叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对葡萄果实品质及叶片衰老的影响

以3年生露地栽培葡萄户太8号为试材,采用不同浓度、不同时期叶面喷施亚硒酸钠的方法,探究提高葡萄果实硒含量方法及其延缓叶片衰老的效应。结果表明,喷硒后新抽生出副梢新叶中的硒含量与老叶中硒含量呈高度正相关(r=0. 99),硒在葡萄植株内具有移动性,可重复利用。不同浓度处理以50 mg/L亚硒酸钠处理后的果实品质最好;不同时期处理下始着色期处理后的果实品质最好。50 mg/L亚硒酸钠处理后延缓叶片衰老效果最明显。叶面喷施亚硒酸钠可有效提高葡萄果实含硒量从而提高果实品质,有效提高叶片叶绿素含量从而增加叶片光合量进一步延缓叶片衰老。     

叶面喷施不同形态硒对草莓吸收和转运硒的影响

采用温室大棚试验,研究了叶面喷施硒酸钠和亚硒酸钠对提高草莓硒含量的影响以及硒在草莓植株中的转运和分布,旨在为富硒水果的开发和生产提供理论依据。本试验在草莓初花期进行叶面喷施亚硒酸钠和硒酸钠,当喷硒量为20、40、60 g Se·hm~(-2)时,亚硒酸钠处理40 d后草莓果实样品中硒含量分别为0.03、0.10、0.15 mg·kg~(-1)FW,分别为对照的3、20倍和30倍;硒酸钠处理40d后草莓果实硒含量分别为0.05、0.12、0.17 mg·kg~(-1) FW,是对照处理的5、24倍和34倍。但是叶面喷施的硒持续供给果实的能力有限,随着草莓果实的连续生长,后期采收的草莓中硒含量显著下降。叶面喷硒后,叶片吸收的亚硒酸钠约有30%转移到了根部,而硒酸钠则更多地累积于叶片中,转移到根部的量不到15%。草莓初花期叶面喷施硒可以显著提高前期草莓果实中硒的含量,随着采收期的延长,草莓中硒的含量显著下降,喷施亚硒酸钠的处理硒向根部转移的能力高于硒酸钠的处理。     

喷施不同浓度亚硒酸钠对葡萄生理特性和品质的影响

以3年生露地栽培'夏黑'葡萄为供试作物,分别在开花期、坐果期、果实膨大期及果实转色期喷施浓度为0 mg·L-1(CK)、20 mg·L-1(T1)、40 mg·L-1(T2)、60 mg·L-1(T3)和80 mg·L-1(T4)的亚硒酸钠溶液,探究其对葡萄生理特性及果实品质的影响.结果表明,1)喷施亚硒酸钠对葡萄生理...     

亚硒酸钠浓度对螺旋藻生长及富硒量的影响

以亚硒酸钠做为螺旋藻富硒的来源，研究了亚硒酸钠梯度浓度对钝顶螺旋藻生长及富硒量的影响。结果表明：当硒浓度超过３６０ｕｇ／ｍｌ时，螺旋藻的生长即受抑制，硒浓度为４６ｕｇ／ｍｌ时，表现出促进螺旋藻生长的趋势，而硒浓度为１８４ｕｇ／ｍｌ时，螺旋藻可达到最高富硒量，平均为６５９．９ｎｇ／ｎｇ。     

施硒对芦笋硒含量与品质的影响

以大棚种植的4年生绿芦笋"井冈701"为试材,研究不同浓度的亚硒酸钠溶液的不同施用方式对芦笋含硒量和营养品质的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施和土壤浇灌两种方式对芦笋体内硒的积累呈现不同的特点,但均能显著提高总硒含量,其浓度跟施硒浓度成正相。土壤浇灌100 mg kg~(-1)亚硒酸钠溶液可使芦笋嫩茎总硒含量在2个月以上的时期内持续稳定在100μg kg~(-1)的安全范围内,效果最好。而有机硒含量随施硒浓度的增加先升高后下降。施用适当浓度的亚硒酸钠能提高芦笋嫩茎的Vc和总蛋白质含量,改善芦笋的营养品质。     

