不同发酵方法对饲用甜菜鲜叶品质的影响

通过有氧发酵、无氧发酵、酵母菌发酵和混合活干菌发酵对饲用甜菜鲜叶进行处理,试验结果表明,发酵良好的饲用甜菜鲜叶呈绿色或黄绿色,有酸香味,手感湿润、柔软,呈酸性(pH在4.1～4.4之间)。有氧发酵导致饲用甜菜茎叶腐败变质,与鲜叶相比较,干物质含量降低11%,而其他发酵方法处理后其干物质含量分别提高了3.3%、5.3%和16.5%,同时能有效地增加有益微生物总量,说明在一定条件下利用发酵可有效地提高饲用甜菜鲜叶的营养价值。     

不同菌种添加对番茄渣混合青贮发酵及消化率的影响

番茄渣与不带穗玉米秸以1∶1比例混合,分别调制乳酸杆菌、复合菌、米曲霉添加或不添加青贮的饲料,讨论添加不同菌种对番茄渣混合青贮饲料发酵品质及干物质消化率的影响。结果表明,添加不同菌种后均能提高混合青贮饲料的乳酸含量,降低pH值,其发酵处理效果为复合菌>米曲霉>乳酸杆菌;添加米曲霉能显著提高混合青贮饲料的粗蛋白含量(P<0.01)和干物质消化率(P<0.01),分别达到14.76%和78.84%。综合评价,番茄渣混合原料中添加米曲霉的发酵处理效果最佳,复合菌的效果介于米曲霉和乳酸杆菌之间。     

添加复合菌酶对芦苇青贮品质的影响

为充分利用芦苇资源,探究复合菌、酶对芦苇青贮营养价值、发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响。设置无添加为对照组和混合添加复合菌、酶为处理组。结果表明,混合添加复合菌、酶提高了青贮料的粗蛋白、可溶性碳水化合物含量,显著降低了中（酸）性洗涤纤维含量及pH值（P<0.05）。有氧暴露21 d内,添加剂处理组pH值变化小于对照组。综上所述,混合添加复合菌、酶可改善芦苇青贮品质,提高有氧稳定性。     

添加剂对西藏啤酒糟全混合日粮青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响

本试验旨在评价布氏乳杆菌和双乙酸钠对西藏啤酒糟全混合日粮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响。试验设对照组(C)、布氏乳杆菌组(LB,106 cfu/g)和双乙酸钠组(SDA,0.5%)3个处理。青贮70d后全部开窖,取样分析发酵品质、营养和微生物成分,同时将剩余的发酵全混合日粮(TMR)暴露到空气中,用多通道温度记录仪记录温度变化,并分别在有氧暴露第6,9和14天取样分析,评定其有氧稳定性。结果表明,各组具有较高的乳酸含量,较低的氨态氮/总氮和微量的丁酸含量,发酵品质良好,添加双乙酸钠提高了乳酸含量,显著(P0.05)降低了pH、氨态氮/总氮和丁酸含量,同时显著(P0.05)提高了干物质回收率,但粗蛋白、粗灰分、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量各组无显著差异;布氏乳杆菌处理组显著(P0.05)降低了乳酸、粗蛋白含量和干物质回收率,显著(P0.05)提高了pH和氨态氮/总氮值。在有氧暴露14d内,各组pH缓慢上升,且温度未超过环境温度2℃,显示有较高的有氧稳定性。添加布氏乳杆菌和双乙酸钠均在不同程度上降低了霉菌和酵母菌数量,对啤酒糟TMR有氧稳定性有积极的改善效果,其中双乙酸钠的效果优于布氏乳杆菌。综合考虑,在西藏地区生产啤酒糟发酵TMR时可添加0.5%的双乙酸钠,既能改善发酵品质,又能提高其有氧稳定性。     

不同的处理方法对稻草营养价值的影响

分别用尿素、秸秆发酵活干菌、复合酶处理稻草，并检测处理前后营养成份、降解率、感官评定、适口性等指标变化。结果表明，处理后各处理组的CP（粗蛋白质）含量分别比对照组提高10．3％，15．6％及11．8％；CF（粗纤维）含量分别下降4．0％，11．2％和21．8％，其中活干菌发酵对CP稻草含量提高较大，饲用复合酶处理使CF含量下降幅度较大。同时，对各处理组DM（干物质）、NDF（中性洗涤纤维）、ADF(酸性洗涤纤维）的瘤胃降解率测定发现，各处理组DM，NDF及ADF降解率均有一定提高，其中以活干菌发酵处理效果旯好，其DM、NDF及ADF降解率分别达40．90％、33．83％及34．24％。在感官评定、适口性方面，除氨化处理有刺激性气味外，其它两处理组具有较浓的酸香味且家畜喜欢采食。     

