长期稻草还田对紫色水稻土肥力和生产力的影响

通过8年淹水条件下一季中稻的田间定位试验,研究了长期稻草还田以及稻草与不同化肥配合施用对紫色水稻土生产力和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,稻草与N、P、K化肥配合施用能维持或提高紫色水稻土的生产力和土壤肥力;水稻获得了持续高产,土壤有机质和全氮含量提高,土壤磷的有效性增加,速效钾与试验前基本平衡。纯化肥处理尤其是N、NP、NK处理水稻产量、土壤氮和钾含量逐年降低,不能维持系统生产力和土壤肥力。稻草还田对翌年水稻具有显著的增产作用,8年平均稻草还田处理比对照增产39.5%,稻草的增产作用还随着稻草还田时间的延长而逐年升高。稻草还田携入的钾与化学钾肥具有相同的营养功效,稻草可替代部分化学钾肥。     

施用预处理稻秆的土壤供氮特征及对冬小麦氮吸收的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了经过预处理的水稻秸秆(预处理稻秆)施入土壤后对土壤的供氮特征及小麦氮营养的影响。研究结果表明,稻秆经过预处理后,纤维素、半纤维素以及二氧化硅比原始稻秆都有所降低,而可溶性物质增加;施用时配施无机氮肥,小麦全生育期内土壤微生物量N和矿质态N平均分别比对照(纯土壤)提高232.3%和66.0%,小麦干物重和吸收总氮量分别比对照高56.3%和124.3%,并优于未经处理的原始秸秆及单施尿素处理。可见处理秸秆配施尿素能够显著改善土壤的供氮状况,促进小麦对氮素的吸收,增加小麦产量,提高化学肥料氮的利用率。     

高供氮水平下不同硅肥对水稻茎秆特征的影响

【目的】 倒伏是水稻生长的主要限制因子,不仅降低稻谷的产量,而且还影响其品质。因此,通过在两种氮水平条件下,研究硅肥对水稻茎秆特征及其抗倒伏的影响。 【方法】 以唐粳2号水稻品种为材料,在田间试验条件下,设不施硅 (–Si)、硅酸钠 (Si1) 和硅钙肥 (Si2) 三个硅处理 (SiO₂ 用量 70 kg/hm2),每个硅处理含正常和过量两个氮水平 (分别为N 180 和450 kg/hm2)。水稻成熟期,测量株高、第1节和第2节长度、茎粗、旗叶和倒2片叶夹角、茎秆厚度和茎秆抗折力,分析水稻植株中硅和钾的含量,并观测了水稻茎秆的解剖显微结构。 【结果】 正常供氮水平(180kg/hm2)下,施硅对水稻株高、节间长度、茎粗、旗叶和倒2片叶夹角均无显著影响。过量供氮条件下,施硅显著降低水稻基部第1节和第2节长度,倒2片叶夹角显著降低了20%(P < 0.05),显著增加了水稻基部第1节和第2节壁厚度和茎粗,增加了茎的细胞层数和紧实度,促进维管束的发育。过量供氮水平下,与不施硅相比,施用硅酸钠的植株硅含量在水稻拔节期和成熟期分别显著提高了14.2%和11.3% ( P < 0.05),施用硅钙肥处理的均显著提高了14.9% ( P < 0.05);成熟期各处理水稻植株抗折力从大到小表现为Si2 > Si1 > –Si,施硅的水稻茎秆倒伏指数均显著低于不施硅处理,且过量供氮水平,施硅钙肥的倒伏指数比施硅酸钠的处理显著降低了6.2% ( P < 0.05);施用硅酸钠和硅钙肥的水稻产量分别显著增加12.3%和12.5% ( P < 0.05)。 【结论】 过量施用氮肥条件下,可增加水稻基部第1节和第2节壁厚度和茎粗,增加茎细胞层数和紧实度,从而提高茎秆的抗倒伏指数,显著提高水稻产量。供试土壤上硅钙肥效果好于硅酸钠。      

