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氮肥后移与花后叶面喷施6-BA对冬小麦产量和品质的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了提高小麦生产水平,2010-2011年度以烟农19为材料,在总施纯氮量为240 kg·hm-2条件下,采用裂区设计大田试验研究了氮肥后移与花后叶面喷施6-BA对冬小麦产量及品质的影响。结果表明:氮肥后移、花后叶面喷施6-BA均显著提高籽粒的谷氨酰胺合成酶(glutamine synthetase,GS)、谷丙转氨酶(glutamic pyruvic transaminase)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(soluble starch synthase,SSS)活性,对束缚态淀粉合成酶(granule-bound starch synthase,GBSS)活性均无显著影响。氮肥后移能显著提高穗粒数、千粒重、产量;花后叶面喷施6-BA提高千粒重与产量。氮肥后移、花后叶面喷施6-BA均显著提高籽粒蛋白质及各组分含量、谷醇比、蛋白质累积量、淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量、支直比、淀粉累积量;且花后叶面喷施6-BA促进氮肥后移效应。在本试验条件下,B1N4处理(基肥:拔节肥:孕穗肥比例为3:5:2,结合花后叶面喷施浓度10 mg·L-1的6-BA,施量100mL·m-2)提高冬小麦产量与品质效果最优。 相似文献
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在山西临汾盆地石灰性褐土进行冬小麦田间试验,在底施NPK肥的基础上,研究了在拔节中期和抽穗前期叶面喷施锌、铁和硒对"济麦22"产量及其构成因素、成熟期地上部分各器官微量元素含量和分配比例的影响。结果表明:叶面喷施3种微肥提高了小麦产量及其构成因素,增产效果为FeSeZn,喷施铁肥与喷施清水相比差异显著;叶面喷施微肥使籽粒、茎叶和颖壳中对应微量元素的含量提高,其中喷施硒肥效果最为明显,喷施锌肥次之;籽粒对3种元素的吸收相互影响,铁对锌单向拮抗,锌与硒、铁与硒相互促进;叶面喷施微肥使锌在籽粒中分配比例稍高于茎叶+颖壳,铁在籽粒中分配比例仅6.87%~8.25%,硒在籽粒中的分配比例稍低于茎叶+颖壳。建议临汾盆地在小麦拔节中期和抽穗前期对冬小麦叶面喷施0.4%ZnSO_4·7H_2O溶液750 kg/hm~(2)和0.017%Na_2SeO_3溶液750 kg/hm~(2),可显著提高籽粒中的锌、硒含量,从而改善籽粒品质;叶面喷施0.3%FeSO_4·7H_2O溶液750 kg/hm~(2)对产量有一定的提升作用。 相似文献
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硒是人体所必需的微量元素,随着人们对硒产品认识程度逐渐加深,富硒食品在市场上出现的越来越多。以乐陵金丝小枣为对象,于枣果幼果期、果实膨大期、转色期叶面喷施纳米硒肥,探究不同浓度梯度(0、4.8、9.6、14.4 mL/L)纳米硒肥对枣产量和品质的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施纳米硒肥可显著增加金丝小枣的产量和品质,随着喷施硒浓度的增加,金丝小枣枣果中硒含量逐渐增加,但产量出现先增加后降低的趋势,叶面喷施硒肥可显著增加可溶性固形物含量、维C含量以及枣果中和叶片中矿质元素含量,以9.6 mL/L浓度处理下效果最佳,产量增加33.0%,可溶性固形物显著增加8.4%,维C含量显著增加53.5%,且枣果中硒含量达0.28 mg/kg,较空白对照显著增加171.8%,矿质元素磷、钾、钙、镁、硼、铁的含量增加最为显著。综合分析,叶面喷施纳米硒肥浓度为9.6 mL/L时增产提质效果最佳。 相似文献
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为研究叶面硅肥对水稻糙米的降镉(Cd)效果,在新余市典型Cd污染农田开展田间试验,于水稻拔节期、扬花期喷施两种叶面硅肥作为处理(编号为F1和F2),以喷施清水作为对照(CK),探讨叶面硅肥对水稻各部位Cd迁移、转化和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,F1和F2处理水稻产量增加了4.70%~6.26%;而糙米中Cd含量显著降低了33.3%~56.0%(P<0.05);水稻叶片和谷壳中硅(Si)显著增加了25.2%~134%(P<0.05)。喷施叶面硅肥处理的茎秆和谷壳中拮抗系数均显著高于CK(P<0.05),相关性表明糙米中Cd含量与谷壳中Cd含量呈显著正相关关系,而与谷壳和茎秆中Si含量呈显著负相关关系。异地验证试验表明,在低Cd污染区(0.31 mg·kg-1),喷施叶面硅肥可以有效降低糙米中Cd含量,使其控制在糙米标准值(0.20 mg·kg-1)以下。 相似文献
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叶面喷硒对水稻籽粒硒富集及分布的影响 总被引:29,自引:1,他引:29
在大田试验条件下,研究了江苏省苏南地区水稻(龙晴4号、86优8和丙9652)叶面喷施和未喷施亚硒酸钠对水稻籽粒硒含量、硒的形态及对蛋白质结合态硒的影响。结果表明:叶面喷施亚硒酸钠10g hm^-2,可使该地区水稻籽粒硒含量达255.3—586.5μg kg^-1,是不喷硒的7.9-11.0倍。无论喷硒还是未喷硒,水稻籽粒硒主要以有机硒的形态存在,有机硒含量占总硒量的87.72%-90.98%,对产量没有显著差异。总体看来,叶面喷硒可以显著提高籽粒蛋白结合态硒含量,籽粒蛋白质结合的硒占有机硒的43.07%-51.65%,占总硒的38.04%-48.98%。叶面喷硒与对照相比,二个品种(龙晴4号与丙9652)籽粒的蛋白谱带基本一致,只是喷硒的水稻籽粒在14~20kDa之间增加了一些蛋白条带,这可能是由于喷硒增加了一些小分子蛋白质的合成。 相似文献
