贵州苎麻种质资源遗传潜势分析

该文研究了13份贵州苎麻地方品种7个数量性状的遗传变异系数、遗传力和遗传进度，结果显示供试品种部分性状的遗传变异较丰富，预期选择效果较好。遗传相关和通径分析表明，单蔸产量和纤维品质的矛盾主要由鲜皮厚引起，在苎麻丰产优质选择中，以株高、有效株率、鲜皮出麻率相结合间接选择，可望获得理想效果。     

黄麻纤维产量与主要农艺性状的相关分析

研究黄麻纤维产量与主要农艺性状的相关性, 可为高产育种与生产利用提供科学依据。本文159份不同来源黄麻种质资源的12个农艺性状对纤维产量即单株干皮重的影响表明, 各性状的变异系数变化在11.89%至38.50%之间, 表现出丰富的遗传变异。黄麻纤维产量与各性状均呈极显著正相关, 其中, 与单株鲜皮重、株高、始花期的相关系数较大, 分别为0.814、0.760和0.648。黄麻纤维产量和单株鲜皮重、株高、出麻率、鲜皮厚的回归方程达显著水平, 其标准回归系数依次为0.443、0.437、0.291和0.113。通径分析显示, 单株鲜皮重、株高在决定黄麻纤维产量时起主要作用。出麻率的相关系数(0.253)与直接通径系数(0.291)表现基本一致, 说明出麻率直接对黄麻纤维产量起作用, 具极显著正相关。因此, 在黄麻高产育种中, 应该以始花期、单株鲜皮重、株高、出麻率与鲜皮厚为主要筛选对象, 兼顾综合性状的改良。     

PEG预处理对苎麻种子萌发,生长及纤维品质的影响

用不同浓度PEG（6,000）在15℃下预处理苎麻种子,能促进种子萌发,提高种子活力和呼吸速率,其最适处理浓度和时何分别为20％和24h。此外用20％PEG须处理苎麻种子24h进行盆栽试验,促进幼苗生长发育,增加抗病能力;对纤维产量构成因素影响效果较明显,其中株高、径粗、有效株率、单蔸产量与对照差异达到显著水平,而鲜皮厚、鲜皮出麻率未达显著;对纤维品质的影响略有降低,但差异不显著。     

坡耕地优质高产苎麻指示性状初探

利用灰色关联分析,研究坡耕地优质高产苎麻主要经济性状与产量的品质的关系。结果表明,坡耕地优质高产苎麻的主要特征是植株高,茎秆适中,鲜皮较薄,鲜皮出麻率高,有效株率偏低。     

唐山红小豆地方品种资源数量性状的遗传变异分析

以71份唐山红小豆地方品种资源为研究对像,对资源各数量性状的平均表现、遗传变异、遗传力及预期遗传进度进行了分析。结果表明,唐山红小豆地方品种资源生育期类型单一、株型高大、产量性状较好,子粒大小中等;主茎分枝、单株荚数、单株生产力、小区产量、生育前期、百粒重、单荚粒数具有中等以上的遗传变异系数和遗传进度,对其选择有一定的效果;在选择效果明显的性状中,生育期、百粒重、主茎分枝遗传力较高,可在早代选择;小区产量遗传力中等,可在遗传基础相对稳定的较高世代选择;而株高、单株荚数、单荚粒数、单株生产力的遗传力较低,应在遗传基础纯合稳定的高世代选择。     

陆地棉高品质系数量性状的遗传变异与选择指数

 研究了20个高品质陆地棉品系12个数量性状的遗传变异、广义遗传力、遗传相关及产量的选择指数。结果表明,单株产量和株铃数具有较大的遗传变异,纤维品质性状的遗传变异较小,说明继续改良高品质系的产量性状潜力较大。纤维品质性状的广义遗传力介于79.07%~89.47%之间,产量及产量组分性状中以衣分和铃重最高,广义遗传力分别为89.1%和81.85%,单株皮棉重最低,为55.05%。单株皮棉重与株铃数、株铃数与果枝数成极显著遗传正相关。利用与单株皮棉重遗传相关较强的多个性状构建的选择指数,比单纯选择单株皮棉重的效果好,其中以单株皮棉重、株铃数、果枝数和果节数结合选择的效果最佳。     

芥菜型油菜主要农艺性状遗传力和遗传进度初步研究

对芥菜型油菜主要农艺性状的遗传力、变异系数和遗传度进行了研究,结果表明：遗传力较高的性状诊次是全株有效角果数、单株生产力,每角果粒,第一有效分枝部位、主花序有效长度和千粒重,同时,单株生产力,第一有效分枝部位和全株有效角果数的变异系数和遗传进度也较高,说明这几个性状在早期世代选择效果良好;株高、角果长和一次有效分枝数的遗传力和遗传进度均较低,宜在杂交后期世代进行选择。     

吉林省甜玉米主要数量性状的遗传参数研究

该文通过18个优良甜玉米杂交种的田间随机区组试验,较为系统地研究了17个主要数量性状的有关遗传参数。结果表明,在一定的选择强度下,某数量性状的遗传改良效果主要取决于该性状的变异幅度和广义遗传力。要想在育种实践中获得较好的遗传改良效果,必须从扩大性状的遗传变异幅度和提高遗传力入手,或两者兼有之。     