我国水稻秸秆磷分布及其还田对土壤磷输入的贡献

我国水稻秸秆资源丰富,水稻秸秆还田是向土壤输入磷素的重要途径之一。对我国各省区不同季别水稻秸秆还田的土壤磷输入贡献进行测算,可有针对性地为水稻秸秆还田条件下土壤磷素优化管理及平衡调控提供科学参考和指导。本研究基于《中国农村统计年鉴》中水稻生产统计资料和文献调研参数,对2013—2018年我国主要稻区不同季别水稻秸秆磷养分资源时空分布特征以及单位播种面积水稻秸秆还田的土壤磷素输入量进行分析。结果表明,2018年我国主要稻区早稻、双季晚稻和中晚稻秸秆产量分别为2327万t、2783万t和13 527万t,长江中游和长江下游稻区的水稻秸秆资源量居于全国前列,分别占33.6%和21.8%。2013—2018年我国水稻秸秆磷(P_2O_5)养分产量呈缓慢增长的趋势,从2013年的59.7万t增加到2018年的62.8万t。2018年水稻秸秆磷养分资源主要分布在黑龙江(15.0%)、湖南(12.5%)、江苏(10.0%)、湖北(9.9%)和江西(9.6%)等省份。2013—2018年我国主要稻区早稻、双季晚稻及中晚稻秸秆还田的年均土壤磷养分输入量分别为13.9～15.1kg(P_2O_5)·hm~(-2)、16.0～20.9 kg(P_2O_5)·hm~(-2)和19.3～29.3 kg(P_2O_5)·hm~(-2)。从全国范围来看,早稻、双季晚稻和中晚稻秸秆还田下的土壤磷养分输入量平均分别为14.4 kg(P_2O_5)·hm~(-2)、18.2 kg(P_2O_5)·hm~(-2)和24.4 kg(P_2O_5)·hm~(-2)。基于上述测算结果,建议我国主要稻区各省份在水稻特别是中晚稻秸秆还田条件下,基于秸秆磷素携入量适当调整磷肥投入量,以实现土壤磷养分收支平衡,控制农田磷养分盈余及流失风险。     

荆门市小麦地稻草覆盖增产作用及机理

在荆门市白散土(黄棕壤发育的水稻土)上进行的田间小区试验表明,稻草覆盖小麦田后,土壤速效钾含量大幅提高,并能改善土壤理化性状,显著增加土壤含水量,调节地温,提高土壤肥力。覆草与对照相比,可明显增加小麦有效穗和千粒重,产量由不覆盖的2899 5kg/hm2增高到3558kg/hm2。实验室淋溶试验可看出,3小时后稻草中84%的钾就被淋溶出来。而在大田试验中4个月后,有90%的钾进入土壤。所以秸秆还田是缓解钾肥资源不足的一项有效措施,值得推广应用。     

5年定位试验条件下钾肥用量对双季稻产量和施钾效应的影响

通过5年定位试验（2008~2012年）, 研究不同钾肥施用量对水稻产量、植株钾素含量、钾素积累量、钾肥利用率、土壤钾素含量、钾素平衡和钾肥经济效益的影响。试验施钾量（K2O）从低到高设K0（不施钾）、K1（早稻84 kg/hm2、晚稻105 kg/hm2）、K2（早稻120kg/hm2、晚稻 150 kg/hm2）、K3（早稻156kg/hm2、晚稻195 kg/hm2）和K4（早稻192kg/hm2、晚稻 240kg/hm2）5个处理。5年的试验结果表明, 施钾能显著提高早、晚稻产量,在一定施钾量范围内,水稻产量随施钾量的增加而增加;施钾能促进水稻植株对钾素的吸收和积累,尤其是稻草对钾素的吸收和积累;早、晚稻的钾肥农学效应均以K2处理最高（早稻3.12 kg/kg、晚稻3.70 kg/kg）;钾肥利用率以K1处理最高（早稻41.2%、晚稻76.4%）,并随施钾量提高而降低;不同施钾量对土壤钾素含量有明显影响,土壤速效钾、缓效钾和土壤全钾均随施钾量的增加而增加,且不同处理间土壤速效钾含量差异达极显著水平（P＜0.01）;连续种植5年10季水稻后,K0、K1和K2处理的土壤钾素亏缺（K 127.1kg/hm2、 58.3kg/hm2和10.8kg/hm2）,亏缺量随施钾量的增加而降低; K3和K4处理的土壤钾素盈余（48.0 kg/hm2 和109.2kg/hm2）,盈余量随施钾量的增加而增加。在经济效益上,早、晚稻产投比均以K2处理最高（早稻1.04、晚稻1.27）。综合考虑施钾的增产效应、经济效益和土壤钾素养分平衡等因素,建议该双季稻区早稻施钾量在K2O 120~156 kg/hm2、晚稻施钾量在K2O 150~195kg/hm2范围内较为适宜。     