添加乳酸菌制剂和丙酸对全株玉米全混合日粮青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响

为评价乳酸菌制剂和丙酸对西藏地区全株玉米全混合日粮(TMR)发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响。试验设对照组、乳酸菌制剂和丙酸添加组3个处理。全混合日粮青贮45d后全部开封取样,测定其发酵品质,并分别在有氧暴露第6、9和12天取样评定其有氧稳定性。每个处理组每个时间点开5个青贮窖即5个重复。结果表明,全株玉米全混合日粮干物质含量适宜、乳酸菌数量和水溶性碳水化合物含量充足,因此对照组发酵品质良好,添加乳酸菌制剂进一步改善了发酵品质,虽然丙酸一定程度上抑制了乳酸发酵,但发酵品质仍属良好。在有氧暴露阶段,对照组和乳酸菌添加组乳酸含量持续下降,pH﹑氨态氮/总氮和酵母菌数量显著上升(P0.05)。丙酸添加组乳酸含量前9d逐渐升高,之后显著下降(P0.05),pH基本趋于稳定,12d后降至3.75,酵母菌数目显著(P0.05)低于其他组。综合全株玉米TMR的发酵品质和有氧稳定性,添加乳酸菌制剂改善了全株玉米TMR的发酵品质但没有提高其有氧稳定性,添加丙酸尽管一定程度抑制了乳酸发酵,但明显提高了发酵全混合日粮的有氧稳定性。     

原料及发酵剂对苹果渣发酵饲料酵母菌活菌数及纯蛋白质含量的影响

采用固态发酵法研究了原料及发酵剂组成对苹果渣发酵产物中酵母菌活菌数与纯蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明:1在苹果渣中添加油渣或豆粕均可提高发酵产物中酵母菌活菌数和纯蛋白质含量,其中添加油渣效果优于豆粕。在酵母菌与黑曲霉的混菌发酵中,苹果渣+油渣处理的纯蛋白含量较苹果渣对照提高40.1%,酵母菌为1.88×1010CFU/g。2采用混合发酵剂时,发酵产物中的酵母菌数量均高于酵母菌单独接种,且适当加大酵母菌接种量(Candida utilis:Aspergillas niger=10:1)能大幅度提高发酵产物中酵母菌活菌数和纯蛋白质含量。3苹果渣发酵产物中酵母菌活菌数与纯蛋白质含量的变化趋势相同,即能提高纯蛋白含量的工艺措施对酵母菌活菌数有同样的增加作用。     

添加丙酸对青稞秸秆和多年生黑麦草混合青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响

为探讨不同水平丙酸对青稞(Hordeum vulgare)秸秆和多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)混合青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响,试验设0(CK), 0.3%(PA3), 0.4%(PA4)和0.5%丙酸(PA5)4个处理组。青贮后第30 d开窖取样测定发酵品质,并有氧暴露12 d分析有氧稳定性。结果表明:各组pH值、乳酸和干物质含量差异不显著,但丙酸添加组乳酸/乙酸(除PA3组)和水溶性碳水化合物含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),氨态氮/总氮和丁酸含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。有氧暴露阶段,PA4和PA5组pH值与对照组和PA3组相比上升幅度较小,乳酸、干物质含量损失较少,且水溶性碳水化合物含量随着丙酸添加量的增大而升高。随着暴露时间延长,各组氨态氮/总氮值和丁酸含量逐渐升高,且PA4和PA5组显著低于对照组和PA3组(P<0.05)。表明添加0.4%以上的丙酸能够改善混合青贮饲料的发酵品质和有氧稳定性。     