叶面喷施纳米硒肥对金丝小枣产量和品质的影响

硒是人体所必需的微量元素,随着人们对硒产品认识程度逐渐加深,富硒食品在市场上出现的越来越多。以乐陵金丝小枣为对象,于枣果幼果期、果实膨大期、转色期叶面喷施纳米硒肥,探究不同浓度梯度(0、4.8、9.6、14.4 mL/L)纳米硒肥对枣产量和品质的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施纳米硒肥可显著增加金丝小枣的产量和品质,随着喷施硒浓度的增加,金丝小枣枣果中硒含量逐渐增加,但产量出现先增加后降低的趋势,叶面喷施硒肥可显著增加可溶性固形物含量、维C含量以及枣果中和叶片中矿质元素含量,以9.6 mL/L浓度处理下效果最佳,产量增加33.0%,可溶性固形物显著增加8.4%,维C含量显著增加53.5%,且枣果中硒含量达0.28 mg/kg,较空白对照显著增加171.8%,矿质元素磷、钾、钙、镁、硼、铁的含量增加最为显著。综合分析,叶面喷施纳米硒肥浓度为9.6 mL/L时增产提质效果最佳。     

叶面喷施硒肥对灰枣果实硒含量的影响

以喀什灰枣为对象,于枣树开花期、坐果期叶面喷施硒肥,研究不同时期、不同硒肥及不同浓度处理下, 叶面喷施硒肥对枣果中硒含量的影响,分析硒含量在枣果发育期的变化过程,筛选出硒肥喷施的适宜浓度和时期, 明确富硒灰枣生产的适宜施肥管理措施。结果表明,叶面喷施硒肥可显著提高灰枣果实硒含量,达到富硒效果, 且随着施硒量的增加呈一直增加的趋势;果实硒含量在果实膨大期达到最大值,之后在完熟期有所降低;在枣果 完熟后期,坐果期施用无机硒肥处理果实硒含量均高于开花期,从果实对硒的吸收来看,说明灰枣无论喷施无机 硒肥还是有机硒肥,施用硒肥的关键时期均为坐果期。在枣果完熟后期,坐果期喷施无机硒肥 40 mg/L 处理下对 果实硒含量增加效果显著,硒含量达到 0.2698 mg/kg;坐果期喷施有机硒肥 32 mg/L 处理下对果实硒含量增加效果 显著,硒含量达到 0.2226 mg/L,两种硒肥处理下果实硒含量均达到了富硒农产品国家标准。综上所述,坐果期喷 施 40 mg/L 无机硒肥或 32 mg/L 有机硒肥最符合当地生产需求。     

叶面施硒对黑豆硒吸收转运特征及籽粒硒形态的影响

为了明确叶面喷施亚硒酸钠对黑豆硒吸收转运特征及籽粒硒形态的影响,采用小区试验在黑豆结荚兴盛期进行一次性叶面喷施亚硒酸钠(施硒量分别为0、6、12、18和24 mg·m^-2)处理,分析比较不同浓度亚硒酸钠处理下黑豆产量、各器官硒含量、籽粒有机硒转化率和品质性状的差异。结果表明,各施硒水平对黑豆各器官总硒含量均有提升作用,在24 mg·m^-2硒处理时各器官总硒含量最大,根、茎、荚和籽粒硒含量分别较对照提高了8.74、8.37、9.85和65.21倍,硒处理后各器官总硒含量呈现籽粒>根≈荚>茎的特点。籽粒中硒以有机硒形态存在,且有机硒转化率随着亚硒酸钠浓度的增加呈下降趋势,在0、6、12、18和24 mg·m^-2施硒处理时,有机硒含量分别为0.071 4、1.101 8、1.510 6、1.811 1和2.093 5 mg·kg^-1,有机硒转化率分别为94.52%、84.81%、70.30%、60.11%和52.43%。叶面喷施亚硒酸钠显著提高了黑豆籽粒蛋白质含量和分离蛋白硒含量,但对脂肪含量的影响较小,在24 mg·m^-2硒处理时蛋白质含量和分离蛋白硒含量分别较对照增加了2.4个百分点和117.35倍,分离蛋白硒含量占有机硒和总硒含量的比例分别为90.29%和47.39%。适宜浓度亚硒酸钠叶面喷施对黑豆产量具有促进作用,但浓度过高导致增产效果减弱。综上,叶面喷施亚硒酸钠可提高黑豆各器官总硒含量,但黑豆籽粒有机硒转化率随喷施浓度的增加呈下降趋势,且黑豆籽粒有机硒主要以蛋白质形式存在。本研究结果为应用外源硒强化技术生产富硒黑豆提供了科学依据。     

