日粮中鱼蛋白水解物对黄颡鱼生长、体成分和血清生理指标的影响

为了探讨鱼蛋白水解物对黄颡鱼生产性能的影响,以日本鳀粉为对照,以实用型黄颡鱼饲料配方模式为基础开展实验:1以30.5%鱼粉为对照(FM),在相同配方模式下,以6%鱼蛋白水解物(MPH6)替代20%的鱼粉;2以30.5%鱼粉为对照(FM),在无鱼粉日粮中分别添加3%(FPH3)、6%(FPH6)、12%(FPH12)鱼蛋白水解物;共设计5组等氮等能实验日粮,在池塘网箱中养殖黄颡鱼[初始体质量(30.08±0.35)g]60 d。结果显示:与FM相比,FPH12在SGR、FCR、PRR和FRR方面均无显著差异,而MPH6、FPH3、FPH6组SGR降低了15.45%~24.39%,FCR升高了32.14%~42.86%,MPH6、FPH6差异显著,在PRR和FRR方面,MPH6、FPH3、FPH6组PRR降低了21.11%~27.78%,MPH6组FRR降低了41.51%;全鱼水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分各组间差异不显著,FPH3、FPH6、FPH12肌肉多种游离氨基酸水平显著高于FM,其中Thr、Val、His与其在日粮中的水平显著相关;FPH6组HSI显著低于FM,鱼蛋白水解物对CP、VSI、肠体比的影响不显著;血清AST、ALT、HDL、LDL、TP、CHOL、TG无显著差异,FPH3组ALB显著低于FM。研究表明:黄颡鱼日粮中,12%鱼蛋白水解物(干物质)与30.5%鱼粉在生长速度、饲料效率、血清生理指标等方面具有一定的等效性;过高的植物蛋白日粮影响了黄颡鱼的生产性能;饲喂鱼蛋白水解物日粮使黄颡鱼肌肉游离氨基酸的含量升高,特别是呈味氨基酸的含量增加。     

日粮中添加鱼溶浆粉和鱼油对草鱼生长、肝脏脂肪含量和血清理化指标的影响

本实验探讨以猪肉粉为动物蛋白源的草鱼日粮中添加鱼溶浆粉和鱼油以补充鱼类所需的部分生长因子,对草鱼生长、肝脏脂肪含量和血清理化指标的影响,以期达到节约鱼粉的目的。在实用配方模式下,设计6种等氮等能饲料,分别是添加6%猪肉粉(6P)、3%猪肉粉+3%鱼溶浆粉(3P3SW)、6%鱼溶浆粉(6SW)、3%猪肉粉+3%鱼溶浆粉+2%鱼油(3P3SW2O)、6%鱼溶浆粉+2%鱼油(6SW2O)和6%鱼粉(6F,对照)。在池塘网箱中饲喂(80.0±2.0)g的草鱼72 d。结果表明,6P和6F在SGR、FCR、PRR、ERR和HSI方面均无显著差异(P>0.05)。添加鱼溶浆粉后,3P3SW、6SW与6F相比,SGR提高了9.1%～9.6%,FCR下降了8.5%～11.2%,差异显著(P<0.05),但3P3SW和6SW无显著差异(P>0.05),同时,在PRR、FRR和ERR方面,3P3SW、6SW均有一定程度提高。添加鱼油后,3P3SW2O、6SW2O和3P3SW、6SW比,SGR分别下降了9.7%、15.4%,FCR分别上升了6.9%、31.1%,除3P3SW2O和3P3SW的FCR之外,其余差异显著(P<0.05);在PRR和ERR方面,3P3SW2O、6SW2O均有一定程度下降;同时,3P3SW2O、6SW2O的FRR和肝脏粗脂肪含量都出现不同程度增高,HSI增大,血清TBA、CHOL、HDL和LDL与肝脏粗脂肪呈现出相同趋势,且上述指标均是6SW2O组最高,与其余各组均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。此外,在对饲料中游离氨基酸和生物胺与FCR和SGR的相关性分析中,发现游离Lys、Tau和Put与FCR和SGR的Pearsion相关系数都大于0.8,且符合二次函数关系。因此,鱼溶浆粉对草鱼的促生长作用优于鱼粉,在无鱼粉日粮中添加少量的鱼溶浆粉能满足草鱼需求,节约鱼粉用量,这种促生长作用与饲料中游离Lys、Tau和Put的关系密切;由于鱼油促使脂肪在体内和肝脏沉积,加重肝脏脂质代谢负担,加上其易氧化变质特性,限制了它在水产饲料中的使用。     

