Use of NMR spectroscopy to study transformations of nitrogenous substances during incubation of peat

Abstract. Samples of peat were incubated with ¹⁵N-labelled ammonium sulphate, urea, wheat straw and glycine and divided into six size fractions of solid components and a water-soluble fraction. The fractions were analysed by NMR spectroscopy to study the formation of humic substances and rind how fertilizer nitrogen is immobilized in peaty soils. After six months' incubation about half of the ammonium sulphate nitrogen was still present as ammonium in the soluble fraction, the urea had been entirely metabolized to ammonium and various organic compounds, about half the straw had been decomposed to ammonium and amino acid or peptide materials, and most of the glycine had been transformed to ammonium, amide and aliphatic amine.     

Ureolytic microorganisms and soil fertility: A review

Abstract

Soil microorganisms play an important role in increasing soil fertility and recycling of nutrients within the soil. Different microorganisms including filamentous fungi, yeasts, mycorrhiza, bacteria, cyanobacteria, and actinomycetes possess the urease enzymes. Urease plays a role in soil enrichment through degradation or hydrolysis of organic nitrogen (N). Urea is an important fertilizer and may enter the soil with the excretions of higher animals and through destruction of the nitrogenous bases contained in the nucleic acids of plant and animal tissues. These products increase soil fertility by an urease. Ureolytic production and activity, and fertility of soil are affected by chemical propertes of soil, environmental factors, sources of urea, and soil microorganism. Problems encountered in use of urea as a fertilizer result from its rapid hydrolysis to ammonium carbonate by soil urease activity and the concomitant rise in pH and accumulation of ammonium. These problems include damage to germinating seedlings and young plants and gaseous loss of urea N as ammonia. The technologies and management practices that can be used to improve urea efficiency and reduce losses include coating of granules, soil incorporation, and use of new slow‐release fertilizers by forming sparingly soluble urea‐aldehyde compounds as ureaforms, crotonylidene diurea, isobutylidene diurea or using natural N‐containing compounds such as composted sludges of municipal and animal wastes. The degradative process of the ureolytic microorganims on animal and plant organic N wastes could help to satisfy condition of eliminating excessive wastes and pollution and simultaneously supply plant with available N.     

Influence of organic compounds on nitrogen‐fertilizer solubilization

Abstract

In the attempt to find new products which release nutrients in gradual forms, the behavior of two commercial fertilizers was studied, Nitrophoska® (N) and urea (U), covered with two organic materials, humic acid (HA) and alginic acid (AA). The release of nitrogen from the fertilizers was determined by electroultrafiltration (EUF). These applied materials on the fertilizer surface resulted in a slowing of the release of nitrogen, although strictly speaking, these compounds do not function as coated fertilizers. Their effectiveness depends on the fertilizer, for with Nitrophoska®, the addition of alginic acid was more effective, while for urea, the addition of humic acid slowed the release of nitrogen.     

Aminochelates in plant nutrition: a review

Chelates are compounds that are applied to improve nutrition, especially the micronutrients status of plant tissues. During past decades, various chelating agents have been synthesized and introduced to agricultural systems. The recent formulas are aminochelates that are synthesized using various amino acids and a single or several nutrient ions aimed at improving fertilizer use efficiency and more adaptation to environment protection. Apart from their primary use as a micronutrient source, aminochelates represent an effective nitrogen (N) fertilizer in plant nutrition that can avoid negative effects from simple N fertilizers, such as urea. In various studies, higher yield and quality as well as higher concentration of nutrient elements have been obtained by application of aminochelates rather than simple chemical fertilizers. These compounds claimed to be more natural and safer forms of chelating agents, with higher use efficiency and without environmental side effects. However, there is lack of sufficient knowledge especially regarding their detailed impacts and their fate within the soil and plant system. This review provides information concerning the role of aminochelates in plant nutrition and to summarize the previous recent studies that have been done using these fertilizers.     

EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF UREA,MOLYBDENUM, BENZYLADENINE,SUCROSE AND SALICYLIC ACID ON YIELD,NITROGEN METABOLISM OF RADISH PLANTS AND QUALITY OF EDIBLE ROOTS

In 2006–2007 small radish was cultivated in a pot experiment. Foliar applications were applied twice with solutions of the following compounds: 1) control (water); 2) urea; 3) urea+molybdenum (Mo), 4) urea+Mo+benzyladenine (BA); 5) urea+Mo+BA+sucrose; 6) urea+Mo+BA+sucrose+salicylic acid (SA), 7) BA; 8) SA; and 9) sucrose. The above solutions contained following concentrations of compounds: urea 20 g dm^?3, sucrose 10 g dm^?3, Mo 1 mg dm^?3, BA 5 mg dm^?3 and SA 10 mg dm^?3. In comparison with the control, spraying plants with the solution of urea+Mo+BA+sucrose and SA only caused an increase in leaf mass of one plant. Foliar applications did not have any effect on the yield of edible roots. When compared with the control, the use of sucrose resulted in a decreased content of nitrate (V) in leaves, while the application of urea+Mo+BA+sucrose led to elevated content of nitrate (V) in roots. In case of spraying plants with solutions containing urea (combinations no. 2–6) there was a tendency to increase ammonium (NH₄ ⁺) and nitrogen (N)-total content in leaves and roots, and increase in N uptake by leaves and by the whole plant but not by the radish roots. In combinations 7–9 we noted a decline in the level of ascorbic acid, and in combinations 2–6 there was a decrease in the content of soluble sugars in roots. In comparison with the control, an increase was observed in combinations 2 and 3, while in combinations 7–9 a decrease in the content of free amino acids in roots was observed. None of the combinations with foliar application caused any significant changes in the content of assimilative pigments in radish leaves and concentration of nitrate (III), dry matter in leaves and roots, the content of phenolic compounds, content of potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) extracted with 2% acetic acid in roots as well as free radical activity of radish roots.     

Availability of several kinds of nitrogenous compounds for the growth of callus tissues from Daucus Carota L., Datura Stramonium L., Pelargonium Inquinans Ait., and Oryza Sativa L.

Plants frequently accumulate or reserve some organic nitrogenous substances of small molecules, when supplied with inorganic nitrogenous compounds in excess. It is well known that rice plants in the field accumulate asparagine when supplied with ammonium salts in excess. This phenomenon is effectively utilized as a criteria for adequate supply of nitrogen fertilizers in the field (1). Accumulation of asparagine has also been generally recognized among seedlings of various plant species grown with excess ammonium, nitrate or urea (2). With rye grass, glutamine was reported to be accumulated in leaves and sometimes excreted when ammonium sulfate was supplied in excess (3). Arginine is a major free amino acid accumulating in nitrogen fertilized apple trees (4), phosphate-deficient mulberries (5), and potassium deficient rice plants (6). Allantoin is known to be a reserve form of nitrogen in some families of higher plants, notably the Aceraceae, Leguminosae and Boraginaceae (7,8). Thus the form of reserve nitrogen compound differs with different plant species.     

The importance of soil carbon and nitrogen for amelioration of acid sulphate soils

When exposed to air and adequate moisture, soils containing sulphides (sulphidic soils with pH > 4) become oxidized and generate sulphuric acid to form ‘sulphuric soils’ (pH < 4). Treatment of this acidity is undertaken by addition of lime. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of adding plant organic matter, and simple carbon and nitrogen compounds, as alternatives to lime to sulphuric and sulphidic soils. In sulphuric soils under aerobic conditions, organic matter increased pH, the extent depending on the nitrogen content. Lucerne hay, which had the largest nitrogen content, increased the pH from 3.7 to 8.0, while pea straw and wheat straw effected smaller changes, in proportion to their respective nitrogen contents. Lucerne hay also caused the greatest reductions in soil redox potential and sulphate content, consistent with the action of sulphate‐reducing bacteria. Similarly, incorporation of organic matter under aerobic conditions effectively prevented sulphidic soil acidification and reduced the redox potential and sulphate content. The individual effects of carbon and nitrogen compounds were then examined and compared to plant organic material. Glucose was ineffective at both small and large concentrations, while molasses increased the pH slightly to 4.6 and acetate to 5.9. None of these carbon compounds was as effective as complex organic matter. Nitrogen added alone as nitrate or ammonia had little or no effect on pH, whereas organic nitrogen in the form of urea caused the pH to rise to 6.3 and reduced the redox to less than 0 mV but had no significant effect on sulphate content.     