叶面喷施硒肥对水稻含硒量及产量的影响

黑龙江省处于缺硒地区。盆栽和田间叶面喷硒试验表明，根外追肥是补充水稻含硒量的有效措施，叶面喷施硒肥(Na2SeO3)的最佳用量为11．25g／hm^2。同时对水稻具有一定增产作用。     

紫云英叶面喷硒效应和硒素积累特性研究

田间小区试验研究了喷施亚硒酸钠不同浓度、时期、品种对紫云英硒含量的影响,结果表明:在120~360mg L-1亚硒酸钠溶液浓度范围内对紫云英鲜草产量可增产9.32%~14.8%,到420mg L-1对紫云英有轻微中毒现象,鲜草产量减产;在0~360 mg L-1浓度范围内,紫云英茎叶和花蕾的含硒量、硒蛋白含量和蛋白硒含量随喷施浓度的提高而增加,到420mg L-1紫云英茎叶和花蕾的硒含量降低。紫云英的茎叶浸出液的硒含量在0~300 mg L-1的范围内变化很小,但花蕾的浸出液的硒含量较大。在不同生长时期喷施对紫云英的硒含量影响较小,但随喷施时期的延迟对紫云英有机硒的含量有显著降低。不同品种紫云英在未喷施硒的情况下影响较小,喷施硒后,品种间有一定的差异,闽紫1号硒含量最高。     

Foliar application of selenite and selenate to potato (Solanum tuberosum): effect of a ligand agent on selenium content of tubers

The effect of a foliar spray of selenium on potatoes was investigated for 2 years. Amounts of 0, 50, and 150 g of Se ha(-)(1) were applied both as sodium selenate and as sodium selenite in water, either pure or with the addition of 0.15% of soluble leonardite as a source of humic acids (pH 7). Tuber selenium concentration increased with the application levels, both with sodium selenate and with sodium selenite, when only aqueous solutions were used. When humic acids were added, the tuber selenium level rose more markedly after the application of sodium selenate as compared to the case of the aqueous solutions; however, in the case of sodium selenite, the level showed a large increase only after the application of 50 g of Se ha(-)(1). Kinetics showed that humic acids raised the selenate availability, but no differences were found in the distribution of selenium in the tuber fractions. Foliar application of selenium with humic acids was proven to be a good way to increase the selenium content of potatoes, but the assimilation process of selenium was simpler with selenate than with selenite.     

Effect of selenium on the yield and quality of green tea leaves harvested in early spring

Foliar applications of a fertilizer of selenite or selenate were carried out to determine the influence of selenium on the yield and quality of green tea leaves harvested in early spring. Numbers of sprouts and the yield were significantly increased by the application of selenium. The sweetness and aroma of green tea leaves were also significantly enhanced, and bitterness was significantly decreased by the application of selenium. However, no significant differences were found in sweetness, bitterness, and aroma between tea leaves fertilized with selenite and selenate. Se concentration was significantly increased by selenium fertilization, and tea enriched by sodium selenate had a significantly higher selenium content than did tea enriched by sodium selenite. Total amino acid and vitamin C contents were significantly enhanced by the application of selenium. Tea polyphenol contents were significantly decreased by fertilization with selenium. The marked difference of tea polyphenols was also found between applications of selenite and selenate.     

Foliar treatment of barley by sodium selenium in controlled conditions

The effects of various selenium concentrations on crop formation, grain quality, and nitrogen and selenium accumulation in spring barley grown on sod–podzolic soil were studied in experiments on vegetation. Optimal amounts of the element were established taking into account different levels of mineral nutrition (NPK) for enriching barley production. Positive effects of selenium on yield, grain quality, and other features of its action on plants were noted. The key role of mineral fertilizers in the effectiveness of foliar treatment of barley was studied.     