乳酸菌与纤维素分解菌混合菌剂对玉米青贮饲料发酵品质的影响

研究本科研组分离得到的高效乳酸菌和纤维素分解菌混合菌剂对玉米秸秆青贮饲料发酵品质的影响。实验中设计无微生物添加的对照组和分别以1%、2%、3%比例添加的乳酸菌和纤维素分解菌混合添加处理组进行青贮饲料的发酵实验,并检测其化学成分及有机酸含量。饲用高效乳酸菌与纤维素分解菌混合添加到青贮饲料可降低饲料p H值3.8以下。各个处理组乳酸、乙酸含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),乳酸含量比对照组平均提高了62.3%。粗蛋白(CP)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),最高可达到15.86%,干物质含量(DM),中性洗涤纤维(NDF),酸性洗涤木质素(ADL),纤维素和半纤维素含量明显下降(P0.05)。可以确定本研究所用乳酸菌、纤维素分解菌混合添加到玉米秸秆青贮饲料中可显著提高青贮饲料发酵品质和营养价值。     

杏鲍菇菌糠发酵条件优化及饲料安全性评价

研究旨在筛选杏鲍菇菌糠最佳发酵菌种及条件,评价其作为饲料原料的安全性。以杏鲍菇菌糠饲料为研究对象,依据国家饲料卫生标准,检测其重金属、霉菌毒素、农药残留、有害微生物含量等指标,在此基础上,进行梯度含水量(低50%、中60%、高70%)与三组不同微生物发酵剂(乳酸菌、乳酸菌-酵母菌、乳酸菌-酵母菌-枯草芽孢杆菌)试验设计,设置对照组不发酵,每隔24 h测定概略养分(粗蛋白质、粗纤维、粗脂肪、干物质)、有氧稳定性、霉菌毒素。结果表明,发酵前后的杏鲍菇菌糠饲料各项安全性检测指标均符合国家饲料卫生标准,当杏鲍菇菌糠饲料水分含量为60%时,采用乳酸菌-酵母菌-枯草芽孢杆菌复合发酵剂发酵,营养水平各项指标最优,与对照组相比,粗蛋白质含量平均提升27.12%,粗纤维含量平均降低19.52%,粗脂肪含量平均提升38.92%,干物质含量平均下降3.41%。其有氧稳定性也高于其他组,生物毒素含量降低,AFB1、OTA、DON含量较未发酵前平均降低4.77%、40.42%、4.65%。研究表明杏鲍菇菌糠发酵饲料符合国家饲料安全标准,且经微生物发酵后的杏鲍菇菌糠营养水平提高,霉菌毒素有所降低,以杏鲍菇菌糠饲料水分含量为60%与乳酸菌-酵母菌-枯草芽孢杆菌复合发酵剂发酵最佳。     

Effect of feeding Lagerstroemia speciosa and conventional fodder based rations on nutrient utilization,ruminal metabolites and body weight gain in mithun (Bos frontalis)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding green fodder, rice straw and concentrate‐based total mixed rations (TMR) on dry matter (DM) intake (DMI), nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation patterns and body weight (BW) gain (BWG) in mithun (Bos frontalis) calves. In a randomized block design, male mithun calves (n = 18, 8–10 months of age, 121 ± 2 kg BW) were randomly divided into three experimental equal groups (six animals in each group) and fed isonitrogenous TMRs ad libitum for 120 days. The TMR₁ contained 30% Napier grass and 30% rice straw, TMR₂ contained 60% rice straw and TMR₃ contained 30% tree leaves (Lagerstroemia speciosa) and 30% rice straw (DM basis). All the TMRs contained 40% concentrate mixture (DM basis). The results indicated that the BWG, DMI and feed conversion efficiency were significantly (p < 0.01) increased with the inclusion of green fodder in TMRs. The apparent digestibility of DM, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract were also improved significantly (p < 0.01) with the inclusion of green fodder in TMRs. The higher concentration of total nitrogen and total volatile fatty acid in rumen liquor, but low ruminal pH were evident in animals fed green fodder supplemented TMRs. An increased (p < 0.01) molar proportion of acetic acid was evident in animals fed rice straw‐based TMR. In contrast, the molar proportion of propionic and butyric acids were significantly (p < 0.01) higher in animals fed green fodder supplemented TMRs. On the basis of higher DMI and higher daily BWG, it is concluded that Napier grass and L. speciosa tree leaves may be incorporated upto 30% (DM basis) in TMR of growing mithuns for feeding in complete confinement system.     