Utilization of arginine dy rice callus tissue

Arginine is widespread in the plant kingdom, sometimes accumulated in high concentrations. Information on the accumulation of arginine has been obtained with ammonium-excess rice plants (9), potassium-deficient rice plants (8), phosphorus-deficient mulberry leaves (4), and loblolly pines grown with urea (14). The amount of arginine in plants varies widely. In young apple trees arginine is the most important compound to store nitrogen. However it is reduced when new growth occurrs (13). Vernalized wheat loses its arginine content, a major constituent of the soluble amino acid content of untreated wheat (18). On germination, beans decreases the amount of arginine (1). In tulips the nitrogen economy revolves around arginine (20).     

Influence of green tea polyphenol in rats with arginine-induced renal failure

To determine whether green tea polyphenol ameliorates the pathological conditions induced by excessive dietary arginine, green tea polyphenol was administered to rats at a daily dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg body weight for 30 days with a 2% w/w arginine diet. In arginine-fed control rats, urinary and/or serum levels of guanidino compounds, nitric oxide (NO), urea, protein, and glucose increased significantly, while the renal activities of the oxygen species-scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase decreased, compared with casein-fed rats. However, rats given green tea polyphenol showed significant and dose-dependent decreases in serum levels of creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen and urinary excretion of Cr, and they exerted a slight reduction of nitrite plus nitrate, indicating that green tea polyphenol reduced the production of uremic toxins and NO. In addition, in arginine-fed rats the urinary urea, protein, and glucose level increases were reversed by the administration of green tea polyphenol. Moreover, in rats given green tea polyphenol the SOD and catalase activities suppressed by excessive arginine administration increased dose-dependently, implying the biological defense system was augmented as a result of free radical scavenging. These results suggest that green tea polyphenol would ameliorate renal failure induced by excessive dietary arginine by decreasing uremic toxin, and NO production and increasing radical-scavenging enzyme activity.     

长期不同施肥设施菜地土壤酶活性与微生物碳源利用特征比较

【目的】探讨长期不同施肥条件下设施菜地土壤的酶活性与微生物碳源利用特征,旨在为推进耕地建设与健康质量保护提供理论依据和数据支持。 【方法】供试土壤采自沈阳农业大学番茄28年定位施肥设施菜地,选取其中6个处理:N₀、N₁、N₂、MN₀、MN₁、MN₂进行分析,其中M表示施腐熟马粪75000 kg/hm2,N₀为不施肥,N₁、N₂尿素施用量为652、1304 kg/hm2。采用Biolog-ECO法解析了土壤酶活性与微生物碳源利用特征的变化。 【结果】施用有机肥可以显著提高土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾等养分含量,长期单施氮肥可增加土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量,但有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量较对照下降。增施有机肥可以不同程度地提高土壤酶活性,而单施氮肥导致酶活性降低。增施有机肥可有效提高土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力,提高微生物群落功能多样性,单施氮肥作用相反。具体表现为:菜田微生物对六类碳源利用能力由高到低依次为氨基酸类、糖类、羧酸类、聚合物类、胺类、酚酸类;其中对L-丝氨酸、N-乙酰基-D-葡萄胺、L-天冬酰胺酸、L-精氨酸、丙酮酸甲脂、吐温80、D-纤维二糖、D-半乳糖醛酸、D-甘露醇利用率较高,而对α-环式糊精、2-羟苯甲酸、γ-羟基丁酸基本不利用;31种碳源对PC1和PC2贡献较大的分别有12种和6种（|r|>0.5）。综合比较,以有机肥配施一倍量氮肥（MN₁）处理效果最佳,长期施用可以为设施菜地微生物创造最适宜的生存环境,使其保持较高的群落功能多样性。 【结论】长期不同施肥使得土壤微生物群落形成了不同的碳代谢方式,这是土壤微生物适应环境变化的结果,也是土壤生态系统中“植物-土壤-微生物”互作的结果。     