温度对茶发酵叶色泽及茶色素含量的影响

为探究温度对发酵外形、汤色指标和品质成分的影响,并获得快速判别发酵适度的指标,该文以福鼎大白茶品种鲜叶为原料,设置25、30、35、40℃等4个发酵温度,首次检测在制品外形L值(亮度)、a值(红度)、b值(黄度)和△E值(总色差),汤色LC值(总汤色值)、LL值(汤色透亮度)、La值(汤色红度)和Lb值(汤色黄度)等色泽属性,以及TFs(茶黄素)、TRs(茶红素)和TBs(茶褐素)等品质成分的动态变化,建立3类指标的相关性。结果表明,发酵的进行会导致外形色泽L值、b值的下降,a值的增加,汤色LC值、La值和Lb值的先升后降,LL值的下降,各色泽属性的剧变期均发生在前90 min;不同温度比较,低温(25或30℃)有利于外形亮度L值、外形黄度b值、总汤色LC值、汤色黄度Lb值和汤色红度La的值的稳定,高温(35℃)有利于外形红度a值和汤色透亮度LL值的增加。品质成分TFs和TRs均呈先增后降的趋势,然茶红素峰值点出现时间晚于茶黄素,整体上以25℃发酵有利于TFs的形成和累积,而30℃发酵有利于TRs累积。相关性分析表明,TFs和TRs均与TFRB(茶黄素和茶红素之和与茶褐素的比值)呈极显著正相关,TFRB值较TFR值(茶红素与茶黄素的比值)更可有效代表茶黄素和茶红素在叶内的贡献表征;外形色泽属性与汤色色泽属性间呈极显著相关性,TFs与L值、b值、Lb值呈极显著正相关,与LC值、La值呈显著正相关,TRs仅与a值和Lb值呈显著正相关。通过线性回归分析获得了以LL值、Lb值和b值为变量的茶黄素回归模型,R2达到0.804,结合回归模型和相关性结果可以看出外形黄度b值最为关键,可作为判断发酵适度和衡量茶黄素含量的关键指标。     

Determination of selenium concentration of rice in china and effect of fertilization of selenite and selenate on selenium content of rice

A method of hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry was applied to the determination of the selenium concentration of regular polished rice in China and selenium-enriched polished rice obtained by foliar application of selenium-enriched fertilizer in the forms of selenite and selenate. The average selenium content of regular rice was 0.025 +/- 0.011 microg g(-)(1). On the basis of a daily dietary rice intake of 300-500 g suggested by the China Nutrition Society, the total selenium intake from regular rice was calculated to be 7.5-12.5 microg per person per day for an adult. The selenium contents of rice were significantly increased to 0.471-0.640 microg g(-)(1) by foliar application of selenium-enriched fertilizer at rate of 20 g of Se ha(-)(1) in the forms of sodium selenite and sodium selenate. The selenium content of rice by application of a fertilizer of selenate was 35.9% higher than that by a fertilizer of selenite, which showed that Se-enriched fertilizer in selenate exhibited greater efficiency in increasing Se content in rice products. The Se-enriched rice products can increase daily Se intake on average by 100-200 microg of Se per day by the consumption of 400 g of rice products if the Se level of rice products is controlled at 0.3-0.5 microg of Se g(-)(1). Because rice is a staple food in China, selenium-enriched rice obtained by bioenrichment of selenium to increase the Se content of rice could be a good selenium source for the population in selenium-deficient regions.     

Fluoride content in tea and its relationship with tea quality

The tea plant is known as a fluorine accumulator. Fluoride (F) content in fresh leaves collected from 14 plantations in China was investigated. The F increased with maturity, and the F variation was remarkable in the tender shoots. Furthermore, significant negative relationships were observed between F content and the content of the quality parameters total polyphenols and amino acids. These substances are rich in young leaves and poor in mature ones. With regard to quality of tea products, the relationship with F content was studied using 12 brands of tea products in four categories: green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and jasmine tea collected from six provinces. The F level increased with the decline in quality and showed good correlation with the quality grades. The results suggest that the F content could be used as a quality indicator for tea evaluation.     