Effect of Amorphous Silicon Dioxide on Cadmium Behavior in the Soil–Rice Plant System

The effect of amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO₂) on cadmium behavior in the soil–plant system was studied in a field experiment on a flooded paddy soil slightly contaminated by cadmium. The application of amorphous SiO₂ results in a 1.3- to 1.8-fold smaller cadmium accumulation in the aboveground organs of rice and a 1.8- to 2.6-fold decrease in the content of its available compounds, which can be explained by metal sorption on the surface of applied silicon dioxide and by the reaction of monosilicic acid, which forms in the SiO₂ solution, with cadmium. The decrease in cadmium availability is most intensive in the first 2 weeks after SiO₂ application. Amorphous silicon causes a 26.6% increase in rice productivity in the first season and 72.9% in the second. The data obtained testify to the fact that the application rates of traditional mineral fertilizers can be decreased without risk to rice productivity if silicon compounds are used. They should become an integral and important part of implementing the 4R-STRATEGY for fertilizer application and plant nutrition optimization.     

Effect of Straw Incorporation on 15N‐Labeled Ammonium Nitrogen Uptake and Rice Growth

Abstract

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effect of rice straw residue on growth and uptake of added ¹⁵N‐labeled ammonium nitrogen (NH₄‐N) (3% ¹⁵N abundance at the rate of 150 kg N ha^?) by rice in Crowley silt loam soil (Typic Albaqualfs). Higher rates of rice straw addition had an adverse affect on plant growth from the first to sixth week. After 6 weeks, the high rice straw treatment had a positive effect on plant growth (P<0.05). The ¹⁵N‐labeled ammonium or fertilizer nitrogen (N) uptake by rice was significantly lower (P<0.05) in the high rice straw treatment as compared to lower rice straw treatments. Greater plant growth was recorded under alternate flooding and draining condition as compared to continuously flooded treatment (P<0.01).     

An innovative method for the treatment of rice straw to improve nitrogen uptake efficiency

An innovative method was used to treat rice straw based on a mixed dilute acid treatment followed by neutralization with ammonia water. This treatment decreased the Si content of the rice straw, thus improving its degradation by soil microorganisms. The plant-available N of soil was greatly improved after the application of the treated rice straw with urea. Soil microbial biomass N was about 50 mg kg^–1 in the soil amended with the treated rice straw and urea but only 40 mg kg^–1 in the soil amended with untreated rice straw and urea. Better synchronization of N supply with the plant requirement for N uptake was obtained when treated rice straw was applied with urea. Recovery of urea-N was 61% when soil was amended with treated rice straw and urea, whereas it was only 46% in soil amended with untreated rice straw and urea, and only 30% in soil treated with urea alone.     

