应用RAPD技术对香菇融合菌株进行遗传鉴定

本文应用RAPD技术与聚类分析方法,对香菇细胞融合菌株F1及亲本S1、465进行遗传分析.根据DNA扩增的指纹图谱,估算融合子与亲本的DNA相似系数并构建遗传相关性聚类图.结果表明,RAPD技术与聚类分析方法可应用于香菇细胞融合菌株的遗传鉴定.     

广东省草菇主要栽培菌株RAPD多态性分析

利用RAPD标记对广东省8个草菇主要栽培菌株的亲缘关系和遗传多样性进行研究,获得了草菇不同菌株的DNA指纹图谱。分子聚类结果表明,8个供试菌株可分成两组：菌株V17、V844和粤草01为一组;粤草02、粤草03、粤草04、V5-1和V23为另一组,且同一组内的DNA多态性也有差异。RAPD扩增指纹能有效分辨不同菌株的基因型,可为草菇商业菌株的鉴别提供快速有效的技术手段,为规范食用菌菌种生产管理提供科学依据。     

香菇菌株遗传多样性ISSR、RAPD和SRAP综合分析

采用ISSR、RAPD和SRAP分子标记技术对收集到的26株供试香菇(Lentinula edodes)菌株进行遗传多样性分析,将分析数据合并构建UPGMA亲缘关系树状图,综合分析结果表明,26株供试香菇菌株间的遗传相似系数范围为0.49～0.97,在相似系数0.61时可分为3个类群,具有相似遗传背景或来源于野生资源的菌株优先聚类在同一亚群,由5株野生菌株组成的第三类群与21株主栽菌株相似系数仅为0.50,存在非常明显的遗传差异.该试验结果表明:该方法可以更好地解释供试香菇菌株间的亲缘关系;加强野生香菇种质资源的评价和鉴定研究,将有利于我国现有主栽香菇的品种改良和培育出具有自主知识产权的优良香菇新品种.     

应用RAPD方法鉴别香菇菌株的研究

作者采用单个、10-碱基的随机引物(Operon公司产品)PCR扩增香菇的多态性DNA。测试的7个引物均能扩增15个香菇菌株的DNA,扩增位点为12～19个,DNA片段大小为0.34kp～2.52kp。除菌株ATCC 28759和ATCC 28760所有引物扩增的DNA指纹图谱均相同外,其余13个菌株都有其独特的DNA谱带。结果表明,RAPD方法可用于鉴别香菇菌株间的差异,在食用菌遗传育种研究中具有广泛的用途。     

不同香菇菌株硒耐受性比较研究

为筛选适合陕南地区不同季节栽培的富硒香菇优良菌株。以12个香菇菌株为研究对象,采用平板划线培养法,研究不同质量浓度的亚硒酸钠对不同香菇菌株的菌丝长势、菌落形态及菌丝生长速率的影响,以及亚硒酸钠对香菇菌株安香1号生长发育的影响。结果表明,不同质量浓度亚硒酸钠对不同香菇菌株菌丝生长影响较大。综合菌丝长势、菌落形态、菌丝生长速率3个指标,在进行富硒香菇生产中,建议春栽香菇品种首选安香1号,其次为908;夏栽香菇品种首选武香,其次为212;秋栽香菇品种首选868,其次为109。不同浓度亚硒酸钠对安香1号生长发育影响较大,当亚硒酸钠质量浓度为300 mg·L^-1时,安香1号子实体硒含量最高,为216.347mg·kg^-1。因此,适宜浓度的亚硒酸钠是影响香菇生长的关键因素。     

15个代料栽培香菇菌株的分子鉴别

以福建省已认定的15个代料栽培香菇菌株为材料，用50个随机引物对其进行RAPD分析。结果表明，50个随机引物中，S11、S22、S23、S29、S31、S33、S42、S45和S47可以获得重复性好、具有多态性的理想图谱。以S42作为引物进行扩增，产生的多态性DNA片段作为分子标记，可以有效地鉴别15个香菇菌株。     

从DNA水平上分析香菇不同菌株的遗传差异

本文选取了10个中国香菇野生种和2个栽培种.采用RAPD技术进行遗传差异测定.16个随机引物共扩增出118条DNA带,在此基础上分析并构建了遗传相关聚类图.结果表明,我国的香菇野生资源存在着较大的遗传差异,10个野生种菌株之间的遗传相似性在50%～80 %之间.     