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叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对谷子光合特性及产量构成的影响 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
以晋谷21号和张杂谷10号为试材,采用大田试验,研究了灌浆期叶面喷施亚硒酸钠(0,2.5,5,7.5,10,12.5,15g·667m-2)对谷子光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明,随着亚硒酸钠喷施浓度的增加,谷子叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率Y(Ⅱ)、电子传递速率ETR、光化学猝灭系数qP、PSⅡ最大光化学效率Fv/Fm和PSⅡ潜在活性Fv/Fo均呈先升高后降低的趋势;而胞间CO2浓度(Ci)变化呈现相反趋势。在灌浆期喷施亚硒酸钠对谷子千粒重、穗粒重、穗重影响效果最为显著。与对照相比,叶面喷施7.5g·667m-2的亚硒酸钠溶液,可显著提高谷子叶片中光合色素含量和光合性能,同时提高谷子的产量。 相似文献
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水稻苗期耐冷性状的QTL分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
水稻的低温冷害是世界性问题,在日本、韩国、美国和中国等大部分高纬度、高海拔地区尤为突出,是影响粮食产量的主要因素之一。25~35℃是水稻幼苗生长的适宜温度,但中国南方早稻播种后,幼苗生长期的温度一般低于20℃,尤其遇上3月、4月的倒春寒天气后,往往导致秧苗黄叶、生长迟缓, 相似文献
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水稻籽粒灌浆的发育遗传与分子生态特性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文从发育遗传生理和分子生态学角度, 综述了近年来国内外研究水稻籽粒灌浆的现状与存在的问题。提出了水稻籽粒发育与物质充实涉及信号传递与多基因调控及其与环境互作的分子生态学过程。强、弱势粒由于基因时空表达模式和功能蛋白作用方式的不同, 导致不同粒位胚乳细胞发育程序、籽粒灌浆速率和干物质重的明显差异。已有研究结果表明, 强势粒发育灌浆早、充实快, 具有明显的遗传稳定性; 而弱势粒发育灌浆起步晚, 充实度较差, 易受环境调控。通过分子遗传改良和分子生态调节是改善弱势粒胚乳细胞健康顺利发育, 实时启动灌浆充实, 提高结实率和千粒重, 最终实现高产的两条有效途径, 已成为世界各国优先研究的领域。本文认为籽粒灌浆为何存在一个滞育期(stagnant phase), 强弱势粒在这一发育阶段基因表达和功能作用为何存在差异是值得深入研究和回答的科学问题。 相似文献
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稻草覆盖还田对水稻氮素吸收和氮肥利用率的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以杂交稻“天优998”为材料, 设置覆盖还田和不还田2种稻草还田处理, 4种氮肥处理, 进行了连续2年的田间试验, 研究稻草还田对水稻氮素吸收和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明: 稻草还田显著促进了水稻对氮素的吸收, 其总吸氮量比稻草不还田处理增加13.7%~20.3%, 但对不同生育阶段吸氮量占总吸氮量的比例影响不大。与稻草不还田处理相比, 稻草还田处理的水稻在分蘖中期(MT)、穗分化始期(PI)和抽穗期(HD)叶片叶绿素含量显著提高[实地养分管理(N1)的MT时期除外]。稻草还田可提高氮肥吸收利用率(RE)、农学利用率(AE)和氮肥偏生产力(PFP)。两年平均, 稻草还田处理的RE比稻草不还田处理提高8.23个百分点, 相对提高23.4%, 达极显著水平。AE、RE、PFP与MT~PI期间的吸氮量呈正相关, 其中AE和PFP达极显著水平。RE与HD~MA期间的吸氮量呈极显著正相关。在MT施氮、促进MT~PI期间的氮素吸收对提高AE、RE和PFP有重要意义。创造条件增加抽穗后的氮素吸收, 对于提高RE、减少氮肥损失和面源污染至关重要。 相似文献
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Based on the fact that Fe toxicity which is usually characterized by leaf oranging and low yield can be obviously subdued by application of Si or Mn due to counteraction.between Fe and Si or Mn.A pot experiment was conducted with four treatments of CK,Si,Mn and Si Mn to further study the effect of combined application of Si and Mn on rice growth on red earths.Water-soluble SI,Fe and Mn were measured.and electron probe was used to study Si,Mn,Fe and Ca in root cross sections.Combined application of Si and Mn could increas water-soluble Si and Mn but reduce water-soluble Fe,thus being favorable for correctiong Fe toxicity.Electron probe study showed obvous differences of Si,Fe,Mn,and Ca in rice roots between CK and the other three treatments.The combined applicatioin of Si and Mn could reduce leaf oranging and improve rice growth.The Si Mn treatment had a higher plant height,lower number of oranging leaves and a 25.0% higher rice yield than CK and showed a better effect on rice growth than the treatment of sole Si or Mn. 相似文献