水肥条件与稻草还田对土壤供氮及水稻产量的影响

通过2年田间裂区试验,研究了不同灌溉和施肥条件下,稻草还田对土壤供氮特征及产量的影响。结果表明：（1）上年晚稻稻草还田提高了来年早稻期间土壤NH4^＋-N浓度;配施氮肥后,新鲜早稻稻草还田也增加了晚稻期间土壤NH4＋-N浓度,但在不施氮肥情况下,淹水灌溉稻草还田处理的土壤NH4^＋-N浓度要低于移走稻草处理,间歇灌溉下稻草还田处理的土壤NH4^＋-N浓度仍高于移走稻草处理。（2）稻草还田能促进水稻中后期植株对氮素的吸收及生物量的累积。（3）稻草还田能增加水稻产量,早稻增产幅度为6.85%,晚稻为8.17%;施用氮肥后稻草的增产效应要显著高于不施氮肥,早、晚稻增产分别为9.18%和5.83%。稻草还田主要通过影响有效穗数来影响产量。水稻生长季节、灌溉模式和施肥条件对稻草还田的增产效应存在交互作用,早稻的最佳处理组合为“连续淹灌＋稻草还田＋配施氮肥”,晚稻的最佳处理组合为“间歇灌溉＋稻草还田＋配施氮肥”。     

秸秆还田地不同水氮条件对水稻产量及土壤肥力的影响

[目的]研究秸秆还田地不同水氮管理对水稻产量、土壤养分以及土壤酶活性的影响,为发展优质、高效生态农业提供理论支持。[方法]通过田间小区试验,设计了3种灌溉方式共9个处理,并设置3个麦秆不还田处理为对照。[结果]施氮量为225kg/hm2时,浅湿调控灌溉模式有利于控制水稻茎蘖量,降低水稻株高,形成合理的群体结构;不同水氮管理对水稻产量构成因素中的每穗总粒数、结实率无显著影响,水稻有效穗数受灌溉措施及施氮量的影响较大,浅湿调控灌溉可以显著提高水稻有效穗数和千粒重,从而提高水稻产量;施氮量为225kg/hm2时,浅湿调控灌溉可以有效提高土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、有效钾的含量。秸秆还田可以显著提高土壤蔗糖酶活性,降低土壤脲酶活性,而对土壤过氧化氢酶活性无显著影响。秸秆还田地施氮量为225kg/hm2时,浅湿调控灌溉对土壤蔗糖酶活性的提高最为显著,而不同水氮条件对土壤脲酶活性的影响并不显著。[结论]在秸秆还田地,当施氮量为225kg/hm2时,浅湿调控灌溉可以有效提高水稻产量及土壤肥力。     

施用预处理秸秆对土壤供氮特征及菠菜产量和品质的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了施入经过预处理的水稻秸秆(预处理秸秆)后土壤的供N特征和菠菜产量与品质的变化。研究结果表明,经预处理后,秸秆中纤维素、半纤维素和二氧化硅的含量显著降低,但可溶性物质含量显著增加;预处理稻秆与N肥配合使用,土壤中微生物量N、有效态N(NO3--N和NH4 -N)含量显著增加,并且在供N方式上具有鲜明的渐进性和持续性;第41天时每钵菠菜的鲜重比对照增产81.4%,菠菜中Vc含量高于单施尿素处理,硝酸盐积累量低于单施尿素处理。可见预处理稻秆配施N肥能显著改善土壤的供N能力,提高菠菜的产量和品质。     

浙北地区秸秆全量还田下氮肥用量对单季晚粳稻生长和土壤养分、碳库的影响

为了明确浙北地区秸秆全量还田下单季晚粳稻适宜的施氮量,通过大田试验,采用随机区组设计,根据当地农户施肥习惯,设置4种施氮水平(以纯氮计,N 0,不施氮;N L,165 kg/hm²;N M,240 kg/hm²;N H,315 kg/hm²),研究了浙北地区秸秆全量还田下氮肥调控对单季晚粳稻生长和土壤养分、碳库的影响。结果表明:N M和N H的水稻分蘖数、株高、叶面积系数、叶绿素含量及地上部分干物质重均高于其他处理。在稻田土壤方面,N M的土壤速效磷和速效钾含量较N 0,N L和N H处理分别显著(p<0.05)增加了43.16%,30.13%,13.13%和31.86%,22.13%,15.81%;N M的可溶性有机碳和微生物有机碳含量较N 0和N L处理分别显著(p<0.05)增加了88.47%,13.99%和37.10%,15.39%。在产量方面,N M的产量最高,较N 0,N L和N H处理分别增产51.70%,15.39%,9.45%。综上所述,在本试验条件下,秸秆全量还田施用240 kg/hm²纯氮为浙北地区单季晚粳稻最佳氮肥调控模式。     