春蚕豆青海9号原始群体的遗传变异及其原种繁育初探

本文采用方差分析法,估计了春蚕豆新品种青海9号原始群体中主要性状的遗传参数。结果表明：青海9号原始群体中仍有一定程度的遗传变异。单株实荚数、粒数、有效分枝和单株粒重的遗传变异系数较大,达10％以上;百粒重和株高的遗传力较高;在5％的选择强度下,主要产量性状可获得10％以上的相对遗传进度。对1995～1997年青海9号蚕豆原种繁育的考种资料进行分析,探讨了主要性状的选择效果和方法。     

赤霉素对亚麻过氧化物酶及主要农艺性状的影响

在纤维亚麻枞形期与快速生长期喷施赤霉素(GA3),研究GA3对亚麻主要农艺性状和过氧化物酶的影响。结果表明,在枞形期喷施GA3对叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性影响较小,在快速生长期喷施影响较大。喷施GA3能够改善亚麻的主要农艺性状、原茎产量和出麻率。当GA3浓度为300mg/kg时,株高、工艺长度和原茎产量显著提高,浓度为100mg/kg时显著增加出麻率。     

大豆产量与若干经济性状的遗传相关与选择

试验以6个熟期和结荚习性不同的陕西省大豆品种（系）为试材,研究了大豆产量和其它5个重要经济性状的遗传力,遗传相关和选择指数。结果发现,在考察的6个经济性状中,以单株荚数和单株粒数变异最大,遗传力也较高,可以获得较为理想的选择效果;小区产量和主茎节数有显著的遗传相关,包含主茎节数在内的性状组成的选择指数都有很好的选择效果,以主茎节数和百粒重组成的选择指数,其选择效率可达到直接选择的226%,因此对产量进行间接选择有很好的选择效果,在田间选择时应重点选择主茎节数多,籽粒中等偏小的品种。     

Optimisation of breeding for agronomic traits in fibre hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) by study of parent-offspring relationships

Summary In the framework of a comprehensive Dutch research project the feasibility of hemp cultivation for paper pulp production is being investigated. This project also includes a hemp breeding programme which was initiated at CPRO-DLO in 1990. Hemp breeding is primarily aimed at improving bast fibre production since bast fibre is qualitatively superior to woody core fibre for paper pulp production. The progress of the ongoing breeding programme is hampered by the lack of knowledge on the inheritance of agronomic traits.The following traits were examined on 252 parental plants in 1991 and subsequently on their progenies in 1992: fibre content, plant height, date of flowering, stem diameter and cannabinoid contents. For each trait heritabilities were estimated and direct and indirect effects of artificial selection were studied.The heritability of bast fibre content was high and mass selection proved to be an efficient method causing no undesirable influence on other characters. Characters not directly related to bast fibre yield such as date of flowering, plant height and stem diameter were shown to have disadvantages as selection criteria for the improvement of bast fibre yield.The cannabinoids THC and CBD were studied, as the acceptance of hemp cultivation requires a low level. The content of THC, the psychoactive component can be successfully reduced by mass selection, but it is not certain that mass selection is the most efficient method.     

小麦几种品质性状与产量性状早代选择效果的研究

以三个冬小麦单交组合为试验材料,采用遗传力、遗传进度和杂种后代品质性状表现在年份间的稳定性等分析方法,对小麦几种品质性状与产量性状早代选择的效果进行了研究.结果表明,沉淀值、容重的遗传力较高,蛋白质含量和单株蛋白质产量的遗传力较低.沉淀值、蛋白质产量在各杂种早代的相对预期遗传进度均在20%以上.不同的品质性状受环境的影响较大,但所表现出的稳定性不同.     

Feasibility of selection for traits associated with cold tolerance in rice under rapid generation advance method

Summary Variability of the hybrid population can be preserved through generations during the process of rapid generation advance (RGA). Effective selection can be done in an early generation for those traits having high heritability value like growth duration and plant height. But selection is not advantageous for traits having low heritability. Thus, selection for panicle exsertion, cold tolerance at seedling stage and panicle length would not be wise during the early generations. However, in the low temperature areas growth duration and plant height are two important factors which determine varietal suitability. As selection of these two characters are possible through RGA, it should be a standard parctice during RGA to eliminate the plants with long growth duration and select plants with optimum plant height.     

大豆化学诱变育种及其规律的研究

应用化学诱变剂处理大豆种子,对M_1代植株的生育及形态均有强烈的抑制作用.M_1代所产生的形态变异主要是由于化学物质扰乱了植株生理而产生生理损伤所致.在M_2代植株各性状中以分枝数、株高、单株荚数的遗传变异系数较大,说明这些性状选择的潜力是大的,通过选择容易达到预期目标.诱变M_3代绝大多数性状仍在分离.加强选择,能选出早熟、大粒、农艺性状好、丰产的新品系.     

Early generation genetic variation and heritability of yield and related traits among tef populations

The extent of genetic variation and heritability of a trait are among the major determinants of selection gains in plant breeding programs. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of genetic variation and inheritance of grain yield, and component traits of newly developed tef populations under moisture-stressed and non-stressed conditions for drought tolerance breeding. Seventeen crosses along with the parents were evaluated in the F2 generation under moisture-stressed and non-stressed conditions in northern Ethiopia during 2015 and 2016. There were marked genotypic and phenotypic variation among the crosses in the F2 generation for plant height, panicle length, peduncle length, number of productive tillers per plant, main shoot panicle seed weight, biomass yield, and grain yield under both test conditions, important for successful selection and genetic advancement. The families of DZ-Cr-387 x 207832 and DZ-Cr-387 x 222076 were high grain yielders with early maturity under both test conditions.