One species appears to be new to science. Furthermore, we found geographic variation within several more widespread species for which data from other countries were present. We consider the new data as an important resource for future faunistic, ecological and biodiversity studies and point out the importance of local (taxon-specific) barcoding studies.     

Recovery of Moraxella ovis from the bovine respiratory tract and differentiation of Moraxella species by tDNA-intergenic spacer PCR

The purpose of the present study was to identify Moraxella (M.)—like organisms recovered from calves suffering from respiratory disease down to species level by means of tDNA-intergenic spacer length polymorphism analysis (tDNA-PCR), and to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing of these isolates using an agar dilution technique. A total of 16 isolates originating from 12 unrelated occasions were identified as Moraxella ovis, and tDNA fingerprinting showed clear delineation from other Moraxella species. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (in μg/mL) for 90% of the investigated isolates were ≤0.03 for ampicillin; 0.25 for ceftiofur; 0.5 for oxytetracycline; 8 for gentamicin; 64 for spectinomycin; 0.5/9.5 for the combination trimethoprim-sulfonamides; 4 for erythromycin; 8 for tilmicosin; 1 for florfenicol and 0.125 for enrofloxacin.     

绵羊生长性状母本效应方差组分、遗传参数估计的研究

本文利用公畜母畜模型和公畜外祖父模型估计了初生重、断奶重的直接加性遗传方差、母本遗传方差和遗传参数,得出初生重的直接加性遗传效应、母本遗传效应和总的加性遗传效应的遗传力分别为:0.164、0.101、0.103;断奶重相应的各遗传力为:0.076、0.108、0.081。初生重和断奶重二性状加性遗传效应和母本遗传效应间的遗传相关为:-0.57和-0.36。     

花生饼、粕鸡猪氨基酸真消化率的测定

本试验采用猪回直肠吻合法及“ＴＭＥ”改良法,分别测定了猪鸡对花生饼、粕的氨基酸真消化率（ＴＤＡＡ） 。结果表明：鸡的花生饼、粕ＴＤＡＡ 值相近。其中Ｌｙｓ 的ＴＤＡＡ 分别为８６ ．２ ％ 和８８ ．８ ％ ,为最低者：Ａｒｇ 的ＴＤＡＡ 分别为９６ ．２ ％ 和９７ ．１ ％ ,为最高者。花生饼、粕猪ＴＤＡＡ 中Ｌｙｓ 、Ｍｅｔ、Ｔｈｒ 较低,分别为８４ ．４ ％ 和８１ ．９ ％ ;８４ ．９ ％ 和８４ ．１ ％ ;８４ ．３ ％ 和８２ ．３ ％ 。精氨酸ＴＤＡＡ 最高,分别为９７ ．０ ％ 和９６ ．４ ％ 。     

Comparison of intradermal testing and serum testing for allergen-specific IgE using monoclonal IgE antibodies in 84 atopic dogs

OBJECTIVE: To compare an ELISA measuring serum allergen-specific IgE with intradermal skin testing in canine atopic dermatitis. PROCEDURE: Eighty-four dogs with the clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis underwent intradermal skin testing and serum testing for allergen-specific IgE. Tests were performed in a blinded fashion. Positive reactions were compared and the sensitivity and specificity of the serum test (using intradermal skin test as the standard) were determined overall and for individual allergen groups (grass pollens, weed pollens, tree pollens, house dust mites and fleas). RESULTS: The sensitivity of the ELISA overall was 90.4%. Evaluating the individual allergen groups, the sensitivity for dust mite hypersensitivity was 95.1%, for fleas 85.4%, for tree pollens 84.3%, for grass pollens 95.1% and for weed pollens 96.4%. The specificity was 91.6% overall, for dust mites 96.3%, for fleas 92.7%, for tree pollens 95.2%, for grass pollens 94% and for weed pollens 80.7%. CONCLUSION: The evaluated ELISA seemed reliable for the diagnosis of atopy in practice and can be recommended as a screening test prior to intradermal skin testing or for use in dogs when immunotherapy is not a therapeutic option.     

Incorporation of observations with different residual error variances into existing complex test-day models

Automated milking systems (AMS) have become popular on dairy farms. Due to a different test-day recording scheme the variation of test-day observations differ from AMS differ from those of conventional milking system (CMS). An approach is presented for upgrading the genetic evaluation model for production traits milk, protein and fat yield by including residual covariance matrices for AMS and CMS test-day observations. Residual variances were found to be 16–37% smaller for milk and protein yields and 42–47% larger for fat yield when recorded under AMS herds compared to CMS herds. Daily heritability was higher for milk and protein yield and lower for fat yield when traits were recorded under AMS compared to recording under CMS. No difference was found between AMS and CMS in 305-day heritability for milk and protein yield except for second lactation milk yield. 305-day heritability for fat was lower for all lactations under AMS.     

输入猪三种主要疾病的免疫抗体检测

用猪瘟、猪蓝耳病、猪伪狂犬病抗体免疫金标试纸条,对途经运输环节进青的猪进行三种病免疫抗体检测。结果:猪瘟阳性率生猪为59%,仔猪为20.8%;猪蓝耳病生猪为1.2%,仔猪为0;猪伪狂犬病生猪为15.9%、仔猪为2%。说明生猪来源地抗体滴度总体不高,需加强免疫注射。     

Evidence for multiple anthelmintic resistance in sheep and goats reared under the same management in coastal Kenya

Four experiments, two with sheep and two with goats, were carried out to determine the efficacy of ivermectin, fenbendazole, levamisole, closantel and some of their combinations by faecal egg count reduction tests. In the first experiment, injectable ivermectin, oral ivermectin, fenbendazole and levamisole were tested in 6-month-old lambs, and their reduction percentages were 77%, 13%, 42% and 92%, respectively. In the second experiment, with yearling sheep, the reduction percentages were 35% for injectable ivermectin, 32% for fenbendazole, 99% for levamisole, 48% for closantel, 92% for injectable ivermectin combined with fenbendazole, 99% for injectable ivermectin combined with levamisole, and 100% for fenbendazole combined with levamisole. In the study with 18-month-old goats given the same dose rates as those recommended for sheep, the reduction percentages were 73% for injectable ivermectin, 25% for fenbendazole, and 78% for levamisole. Another group of 14-month-old goats was treated with dose rates 1.5 times those recommended for sheep and the reduction percentages were 93% for levamisole, 92% for injectable ivermectin, and 97% for a combination of levamisole and ivermectin. In all experiments with sheep and goats the gastrointestinal nematode parasites identified by larval cultures were Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus spp. and Oesophagostomum spp. The gastrointestinal nematodes of both sheep and goats on this farm are resistant to ivermectin and fenbendazole, whereas levamisole is still effective in sheep, but not in goats. The results are discussed in relation to the farm as a source of breeding stock to smallholder farmers and its potential to spread anthelmintic resistance.