荷兰、比利时奶牛业发展现状

作为国家外专局2002年重点资助项目，受国家农业部的委派，笔者于2003年1月7日～27日随农业部学习、考察团赴荷兰、比利时学习奶牛胚胎移植技术。主要培训内容是学习奶牛胚胎移植技术、基因分析、奶牛育种、良种登记、生产性能测定和饲养管理等。期间，我们还访问了比利时佛莱     

Viral skin diseases in the Netherlands

The most common viral skin problems are discussed in the third article in our equine dermatology series.     

BSE in the Netherlands: an update

Up to 2006, there have been 82 cases of BSE in cattle born in the Netherlands. This article reviews the current situation regarding BSE in the Netherlands and summarizes the clinical symptoms of the disease. Data from the Netherlands show that a passive surveillance system, by which farmers and veterinarians have to report suspect clinical cases, has a low sensitivity. The epidemiology of, and risk factors for, BSE are discussed. All the Dutch cases of BSE can be attributed to cross-contamination of feed with meat-and-bone meal. On the basis of information about the epidemic and the cases reported to date, it is anticipated that the number of cases of BSE will continue to decline in the Netherlands and Europe. The European Commission has presented a road map that describes how the European BSE policy can be changed in the short and long term if the current favourable trend in BSE cases continues. It is time for a new phase in the management of BSE but with continued protection of the public's health and eradication of BSE.     

Trypanosomiasis in a dog imported in the Netherlands

Summary

A case‐report is presented of a Trypanosoma evansi infection in a dog imported from Nepal. The clinical symptoms included fever, anorexia, and weight loss. Diagnosis was made through morphologic study of blood smears from the patient.     

Hypoderma diana in roe deer in the Netherlands

An infestation with Hypoderma diana in roe deer in the Netherlands is described. The condition of the infested deer was poor. Hypoderma diana is no threat for cattle.     

Collie eye anomaly in Collies in the Netherlands

Summary

The eyes of 160 Collies were examined for Collie Eye Anomaly, Progressive Retinal Atrophy, and any other eye abnormality present. The incidence of CEA in 160 Collies was 40.6 per cent.

There were no cases of PRA. Other abnormalities noted were distichiasis, persistent pupillary membranes, distinct remnants of the hyaloid artery, corneal dystrophy and unilateral cataracts.     

Curriculum development in the Netherlands: introduction of tracks in the 2001 curriculum at Utrecht University, The Netherlands

The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Utrecht has recently introduced two major curriculum changes in order to keep pace with developments in research (the vast increase in scientific knowledge), in society (the quality awareness of veterinary clients), and in the veterinary profession, where a species and sector differentiation can be observed. After about 15 years during which the curriculum remained more or less unchanged, a radical curriculum revision was introduced in 1995. A further revision, with the introduction of separate study tracks, began in 2001. The 2001 curriculum focuses on academic and scientific training, active learning and problem solving, training in communication and professional behavior, and lifelong learning. It is divided into a four-year core curriculum, in which a broad, cross-species pathobiological insight is central, and a two-year track curriculum, through which students achieve a starting competence in a specific species or sector. The main teaching methods are tutorials and group tasks; practical work is used mainly to achieve specific veterinary skills. Teaching hours represent 30-35% of all study hours. Self-teaching is encouraged by providing study materials, self-teaching questions, teachers assigned to assist with self-teaching, and adequate facilities. The five tracks offered are Companion Animals/Equine; Food Animals; Veterinary Public Health; Veterinary Research; and Veterinary Administration and Management. All students follow a uniform 30-week clinical rotation program, while the track program is 42 weeks. A summary of admission procedures is given, as well as the times and procedures for track selection.