Nutrient digestibility in sheep fed diets containing Roundup Ready or conventional fodder beet, sugar beet, and beet pulp

The objective of this digestibility assessment was to determine whether there are significant differences in the digestibility of Roundup Ready (glyphosate-tolerant) and conventional sugar beet, fodder beet, and beet pulp produced from sugar beet varieties when fed to sheep (seven wethers per treatment group). Three experiments were conducted in this assessment. Experiment 1 (35 wethers) compared one glyphosate-tolerant fodder beet variety with four conventional varieties, Exp. 2 (42 wethers) compared one glyphosate-tolerant sugar beet variety with five conventional varieties, and Exp. 3 (42 wethers) compared beet pulp derived from glyphosate-tolerant sugar beet with beet pulp from five European locations. The experimental phase consisted of a 2-wk preliminary period followed by a 1-wk collection period for Exp. 1 and 2, and a 1-wk preliminary period followed by a 1-wk digestibility collection period for Exp. 3. Diets were comprised of grass hay at 30, 30, and 20% of DM for Exp. 1, 2, and 3, respectively, with the balance being beet components. Urea and sodium sulfate were supplemented (8 and 2.9 g, respectively, for Exp. 1 and 2; and 6 g and 2.16 g, respectively, for Exp. 3) to supply sufficient dietary N and S. Each diet was fed to sheep (96 +/- 0.9 kg) in the three experiments to at or near maintenance energy levels. Treatment differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. Apparent digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and DE for glyphosate-tolerant fodder and sugar beets did not differ from those for commercial fodder and sugar beets in Exp. 1 and 2. There were differences (P < 0.05) in DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and DE digestibilities influenced by the different varieties of beet pulp in Exp. 3, but these were not unique to just the Roundup Ready sugar beet variety. Digestibilities and feeding values of Roundup Ready fodder beet, sugar beet, and beet pulp produced from Roundup Ready sugar beet varieties were not influenced by the introduction of the Roundup Ready trait compared with conventional varieties.     

Feeding fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L.) with either barley straw or pasture silage to non-lactating dairy cows

AIMS: To determine the suitability of diets containing either approximately 85% fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L.) with barley straw or 65% fodder beet with pasture silage when fed to non-lactating dairy cows, by measuring intakes, digestibility, rumen function including microbial growth, and N excretion.

METHODS: Holstein-Friesian cows fitted with permanent rumen fistulae were fed either 65% fodder beet with pasture silage (Silage; n=8) or 85% fodder beet with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) straw (Straw; n=8) in an indoor facility over a 9-day period, for measurement of intakes, digestibility, rumen function and urine production. The cows were adapted to the diets over 2 weeks before the indoor measurements. Feed was available for about 6 hours/day, as practiced commercially for wintering non-lactating cows.

RESULTS: Five cows fed the Straw diet had to be removed from the trial because of acute acidosis; four on Day 1 of the measurement period and one on Day 7. One cow allocated to the Silage diet refused to eat fodder beet bulbs and was also removed from the trial. Two cows fed the Silage diet were also treated for acidosis. DM intakes were lower with the Straw than Silage diets (6.4 (SE 0.4) vs. 8.3 (SE 0.5) kg/day) and organic matter (OM) digestibility was lower with the Straw than Silage diets (77 (SE 1) vs. 83 (SE 1) g/100g). The N content of the two diets was 1.14 and 1.75?g/100?g DM and there was a net loss of N by cows fed the Straw diet (?22.7 (SE 7) g/day). Rumen microbial N production was much lower in cows fed the Straw than the Silage diet (6.6 (SE 1.3) vs. 15.8 (SE 0.7) g microbial N/kg digestible OM intake). Concentrations of ammonia in rumen liquid collected on Days 5–6 were below detection limits (<0.1?mmol/L) in 36/48 (75%) samples collected from cows fed the Straw diet and in 27/48 (56%) cows fed the Silage diet. Mean urinary N excretion was lower in cows fed the Straw than the Silage diet (52.0 (SE 5.8) vs. 87.7 (SE 5.9) g/day).

CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVENCE: An over-wintering diet for dry cows comprising about 65% fodder beet with 35% pasture silage provided adequate nutrition, although there was some risk of acidosis. In contrast, the diet containing about 85% fodder beet with barley straw resulted in lower DM intakes, poor rumen function, negative N balance so that both nutrition and welfare were compromised.     