硒对大蒜生理特性、含硒量及品质的影响

以金蒜3号为试材,采用盆栽试验,通过叶面喷施不同浓度、不同次数的亚硒酸钠研究了硒对大蒜生理特性、含硒量和品质的影响。结果表明:在生长期4月5日、15日和25日累计喷施1次、2次、3次3个浓度（5、10、15 mg/L）的亚硒酸钠溶液,均不同程度影响大蒜生理特性、含硒量和品质。与对照相比,叶面喷施2次10 mg/L的亚硒酸钠溶液,可显著提高叶片中光合色素含量和光合性能;能显著改善蒜薹和鳞茎品质,单薹鲜质量和单头鲜质量分别提高68.25%和29.00%,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C含量分别提高73.05%、104.66%、18.95%和82.01%、51.27%、69.82%;并可有效提高鳞茎中游离氨基酸含量（38.91%）,降低蒜薹中游离氨基酸含量（36.95%）;同时可降低蒜薹和鳞茎中大蒜素含量,但差异不显著。蒜薹和鳞茎硒含量随硒浓度和喷施次数的增加而显著提高,最高可达19.81和23.96 mg/kg,为对照的3.85和4.41倍。综合各因素指标,大蒜以叶面喷施2次10 mg/L的亚硒酸钠为宜。     

Effect of microbial fermentation on caffeine content of tea leaves

Caffeine is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. For safety concerns, natural caffeine is preferred over synthetic products despite of its high cost. To explore more economical methods of acquiring natural caffeine, we adopted a microbial fermentation technique to increase the caffeine content of tea leaves. Our studies showed that the caffeine content in tea leaves increased reasonably after treating leaves with microorganisms for a period of time (i.e. orthodox pile-fermentation), and the amount of caffeine content increase varied significantly between black and green teas (27.57% and 86.41%). These results suggested that the change of caffeine content in tea leaves during the pile-fermentation depended not only on the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, but also on the tea composition.     

风障对茶园的减风增温效果及对茶树冠层叶片含水率影响

为解决冬季茶园风寒冻害问题,于2008年1月在安徽农业大学茶场建立塑料薄膜风障,测定风障对茶园的减风增温作用及其对茶树冠层叶片含水率的影响。风障的高度为2.0 m,以5×7网格点测定2.8、2.0 m风障高和1.2 m茶树冠层高度3个层次的风速,以4×4网格点测定地表温度、茶树冠层叶片含水率。结果表明,2.8 m高度,风障上方的风速比环境风速增加30%左右,下风方向的减风作用随风速增大而减小,距离风障7 m区域是风速减弱最强的区域,环境风速2.6 m/s时中轴线风速减小13.5%,环境风速1.0 m/s时     

猪血蛋白水解物对盆栽樱桃番茄生长和品质的影响

  【目的】  研究外源喷施不同浓度猪血蛋白水解物 (PP)对樱桃番茄植株生长和品质的影响,以期为高产优质樱桃番茄生产提供理论参考。  【方法】  以樱桃番茄品种“盆栽红”为试验材料,采用基质栽培,设置3个PP浓度:0 g/L (CK)、1 g/L (PP1)、2 g/L (PP2),在开花期进行叶面喷施,整个生育期共喷施6次。樱桃番茄在第三穗果实完全成熟后收获,分析外源PP对樱桃番茄植株生长、光合作用、养分吸收以及果实品质的影响。  【结果】  PP1和PP2处理不同程度地增加了番茄地上部、根部以及果实中氮、磷、钾含量,显著提高了叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率 (Pn)、蒸腾速率 (Tr)和气孔导度 (Gs),植株地上部鲜重比CK处理分别增加了18.2%和40.6%,干重分别增加了42.3%和57.4%,且PP2处理的效果好于PP1处理。与CK处理相比,PP2处理番茄的产量、单果重、横径、纵径和硬度分别增加了37.4%、26.6%、16.3%、10.3%和30.8%,并有效改善了果实色泽,提高了樱桃番茄的外观品质。PP2处理有利于樱桃番茄果实中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽的积累,较CK分别增加了24.2%、25.5%、96.6%和30.9%;番茄果实中的总酚、类黄酮和花色素苷含量分别增加18.7%、33.3%和56.2%,DPPH自由基清除能力和铁还原抗氧化能力分别增加了27.7%和29.4%,显著提高了番茄果实的抗氧化活性。  【结论】  外源喷施2 g/L的猪血蛋白水解物能有效改善番茄植株的养分吸收和光合作用,促进植株生长和番茄品质的提升,是一种提高樱桃番茄产量、改善营养和功能性品质的高效有机措施。