食用真菌空间诱变育种研究

本研究将香菇、平菇、黑木耳、金针菇、灵芝等食用菌材料进行了卫星或高空气球搭载,随之进行地面实验。结果表明,搭载材料在拮抗反应、菌丝生长速度、出菇形态等方面出现明显变异。RAPD分析的结果也证实一些搭载菌株在DNA水平上发生了变异。以上结果表明,空间诱变可能为食用菌的遗传育种提供新途径。     

野生马桑香菇的鉴定及其生物学特性

以贵州省生物研究所保藏的马桑香菇菌株为试材,对其进行ITS鉴定,按照基础生物学研究方法,研究了不同碳源、氮源、温度以及pH对其菌丝生长的影响,以期为野生马桑香菇资源的开发利用提供参考依据。结果表明:所选菌株为有机香菇下的进化分支,同其它香菇属食用菌具有本源差异,且野生马桑香菇菌丝的最优碳源为蔗糖,最优氮源为蛋白胨,最适pH为7~10,培养温度以23~25℃最优。     

野生香菇菌株筛选试验

将采集的45个野生香菇菌株、10个对照香菇菌株进行PDA平板培养,观测菌丝生长速度、菌丝长势、菌丝被膜及菌落色素;55个菌株经平板拮抗试验结果表明55个菌株间均存在拮抗反应,说明这55个香菇菌株可能为55个不同的香菇品种。45个野生香菇菌株经人工驯化栽培,均可正常出菇,其中L-44和L-23产量最高,分别达到637.66 g/袋和632.50 g/袋,出菇期集中,可作为高产或工厂化菌株育种目标菌株开展进一步驯化栽培研究。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Expression and significance of c-IAP2 and GAS1 in Hodgkin's lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma

AIM: To detect the expression of cytoplasmic inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (c-IAP2) and growth arrest-specific gene 1 (GAS1) in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and to investigate the role of two genes in the pathogenesis of HL and ALCL.METHODS: HE staining, the antibodies CD30, CD15, CD45RO and CD20 were used to screen the cases of HL and ALCL from 288 cases of lymphoma. The clarified HL and ALCL were subjected for immunohistochemical staining by SP and ABC methods to analyze the expression of c-IAP2 and GAS1. RESULTS: ①The positive rate of c-IAP2 in HL was 25/26(96.1%) while that in ALCL was 6/19(31.6%), there presented statistic significance between HL and ALCL groups(P<0.05), meanwhile the positive rate of GAS1 showed statistic significance between HL and ALCL groups(P<0.05). ②Two cases were showed to be a mixed type combined with large tumor cells of HL and relatively smaller tumor cells of ALCL.CONCLUSION: ①The different expression of c-IAP2 and GAS1 in HL and ALCL implied a different mechanism of oncogenesis and the different defects in the pathway of signal transduction of apoptosis in HL and ALCL;②Few cases showed an overlap and a likely transitional state between HL and ALCL; ③The different expressing manner of GAS1 and c-IAP2 in HL and ALCL implied the potential marks for the differential dignosis of two kinds of lymphoma.     

Effects of patch attributes, barriers, and distance between patches on the distribution of a rock-dwelling rodent (Lagidium viscacia)

We tested whether size of habitat patches and distance between patches are sufficient to predict the distribution of the mountain vizcacha Lagidium viscacia a large, rock-dwelling rodent of the Patagonian steppe Argentina, or whether information on other patch and landscape characteristics also is required. A logistic regression model including the distance between rock crevices and depth of crevices, distance between a patch and the nearest occupied patch, and whether or not there was a river separating it from the nearest occupied patch was a better predictor of patch occupancy by mountain vizcachas than was a model based only on patch size and distance between patches. Our results indicate that a simple metapopulation analysis based on size of habitat patches and distance between patches may not provide an accurate representation of regional population dynamics if patches vary in habitat quality independently of patch size and features in the matrix alter connectivity. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Inhibitory β-adrenergic receptor in heart

β₃-adrenergic receptor is the third subtype of β-adrenergic receptors. The genetic structure and pharmacological property of β₃-adrenergic receptor are markedly distinguished from β₁-and β₂-adrenergic receptor subtypes. Recently studies show that myocardial β₃-adrenergic receptor mediates negative inotropic effect through Gi-protein/NO/cGMP pathway, the expression of β₃-adrenergic receptor and negative inotropic effect mediated by β₃-adrenergic receptor are increased in heart failure. However, because of the low expression of β₃-adrenergic receptor in the heart, the actual pathophysiological significance of β₃-adrenergic receptor remains unknown.