Effects of Nitrogen Management on Soil Nitrogen Content and Rice Grain Yield in Double Cropping Rice Production Area with Continuous Full Amount of Straw Returning

ABSTRACT

In order to formulate a nitrogen (N) management strategy under continuous full amount of straw returning (CFSR) for double cropping rice production, long-term (2013–2016) paddy field experiments were conducted in double cropping rice production area in the Jiangxi province, China. Five N fertilizer treatments under CFSR were tested, that is, (i) no N fertilizer application (CK); (ii) conventional N fertilizer application (165kg N ha^?1 and 195 kg N ha^?1 in early and late rice variety with the ratio of basal dressing to topdressing as 6:4, respectively) (CNF_6:4); (iii) recommended N fertilizer application (135 kg ha^?1 N and 165 kg ha^?1 N in early and late rice variety with the ratio of basal dressing to topdressing as 4:6, 6:4, and 8:2, respectively) (RNF_4:6, RNF_6:4, and RNF_8:2). Nitrogen fertilizer treatments under CFSR had 5.70% and 8.93% higher soil total nitrogen (TN), 1.32% and 0.80% higher available nitrogen (AN), 16.55% and 22.94% higher NH₄⁺-N, and 13.10% and 7.93% higher NO₃^--N than CK treatments in early and late rice variety, respectively. There were no differences in soil TN, AN, NH₄⁺-N, and NO₃^--N contents between CNF6:4 and RNF6:4 treatments, while CNF6:4 treatment showed higher or significantly higher soil N contents than RNF4:6 and RNF8:2 treatments. N fertilizer treatment under CFSR showed 88.9% and 43.20% higher grain yield and 62.15% and 42.52% higher panicle numbers than CK treatments in early and late rice variety, respectively. Compared with CNF6:4, RNF treatments did not significantly reduce grain yield and yield components in early and late rice variety, respectively, except for RNF8:2. Compared with RNF6:4 and 8:2, RNF4:6 showed higher rice grain yield, while no obvious differences in yield components were obtained among all RNF treatments. We concluded that N fertilizer under CFSR was helpful to improve soil N contents and double rice grain yield and panicle numbers. Appropriate reduction of N application (18% and 15% reduction in early and late rice variety, respectively) on the basis of adjusting ratio of basal dressing to topdressing as 4:6 and 6:4 did not significantly reduce soil TN and double rice grain yield and yield components, especially, the 40% basal N dressing and 60% N topdressing was beneficial to increase double rice grain yield under CFSR.     

太湖地区黄泥土水稻适宜施氮量研究——长期定位试验

在长期定位试验的基础上,研究了黄泥土(太湖地区主要土壤类型)不同肥料配施土壤N供应、植株N吸收及产量之间的关系。结果表明,土壤N供应和植株N吸收、植株N吸收和产量之间呈显著正相关关系。在本试验条件下,稻季N施入161.00~241.00kg/hm2,产量达7285~8172kg/hm2,与该地区大面积产量基本一致;长期不施肥,能维持一定的产量;长期仅施入有机肥,不能满足水稻对N的需要,产量较低;长期不施入P、K,对产量影响不大。     

Influences of indigenous phototrophs on methane emissions from a straw-amended paddy soil