海藻酸与控释尿素配施对小麦玉米产量及土壤养分的影响

通过小麦玉米轮作盆栽试验,探讨海藻酸与控释尿素配施的增产增效机制及其对土壤养分状况的影响。以氮空白(CK0)为对照,设置常量尿素(N2A0)、常量尿素加海藻酸(N2A1)、常量控释尿素(CN2A0)、常量控释尿素加海藻酸(CN2A1)、减氮30%的尿素(N1A0)、减氮30%的尿素加海藻酸(N1A1)、减氮30%的控释尿素(CN1A0)、减氮30%的控释尿素加海藻酸(CN1A1)9个处理。结果表明:海藻酸与常量控释尿素配施处理(CN2A1)的小麦玉米产量最高分别为98.22,134.84 g/pot,增产增收效果最好,与常量控释尿素处理相比,玉米显著增产16.38%(P0.05),氮肥利用率显著提高17.79%(P0.05)。海藻酸与减氮30%控释尿素配施处理(CN1A1)较减氮30%控释尿素处理小麦玉米分别显著增产15.92%,26.05%(P0.05),氮肥利用率也显著提高(P0.05)。此外配施海藻酸处理较未加海藻酸处理叶片蒸腾速率、SPAD值和叶面积指数均有所提高。海藻酸与常量控释尿素配施与未加海藻酸的处理相比,显著增加小麦拔节期和玉米大喇叭口期的土壤NO_3~--N和NH_4~+-N含量(P0.05),显著提高玉米大喇叭口期土壤速效钾含量(P0.05)。海藻酸与控释尿素配施显著提高了土壤速效氮和钾的供应强度和容量,促进了小麦、玉米的生长和产量的提高。     

Mineral Nitrogen Associated Changes in Growth and Xylem-N Compounds in Amazonian Legume Tree

In nodulated young Inga edulis plants, nodule and plant growth, nitrogen (N) in xylem sap and tissues total contents of amino acid, ureide, and nitrate were determined in response to nutrition with nitrate, ammonium, or no mineral N. Additionally, the amount of soluble sugars in the different plant tissues was quantified. It was found that mineral N improved plant growth in height and diameter especially with ammonium. However, nitrate dramatically reduced nodule dry weight on a root dry weight basis and impaired N organic transport by xylem sap. Additionally, a higher amount of amino acids was observed in the roots and nodules of plants fed with mineral N but sugar levels remained constant. Although nitrate inhibited symbiosis, data support the idea that I. edulis is able to use both molecular and mineral nitrogen during the life cycle.     

粪水酸化储存还田应用效果

为探索酸化储存粪水对农田的施用效果,采用浓硫酸(H_2SO_4)酸化前后的粪水和长期储存前后粪水,开展盆栽试验研究酸化储存粪水对土壤养分和作物产量的影响。试验分别设置2个对照组:储存前和储存后的粪水,H_2SO_4酸化前和酸化后的粪水,每个处理分别设置4组施加量水平(5%、25%、50%和100%稀释比例的粪水)。试验结果表明:对于养殖粪水还田,应严格控制粪水还田比例,不宜施加浓度过高的粪水,宜控制在25%～50%施加量。粪水储存有利于土壤总氮(Total Nitrogen, TN)和总磷(Total Phosphate,TP)的固持,储存后土壤总养分(总氮、总磷和总钾(Total Potassium,TK))增加了11.32%～73.16%,SMS(储存60 d的粪水)(100%)处理产量提高了21.22%;粪水经过H_2SO_4酸化处理后,对土壤总养分影响变化较大,TN、TP和TK部分处理呈增加的趋势,HMS(25%)处理产量显著提高了27.94%;在H_2SO_4酸化的基础上储存粪水,土壤TN含量增加十分显著(P0.05),酸化与储存联合处理减少了粪水TN的损失,对于土壤速效养分的增加有促进作用,尤其对速效N的影响较显著(P0.05),SHMS(粪水+H_2SO_4储存60 d)(25%)处理产量提高了13.63%。该研究通过对比分析新鲜粪水、储存粪水、酸化粪水和酸化储存粪水的特性,探讨了畜禽养殖场粪水经酸化储存后的还田应用效果,为粪水还田提供技术支撑。     

腐植酸与尿素结合工艺对尿素在潮土中转化的影响

通过研究腐植酸与尿素结合工艺对尿素在土壤中转化的影响,为腐植酸尿素生产工艺的选择提供科学依据.在石灰性潮土上进行土壤培养试验,设置8个处理:不施尿素(CK)、普通熔融尿素(U)、0.5％添加量的腐植酸(HA0.5)、5％添加量的腐植酸(HA5)、腐植酸添加量为0.5％的掺混腐植酸尿素(HA+U0.5)、腐植酸添加量为0...     