卵形鲳鲹配合饲料中酶解鱼浆蛋白和陆生复合蛋白替代鱼粉的研究

为了评估卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)配合饲料中酶解鱼浆蛋白和陆生复合蛋白替代鱼粉的可行性,本研究设计了4种等蛋(42%)等脂(12%)配合饲料(D1~D4),其中,D1(对照组)含30%鱼粉,D2~D4(处理组)都含14%陆生复合蛋白且还分别含有16%、11%、6%鱼粉和0、5%、10%酶解鱼浆蛋白;各处理组都补充蛋氨酸和赖氨酸。将360尾初始体重为(7.28±0.10) g的卵形鲳鲹幼鱼随机分配到12个海上网箱中,每个网箱30尾鱼,每种饲料设3个网箱。将鱼以上述4种饲料饲养62 d后,测定其生长性能、体组成、血清生化指标、肠道消化酶活性与组织抗氧化指标。结果显示,各实验组鱼的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)、饲料系数(FC)、胃蛋白酶(PEP)、脂肪酶(LPS)和淀粉酶(AMS)活性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。D3和D4组全鱼粗蛋白含量显著高于D1和D2组,D4组鱼肌肉脂肪含量显著低于D1~D3组(P<0.05);D2~D4组鱼血清谷草转氨酶(AST)及D2和D3组鱼谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性都显著低于D1组(P<0.05),D1和D4组血清总蛋白(TP)和球蛋白(GLO)水平显著高于D2和D3组(P<0.05);D2~D4组肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和肌肉超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于D1组(P<0.05),且肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量低于D1组(P<0.05)。研究表明,含6%鱼粉的D4组鱼的生长性能与30%鱼粉D1组无差异,且全鱼蛋白含量及肝脏和肌肉抗氧化能力显著提高,说明14%陆生复合蛋白配合10%酶解鱼浆蛋白可有效替代卵形鲳鲹饲料中80%鱼粉,使饲料鱼粉使用量低至6%。本研究是首次探讨酶解鱼浆蛋白在卵形鲳鲹配合饲料中应用的可行性,结果可为研发高效低成本配合饲料提供参考依据。     

饲料中添加酶解鸡浆对大口黑鲈肝脏抗氧化能力、肠道物理屏障和肠道菌群的影响

为评价酶解鸡浆在大口黑鲈健康养殖方面的功效,本实验用3.5%的鱼溶浆(SW)和酶解鸡浆(EC)分别等量替代基础饲料中的鱼粉,配制成3种等脂(EE 11.3%)实验饲料,在室内循环系统饲喂初始体质量为(9.25±0.13) g的大口黑鲈8周。结果显示,各处理组大口黑鲈增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和摄食率(FR)均无显著差异。EC组肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及抗炎细胞因子(TGF-β)和促炎细胞因子(IL-8)基因表达量均显著优于对照组(基础饲料)和SW组。同其他处理组相比,添加酶解鸡浆后,肠道紧密连接蛋白(occludin、zo-1和claudin-1)基因相对表达量显著上调,而血清中二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性、D-乳酸(D-Lac)和脂多糖(LPS)含量显著降低。同时观察到酶解鸡浆会影响大口黑鲈肠道菌群的丰度(OTUs和Chao1),在属水平上增加潜在益生菌芽孢杆菌丰度,降低部分潜在有害菌如志贺氏菌属、不动杆菌属、弧菌属和支原体的丰度。进一步表型预测发现,添加酶解鸡浆会显著降低革兰氏阴性菌比例,增加革兰氏阳性菌比例。研究表明,饲料中添加酶解鸡...     