Effect of ensiling process of total mixed ration on fermentation profile,nutrient loss and in situ ruminal degradation characteristics of diet

This experiment aimed to determine the changes in chemical composition, fermentation profile, in situ disappearance characteristics, and nutrient losses of ensiled total mixed ration (TMR) containing steam‐flaked corn or brown rice (BR) during storage. TMRs for dairy cows, containing either steam‐flaked corn or BR at 31.9% with 15.2% rye silage, 40.5% alfalfa silage, 5.0% beet pulp and 7.0% soybean meal, were prepared (dry matter (DM) basis). Each TMR was placed in a plastic drum silo, stored at 23°C in an air‐conditioned room and sampled 0, 7, 14, 30, 90 and 210 days after preparation. In both grain sources, the fermentation products increased, while DM and starch storage losses increased and starch content greatly decreased during storage. The rapidly degradable fraction and effective ruminal degradability of DM, crude protein and starch increased during storage. These changes of dietary characteristics were large during 30 days of storage, but small after 90 days of storage. Replacing corn with BR led to increased fermentation products, starch loss and effective ruminal degradability of the ensiled TMR. These results indicate that the ensiling process of TMR changes the dietary characteristics and replacing corn with BR in TMR had a large impact on these dietary characteristics.     

Effect of different fibre types on the digestibility of nutrients in cats

In this study the effect of different fibre types was investigated on the acceptance of foods (in a short-term study) and on the nutrients' digestibility by using 10 adult, castrated cats. Peanut hull (PH, source of lignin), dried sugar beet pulp (SBP, source of hemicelluloses and pectin) and alfalfa meal (ALF, source of cellulose) were mixed to a poultry meat based cat food in 10% on dry matter (DM) basis. The average DM intake did only slightly differ according to the type of fibre added. Supplementation of basal food by dried SBP did not influence the digestibility of DM and crude protein (CP) significantly. Using ALF as a fibre source decreased the digestibility of DM (85.8% vs. 78.6%) and CP (93.8% vs. 92.0%) significantly. More severe decline could be observed in the digestibility of DM (85.8% vs. 63.4%) and CP (93.8% vs. 83.7%) when using PH as a fibre source. Fibre sources also influenced the stool DM content significantly. While application of PH increased the DM content of the faeces (45.0% vs. 49.6%), the use of dried sugar beet or ALF reduced the faecal DM content (45.0% vs. 24.1% and 39.0%, respectively). According to these results the less digestible fibre source (PH) increased the DM content of the faeces while by improving the digestibility of the fibre sources the DM content of the faeces decreased. It can be concluded, that not only the absolute fibre content of the food but also the type of fibre must be taken into account when evaluating its possible role as a component of weight loss products.     

香蕉茎叶与柱花草混贮饲料的品质

为分析香蕉(Musa paradisiaca)茎叶与柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis)混合青贮发酵品质,本研究选择新鲜香蕉茎叶和柱花草进行香蕉茎叶单独青贮(以下简称单贮)、柱花草单贮、75%香蕉茎叶+25%柱花草混合青贮(以下简称混贮)及50%香蕉茎叶+50%柱花草混贮,青贮5周后,对青贮饲料进行感官评定和品质检测,探讨香蕉茎叶与柱花草的适宜混合比例。感官评定结果表明,香蕉茎叶单贮感官评定最优,柱花草单贮感官评分等级最低,二者混贮评分居中,并且随着香蕉茎叶比例的降低青贮饲料感官品质下降。实验室指标分析表明,香蕉茎叶单贮时pH值最低,随着柱花草比例的增加,青贮饲料pH升高(P0.01),而乳酸菌菌落数增加(P0.05);柱花草单贮,乙酸含量最低,乳酸和丁酸含量各处理组间差异不显著(P0.05),且丁酸含量很低,对青贮品质影响不大;75%香蕉茎叶与25%柱花草混贮提高了青贮饲料乳酸菌菌落数和乳酸、乙酸的含量。随着柱花草比例的增加,混贮饲料初水分含量降低,粗纤维和粗蛋白的含量显著上升(P0.05),可溶性碳水化合物含量下降(P0.05)。综合青贮饲料品质感官评定和实验室检测结果,香蕉茎叶与柱花草混贮可降低香蕉茎叶初水分含量,提高柱花草可溶性碳水化合物水平,改善青贮饲料的发酵品质,当75%香蕉茎叶与25%柱花草混贮时,青贮效果最佳。     

Influence of DL-methionine supplementation on growth, ruminal fermentation and dilution rates in heifers