植物诱抗剂对尿素氮利用率和小麦产量的影响

为研究植物诱抗剂配伍尿素和控释尿素对小麦产量及构成因素、氮肥利用率和土壤养分的影响,通过对尿素包膜(CRU)、包膜尿素配施诱抗剂(CRUR)、尿素配施植物诱抗剂(UR)的处理方式,进行了小麦大田试验,以尿素(U)和无氮(CK)处理为对照,共设置5个处理。结果表明:(1)尿素配施诱抗剂处理的小麦产量和氮肥利用率比尿素处理显著提高23.6%和10.1个百分点,纯收益显著增加3 269元/hm2。(2)CRUR处理较CRU处理小麦产量和氮肥利用率显著增加14.5%和12.4个百分点,纯收益显著提高2 361元/hm2;比UR处理显著提高16.3%和11.9个百分点,纯收益增加2 446元/hm2。(3)在小麦拔节期即氮肥最大效率期,CRUR处理的土壤硝态氮含量比CRU处理显著增加29.5%,比UR处理显著增加88.2%;CRUR处理的土壤铵态氮含量比UR处理显著提高34.4%。控释尿素配施植物诱抗剂可实现两者协同增效,显著提高小麦生育关键期土壤氮素供应强度、产量、氮肥利用率和纯收益,为促生型缓控释肥料的研发与应用提供依据。     

Polyphenols are intensively metabolized in the human gastrointestinal tract after apple juice consumption

Polyphenols are secondary plant compounds showing anticarcinogenic effects both in vitro and in animal experiments and may thus reduce the risk of colorectal cancer in man. The identification of polyphenol metabolites formed via their passage through the small intestine of healthy ileostomy subjects after apple juice consumption is presented. Identification and quantification of polyphenols and their metabolites were performed using HPLC-DAD as well as HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Total procyanidin content (TPA) was measured, and additionally the mean degree of polymerization (DPm) of the procyanidins was determined in the apple juice and ileostomy effluents. As products of polyphenol metabolism, D-(-)-quinic acid and methyl esters of caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid are liberated from the corresponding hydroxycinnamic acid esters. 1-Caffeoylquinic acid and 3-caffeoylquinic acid were determined as products of isomerization. Phloretin 2'-O-glucoside (phloridzin) and phloretin 2'-O-xyloglucoside were metabolized into the corresponding aglycons phloretin and phloretin 2'-O-glucuronide and all were found in the ileostomy effluent. Ninety percent of the consumed procyanidins were recovered in the ileostomy effluent and therefore would reach the colon under physiologic circumstances. The DP m was reduced (DP m of apple juice=5.7) and varied depending on the time point of excretion. The gastrointestinal passage seems to play an important role in the colonic availability of apple polyphenols.     

Nippon Dojohiryogaku Zasshi

Usually, immobilization and release of nitrogen in soil are going on continuously and concurrently, whereby the nitrogen of the decomposing system is transformed steadily from inorganic to organic state by immobilization and back from organic to inorganic state by decay and mineralization. The driving agents of this turnover are soil microorganisms, C/N ratio, temperature, moisture, pH etc., and the energy needed to keep this cycle running derives from decomposable organic compounds added to soil in the forms of plant residues and excretions of roots and stored in the form of soil organic matter.     