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Improvement of rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth in upland conditions with deep tillage and mulch 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The productivity of upland rice in Japan as well as in the world is low and unstable owing to scarce and unpredictable rainfall. The objective of this study was to examine whether agronomic methods could enhance grain yield of upland rice. Four field experiments were conducted from 2001 to 2003 in Nishitokyo, Japan, under upland conditions with different water supplies, in order to quantify the effects of deep tillage combined with deep placement of manure (50-cm depth), straw mulch (6 t ha−1), or their combinations on the growth and grain yield of rice. Mulch kept surface soil moisture higher than without mulch even at reproductive stage, and it increased yield to the greatest extent under the most favourable conditions with much rainfall before heading (i.e., 2003). Deep tillage with deep placement of manure induced deep root proliferation and higher nitrogen uptake, increasing biomass production, and panicle number, and consequently grain yield was enhanced under the two lowest yielding environments with less rainfall before heading. Rice plants with deep tillage with deep manure application without mulch tended to have lower leaf water potential and higher diffusion resistance during drought, and negative effects on grain filling and harvest index in some experiments compared with the control. When deep tillage with deep placement of manure was combined with mulching in two experiments in 2002 and 2003, grain yield always enhanced compared with the control (P < 0.10, 6.0 t ha−1 versus 5.4 t ha−1 on average), suggesting their synergetic mechanisms for yield increase and stabilization. The results showed that deep tillage or mulching can improve grain yield of rice under drought-prone rainfed upland conditions in a temperate climate on an Andosol, and their combination had more consistent and greater positive effects. 相似文献