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influences of indigenous phototrophs on methane (CH₄) emissions from a paddy soil where rice straw was incorporated or was surface-applied. During the cultivation, half of the pots were covered with aluminum foil, except for the minimum space for rice plants, to prevent ambient light reaching the floodwater or the soil surface. Growth of oxygen-producing phototrophs was hardly observed in the unilluminated plots, whereas intensive growth of algae, duckweed and hydrophytes was found in the illuminated ones. Plant growth was not affected by the different treatments. Seasonal changes in CH₄ emission determined by a closed chamber method indicated that illumination had no or only minor effects on CH₄ emissions when rice straw was incorporated or was not applied, but significantly reduced CH₄ emissions when rice straw was surface-applied. Methanogenesis occurring in the soil-floodwater interface was further investigated in two lab-scale model experiments measuring methanogenic activity. As a result, more activated methanogenesis was found in the surface-applied rice straw and the soil around the straw compared with the soil incubated without rice straw. The magnitude of the methanogenic activity in the rice straw incubated under illuminated conditions was significantly lower than that incubated in the dark. Consequently, this study demonstrates that methanogenesis in paddy soil occurs even in the soil-floodwater interface if plant residues like rice straw exist, and such methanogenesis is likely to be suppressed by growth of indigenous phototrophs under illumination.     

Co-incorporation of rice straw and leguminous green manure can increase soil available nitrogen (N) and reduce carbon and N losses: An incubation study

Returning rice straw and leguminous green manure alone or in combination to soil is effective in improving soil fertility in South China. Despite the popularity of this practice, our understanding of the underlying processes for straw and manure combined application is relatively poor. In this study, rice straw (carbon (C)/nitrogen (N) ratio of 63), green manure (hairy vetch, C/N ratio of 14), and their mixtures (C/N ratio of 25 and 35) were added into a paddy soil, and their effects on soil N availability and C or N loss under waterlogged conditions were evaluated in a 100-d incubation experiment. All plant residue treatments significantly enhanced CO₂ and CH₄ emissions, but decreased N₂O emission. Dissolved organic C (DOC) and N (DON) and microbial biomass C in soil and water-soluble organic C and N and mineral N in the upper aqueous layer above soil were also enhanced by all the plant residue treatments except the rice straw treatment, and soil microbial biomass N and mineral N were lower in the rice straw treatment than in the other treatments. Changes in plant residue C/N ratio, DOC/DON ratio, and cellulose content significantly affected greenhouse gas emissions and active C and N concentrations in soil. Additionally, the treatment with green manure alone yielded the largest C and N losses, and incorporation of the plant residue mixture with a C/N ratio of 35 caused the largest net global warming potential (nGWP) among the amended treatments. In conclusion, the co-incorporation of rice straw and green manure can alleviate the limitation resulting from only applying rice straw (N immobilization) or the sole application of leguminous green manure (high C and N losses), and the residue mixture with a C/N ratio of 25 is a better option because of lower nGWP.     

Nitrogen‐Supplying Capacity of Soils for Rice and Wheat and Nitrogen Availability Indices in Soils of Northwest India

Abstract

Quantitative assessment of soil nitrogen (N) that will become available is important for determining fertilizer needs of crops. Nitrogen‐supplying capacity of soil to rice and wheat was quantified by establishing zero‐N plots at on‐farm locations to which all nutrients except N were adequately supplied. Nitrogen uptake in zero‐N plots ranged from 41.4 to 110.3 kg N ha^?1 for rice and 33.7 to 123.4 kg N ha^?1 for wheat. Availability of soil N was also studied using oxidative, hydrolytic, and autoclaving indices, salt‐extraction indices, light‐absorption indices, and aerobic and anaerobic incubation indices. These were correlated with yield and N uptake by rice and wheat in zero‐N plots. Nitrogen extracted by alkaline KMnO₄ and phosphate borate buffer and nitrogen mineralized under aerobic incubation were satisfactory indices of soil N supply. For rice, 2 M KCl and alkaline KMnO₄ were the best N‐availability indices. Thus, alkaline KMnO₄ should prove a quick and reliable indicator of indigenous soil N supply in soils under a rice–wheat cropping system.     