氨基酸发酵尾液可促进樱桃番茄对水溶肥料氮素的吸收利用

【目的】 氨基酸发酵尾液因富含多种有机营养成分,近年来被作为增效材料在肥料生产领域广泛应用。本文利用15N标记技术,研究了氨基酸发酵尾液对水溶肥料氮素利用效果的影响。 【方法】 以樱桃番茄为供试作物进行盆栽试验。试验共设置8个肥料处理,分别为:焦磷酸钾和氯化钾为材料配制水溶肥料 (F,N–P₂O₅–K₂O比例为0–14–24);15N尿素 (15N丰度为10.46%)、焦磷酸钾和氯化钾为材料配制水溶肥料 (P,N–P₂O₅–K₂O比例为18–14–24);在两个肥料基础上分别添加谷氨酸发酵尾液 (H)、赖氨酸和苏氨酸混合尾液 (B) 和聚合谷氨酸尾液 (S) 配制水溶肥料FH、FB、FS、PH、PB和PS(发酵尾液添加量为200 g/L)。每个处理重复6次,随机区组排列。供试肥料于番茄定植、坐果、膨果、初果和盛果五个时期等量施入,其中,肥料P、PH、PB和PS按等尿素氮量施入,每次施入量为纯氮60 mg/kg风干土,肥料F、FH、FB和FS保持相同施入量。植株保留三穗果实打顶,收获后测量番茄株高、茎粗、生物量和产量,并对植株各部和收获后土壤中全氮含量和15N丰度进行测定。 【结果】 1) 水溶肥料添加氨基酸发酵尾液可以明显优化肥料氮素在促生、增产方面的作用效果。与P处理相比,PH、PB和PS处理的番茄株高、茎粗、地上部干重、根干重和果实产量分别平均增加17.7%、3.8%、8.5%、12.5%和4.8%。2) 水溶肥料添加氨基酸发酵尾液可以显著提高植株对肥料氮素的吸收量,增加叶片、果实等主要功能部位的肥料氮累积量,提高氮素利用率。较P处理,施用水溶肥料PH、PB和PS处理的番茄植株总氮吸收量、肥料氮吸收量分别平均增加8.1%和9.9%,叶片、果实等主要功能部位肥料氮累积量分别平均增加18.2%和8.0%,肥料氮素利用率平均提高9.9%。 【结论】 水溶肥料中添加氨基酸发酵尾液,可以显著促进作物生长,增加作物产量,促进作物对肥料氮的吸收累积,从而有效地提高作物对水溶肥料中氮素的吸收利用。      

聚天冬氨酸尿素对土壤微生物量碳、氮的影响

土壤微生物量碳、氮是植物营养与土壤肥力的主要参数之一。采用对聚天冬氨酸、普通尿素及聚天冬氨酸尿素肥料培养实验、小麦盆栽方法,研究了普通尿素及聚天冬氨酸尿素对土壤微生物量碳、氮的影响。培养试验结果表明:聚天冬氨酸在培养早期能促进土壤微生物量碳、氮增加,聚天冬氨酸尿素处理比普通尿素处理对土壤微生物量碳、氮的作用更有效,前45 d,普通尿素处理的土壤微生物量氮降幅达21.87 mg.kg-1,而聚天冬氨酸尿素处理的土壤微生物量氮仅降低4.8 mg.kg-1;盆栽条件下,三叶期聚天冬氨酸尿素处理比普通尿素处理的土壤微生物量氮差值最高达12.57 mg.kg-1,成熟期差值为2.85 mg.kg-1,抽穗期、成熟期的聚天冬氨酸尿素处理比普通尿素处理土壤微生物量碳分别低16.12和14.81 mg.kg-1。说明聚天冬氨酸尿素的碱解氮易被聚天冬氨酸吸附,养分持效时间更长,比尿素具有一定增效作用。     

黄腐酸和聚天冬氨酸对蕹菜氮素吸收及氮肥去向的影响

为了解黄腐酸(FA)和聚天冬氨酸(PASP)对蕹菜氮素吸收及氮肥去向的影响,采用15N尿素示踪技术,设置不施氮肥(CK),单施尿素(N),尿素配施低、中、高用量的FA和PASP(NF1、NF2、NF3、NP1、NP2、NP3)8个处理,在温室条件下进行盆栽试验。结果表明,与N处理相比,配施FA和PASP后蕹菜地上部鲜重增加了7.46%~17.55%;NP2、NP3和各NF处理显著提高了蕹菜的吸氮量,提高幅度为10.84%~18.25%,其中,蕹菜对非标记氮的吸收量显著增加,且随FA和PASP用量的增大而增加;NF3处理的15N利用率显著低于N处理,其余处理无显著变化;NF2、NF3、NP2和NP3处理的15N损失率比N处理减少了5.41~14.58个百分点;NF2、NF3和NP2处理的15N土壤残留率增加了5.08~20.02个百分点。研究表明,中、高用量的FA和PASP与尿素配施促进了蕹菜对氮素(尤其是非标记氮素)的吸收,同时减少了氮肥的损失,增加了氮肥在土壤中的残留,对土壤氮库的贡献作用显著。