A 3 X 3 replicated Latin square design was used to evaluate three isonitrogenous supplements designed to supply 250 g crude protein (CP) daily. Measurements included in situ dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) fermentation and ruminal dilution rates. Supplements contained beet pulp plus DL-methionine and urea (MET), ammonium sulfate and urea (U) or soybean meal (SBM). Six mature, ruminally cannulated crossbred beef cows were individually fed supplement and a mixture (63% NDF and 6.1% CP) of chopped 75% grass hay and 25% barley straw in ad libitum. Fermentation rate of DM was increased (P less than .05) by 30% with MET in comparison to SBM or U (9.54 vs 7.28% and 7.74%/h for MET, SBM and U, respectively). Even though MET improved fermentation rate by 30%, particle dilution rate was more important in affecting ruminal digestibility than fermentation rate. Two 90-d heifer growth trials were conducted to evaluate similar supplements. Supplements similar to those used in the in situ trial were mixed with roughage to provide a complete diet balanced for .3 kg daily gain. Heifers consumed 112% of the National Research Council CP requirement. Weight gain, intake and feed conversion were similar (P greater than .10) for all treatments. In heifer trial 2, 90% of the National Research Council CP requirement was fed. The heifers supplemented with MET and SBM had faster (P less than .05) weight gains than heifers receiving U. These studies show that feeding DL-methionine with urea, as compared with feeding an isonitrogenous supplement containing SBM, increased the fermentation rate of DM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

饲料甜菜对奶牛产奶量的影响

目的：为探索在奶牛日粮中添加饲料甜菜对其泌乳量的影响,提高奶牛养殖的经济效益。方法：2011年9月20日至11月20日,选择健康黑白花奶牛6头,随机分为试验组（饲料甜菜组）和对照组（普通饲料组）,进行饲料甜菜对奶牛产奶量的影响试验。结果：试验组比对照组头均日产奶量增加2 kg,产奶量提高7.9%,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;试验组比对照组粗饲料采食量增加14%,饲料成本增加504元,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;试验组比对照组头日均收入高6.8元,增加纯收入1 124元,经济效益提高13.2%,差异极显著（P〈0.01）。结论：饲料甜菜饲喂奶牛,牛奶产量和质量明显提高,经济效益提高,在实践中应大力推广。     

青藏高原沼泽湿地研究现状

青藏高原沼泽湿地是我国乃至世界最为典型的高原沼泽湿地之一。学术界一直都十分重视对它的研究。本文从湿地的演化(空间变化、时间演退等)和湿地的功能(生物多样性、湿地环境保护等)及湿地生产力等方面对青藏高原沼泽湿地的研究进行回顾,以期为后来的研究提供理论支持,提出今后的重点研究方向。     

香蕉茎叶粉固态发酵条件优化及鹅对其养分利用率的研究

本试验旨在研究应用固态发酵技术改善香蕉茎叶粉养分组成的工艺参数及鹅对其养分的利用率。选择米曲霉和产朊假丝酵母作为发酵菌种,逐步探究5个因素(单菌种发酵、硫酸铵添加量、米曲霉和产朊假丝酵母接种比例、混合菌液接种量)对发酵后香蕉茎叶粉蛋白质含量的影响。利用正交设计筛选最优发酵温度、底物水分和发酵时间的组合。结果显示:米曲霉和产朊假丝酵母单独发酵均能显著或极显著提高发酵后香蕉茎叶粉的粗蛋白质含量(P0.05或P0.01)。添加硫酸铵能显著或极显著提高发酵后香蕉茎叶粉的真蛋白质含量(P0.05或P0.01),其中添加2%硫酸铵组的真蛋白质含量最高。米曲霉∶产朊假丝酵母接种比例为2∶1的处理发酵后香蕉茎叶粉的蛋白质净增加量显著或极显著高于比例为1∶1、1∶3和3∶2的处理(P0.05或P0.01)。正交试验结果显示,以4%的接种量、接种比例为2∶1(米曲霉∶产朊假丝酵母)、2%的硫酸铵添加量,在基质水分为50%,30℃的环境下发酵4 d效果最佳。经过该工艺发酵后的香蕉茎叶粉粗蛋白质含量提高了33.82%,氨基酸分析结果显示,除赖氨酸和精氨酸外其余的15种氨基酸含量均有不同程度的提高。马冈鹅的代谢试验结果显示,发酵后香蕉茎叶粉中的粗蛋白质利用率提高了52.66%,极显著高于发酵前(P0.01);此外,代谢能和能量利用率也都略有提高(P0.05)。由此可见,经过该发酵工艺发酵后的香蕉茎叶粉营养价值不仅得到了改善,也促进了鹅对其养分的消化吸收。