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Silicon (Si) can enhance the resistance of plants to many abiotic stresses. To explore whether Si ameliorates Fe2+ toxicity, a hydroponic experiment was performed to investigate whether and how Si detoxifies Fe2+ toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots. Results indicated that rice cultivar Tianyou 998 (TY998) showed greater sensitivity to Fe2+ toxicity than rice cultivar Peizataifeng (PZTF). Treatment with 0.1 mmol L-1 Fe2+ inhibited TY998 root elongation and root biomass significantly. Reddish iron plaque was formed on root surface of both cultivars. TY998 had a higher amount of iron plaque than PZTF. Addition of Si to the solution of Fe treatment decreased the amount of iron plaque on root surface by 17.6% to 37.1% and iron uptake in rice roots by 37.0% to 40.3%, and subsequently restored root elongation triggered by Fe2+ toxicity by 13.5% in the TY998. Compared with Fe treatment, the addition of 1 mmol L-1 Si to the solution of Fe treatment increased xylem sap flow by 19.3% to 24.8% and root-shoot Fe transportation by 45.0% to 78.6%. Furthermore, Si addition to the solution of Fe treatment induced root cell wall to thicken. These results suggested that Si could detoxify Fe2+ toxicity and Si-mediated amelioration of Fe2+ toxicity in rice roots was associated with less iron plaque on root surface and more Fe transportation from roots to shoots. 相似文献
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陈以峰 《中国生态农业学报》1997,5(1):37-41
阴害直接限制了水稻高产潜力发挥。建立快速筛选耐阴水稻种质资源的技术对利用耐阴种质、选育耐阴品种具有重要意义。以中粳02428、南粳35、中籼苏农3037为材料对各种筛选指标进行了比较研究,结果表明水稻苗期黑暗下保绿能力与弱光驯化下同期的叶片干重、叶绿素含量变化,同分蘖-拨节期的叶绿素含量、净光合速率变化以及与瞬时弱光照下的净光合速率下降相一致。此指标鉴定水稻苗期黑暗下保绿能力简单方便,故可用于建立耐阴种质快速筛选技术。 相似文献
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铜绿假单胞菌对镉胁迫水稻苗期生长与镉积累的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
稻米重金属污染是人们广泛关注的严重问题,微生物钝化是阻遏环境重金属进入生物循环的有效途径之一。为了解铜绿假单胞菌对苗期水稻镉污染的缓解效应,本文以无镉处理为对照,通过添加20μmol×L~(-1)镉的水培试验,研究了铜绿假单胞菌、载体A(硅藻土,粒径1~3 mm)、载体B(硅藻土,粒径3~6 mm)、载体C(活性炭,比表面积1 000 m~2×g-1)以及铜绿假单胞菌与载体制备的菌剂A、菌剂B和菌剂C对水稻生长、镉含量及镉积累量的影响。结果表明,20μmol×L~(-1)镉处理显著抑制了水稻根长、株高的生长和干物质积累,添加菌液及菌剂A、B、C后,水稻生长状况得到显著改善,总生物量比镉处理(0.523 g×株~(-1))提高38.5%~67.3%,以菌剂B处理的水稻生物量最高。水稻根、茎鞘、叶以及地上部镉含量显著降低,其中添加菌剂A、菌剂B、菌剂C及活性炭处理的水稻地上部镉含量分别比镉处理(101.3 mg×g~(-1))下降45.9%、47.9%、59.9%和59.9%,迁移系数降低16.7%、25.0%、33.3%和33.3%,富集系数减少48.1%、48.8%、58.8%和60.9%。添加活性炭、菌剂A和菌剂C处理的水稻单株镉积累量降低18.2%、9.5%和24.3%,添加菌剂B以及依次含有56.4 mL、45.3 mL、28.4 mL菌悬液的菌液A、菌液B和菌液C处理,其镉积累量依次增加15.0%、30.4%、14.9%、16.9%,说明菌株通过提高作物生物量增加了镉积累。综上,铜绿假单胞菌可显著促进镉胁迫水稻的生长,降低水稻的镉含量,抑制镉的迁移,降低水稻镉的有效性;菌剂A、B、C表现出良好的镉钝化能力,表明铜绿假单胞菌可为环境镉污染的生物修复提供新菌株。 相似文献
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再生稻根干物质量及根系活力与产量的相关性研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对不同施N水平、不同品种再生稻根干物质量及根系活力与产量的相关性研究结果表明 ,再生稻头季稻产量与根系干物质量及根系活力密切相关 ;再生稻再生分蘖的生长发育依赖于头季稻残留的根系 ,再生季稻穗数及产量与头季稻成熟期和再生季稻齐穗期的根系机能呈极显著线性正相关 ,并与芽肥施用量呈抛物线形相关 相似文献