两种土壤不同施氮水平对稻田系统的氮素利用及环境效应影响

在非完全淹水稻田中,研究了不同施氮水平分次施氮对植株氮吸收、土壤中氮素的积累和渗漏水氮素污染的影响,结果发现:水稻植株氮积累量随施氮水平的增加迅速提高,但施氮超过225kg/hm2后,水稻吸氮基本保持不变;土壤中的氮累积情况表明,小于75kg/hm2的施氮不利于土壤肥力的保持,超过225kg/hm2后土壤氮累积严重;渗漏水平均含氮浓度与施氮水平密切相关,相关系数为0.943。分次施氮的效果表明,植株吸氮高峰集中在拔节期至孕穗期,土壤氮累积在基肥施后迅速增加,渗漏水含氮量的高峰集中在每次施肥后的小段时间内,特别是基肥施后达到其最大值。这说明通常施用占总施氮量50%以上的稻田基肥可能是引起土壤氮累积、流失和地下水污染的重要原因,应宜减少。     

减施20%化肥下绿肥翻压量对江西双季稻产量及氮素利用的影响

  【目的】  种植绿肥是实现化肥减施的重要措施,研究稻田系统中不同绿肥翻压量对土壤供氮及主作物水稻吸氮规律的影响,以期为江西双季稻区合理利用紫云英,提高水稻产量提供理论依据。  【方法】  田间试验位于江西双季稻区。在早稻氮磷钾肥用量减施20%条件下,设置冬种并翻压紫云英鲜草15000 (G₁F₈₀)、22500 (G_1.5F₈₀)、30000 (G₂F₈₀)、37500 (G_2.5F₈₀) kg/hm2,以及冬闲且水稻不施化肥对照(CK)、冬种紫云英水稻不施化肥(GM)和冬闲常规施肥(F₁₀₀)共7个处理。分析了水稻产量、植株吸氮量、氮肥利用率,以及水稻生育期土壤无机氮含量,并分析了土壤性状和水稻产量、植株吸氮量之间的关系。  【结果】  与F₁₀₀相比,G₁F₈₀处理早稻产量显著增加11.64%;G₂F₈₀处理晚稻产量显著增加7.81%;G₁F₈₀、G_1.5F₈₀和G₂F₈₀处理双季稻总产量分别显著增加5.79%、5.38%和7.17%。其余不同紫云英翻压量处理的产量相比F₁₀₀均未降低。冬种紫云英配施80%化肥可显著提高早稻稻谷吸氮量、早稻当季氮肥利用率和早稻氮肥偏生产力,提高早稻和晚稻收获期土壤全氮和有机质含量,提升土壤肥力水平。早稻孕穗期、早稻收获期和晚稻收获期,G_2.5F₈₀处理土壤铵态氮含量均显著高于F₁₀₀处理,且为各处理中含量最高。从早稻孕穗期到早稻收获期,不同紫云英翻压量处理氮素累积速率均为正值,水稻植株吸氮量增加,而冬闲常规施肥处理氮素累积速率为负值,水稻吸氮量降低。在水稻生育期,紫云英翻压量小于22500 kg/hm2时,水稻植株吸氮量随翻压量增加而增加,而翻压量大于22500 kg/hm2时,水稻植株吸氮量明显降低。土壤速效钾含量对水稻产量和吸氮量的贡献率最大,对早稻产量和早稻吸氮量的贡献率分别为35.17%和40.16%,对晚稻产量和吸氮量的贡献率分别为21.22%和25.22%,对双季稻产量和吸氮量的贡献率分别为34.83%和27.86%。  【结论】  在减施常规量20%化肥条件下,种植翻压适量紫云英可提高早稻稻谷吸氮量,促进水稻增产。翻压高量紫云英有利于培育土壤碳库和氮库,提高土壤供氮能力。综合各项分析,在江西双季稻区紫云英翻压量为30000 kg/hm2时效果最好。