大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、消化酶活性和抗氧化功能的影响

为研究大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)生长性能、体成分、消化酶活性和抗氧化功能的影响,以30%鱼粉组为对照组(A0),大豆小肽蛋白分别替代17%、33%和50%的鱼粉作为实验组(A17、A33和A50),配制4种等氮配合饲料。每组设置4个重复,每个重复饲喂30尾平均体重为(3.7±0.6) g的黄颡鱼幼鱼,进行为期80 d的饲养实验。结果显示,A17组生长性能与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),A33组除增重率(WGR)显著高于对照组外(P<0.05),其余指标均与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。A50组饵料系数(FCR)显著高于对照组和其他实验组(P<0.05),增重率、特定生长率(SGR)及蛋白质效率(PER)显著低于对照组和其他实验组(P<0.05)。各实验组肥满度(CF)和脏体比(VSI)与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼全鱼水分、灰分和粗蛋白含量无显著影响(P<0.05);然而,当大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉水平从33%升高至50%时,鱼体粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05)。各实验组肠脂肪酶和肠淀粉酶活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),A33和A50组胃淀粉酶显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼肝胰脏丙二醛(MDA)活性无影响。综上所述,黄颡鱼配合饲料中鱼粉替代量小于33%时,黄颡鱼生长性能最佳,且对鱼体肝脏抗氧化功能无不利影响。本研究首次探究大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼生长等的影响,以期为黄颡鱼饲料配制和大豆小肽蛋白的使用等提供参考。     

蟋蟀粉替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、肌肉氨基酸组成和血清生化指标的影响

为研究蟋蟀(Gryllus bimaculatus)粉替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)幼鱼生长性能、肌肉成分和血清生化指标的影响,以黄颡鱼幼鱼[(2.0±0.13) g]为研究对象,分别使用蟋蟀粉替代0 (对照组)、15%、30%、45%和60%的鱼粉配制成5组等氮等能的实验饲料,分别记为T0、T15、T30、T45和T60组。实验幼鱼在室内循环水系统进行为期10周的养殖实验。结果显示,随着蟋蟀粉替代量的增加,黄颡鱼幼鱼生长呈先增加后降低的趋势;T30组的终末均重(FBW)、增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)最高,且均显著高于T0组;T30组的饲料系数(FCR)显著低于T0和T15组;T30的肝体比(HSI)显著高于T0和T15,而与T45和T60组无显著差异。与T0组相比,各替代组的脏体比(VSI)、摄食量(FI)、肥满度(CF)和成活率(SR)均无显著差异。黄颡鱼幼鱼肌肉必需氨基酸(EAA)含量中,T60组肌肉中精氨酸(Arg)和缬氨酸(Val)含量显著高于T0组;且蟋蟀粉替代不同比例的鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼肌肉中的总呈味氨基酸(TFAA)含量均未产生显著影响。T30、T45和T60组血清中的葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著高于T0组;相反,其总胆固醇(TCHO)含量显著低于T0组。在本研究条件下,蟋蟀粉替代不同比例的鱼粉不影响黄颡鱼幼鱼的生长性能和肌肉氨基酸含量,且能增加血清GLU和降低TCHO含量,以30%的蟋蟀粉替代鱼粉比例能生长最佳,且优于对照组。本研究对揭示蟋蟀粉在黄颡鱼饲料中替代鱼粉应用的可行性、为今后昆虫蛋白源在水产饲料中的开发提供科学依据。     

荣成鳀鱼资源开发、利用的现状及建议采取的对策与措施

鳀鱼是东、黄海区(含我国近海)尚未充分开发的中、上层小型鱼类。农业部调查组分析,简要分析了鳀鱼资源开发、利用的进程,提出了年开发鳀鱼的最佳数量范围,指出鱼粉、鱼肉加工、利用的问题,并提出鱼粉生产线规划、布局,设备选型,攻克鱼肉制品技术难关的措施及有关对策。     

发酵鱼溶浆替代鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、抗氧化能力、蛋白质代谢及相关基因表达的影响

为研究发酵鱼溶浆(FSW)替代鱼粉对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼生长、抗氧化能力、蛋白质代谢及相关基因表达的影响,实验设正对照组(50%鱼粉),负对照组(30%鱼粉),在负对照组基础上分别以2%、4%、6%、8%的FSW替代鱼粉,分别命名为FSW2、FSW4、FSW6和FSW8组,饲喂初始体重为(30.00±0.03) g的大菱鲆幼鱼8周。结果显示,各组间幼鱼成活率均无显著差异(P>0.05),FSW2~FSW8组幼鱼增重率、蛋白质效率与正对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),但均显著高于负对照组(P<0.05)。FSW2~FSW8组全鱼和背肌粗蛋白含量与正对照组无显著差异,但显著高于负对照组(P<0.05);负对照组全鱼和背肌粗脂肪含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。负对照组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和甘油三脂(TG)均显著高于正对照组(P<0.05),负对照组、FSW2 ~FSW8组血清中总胆固醇(T-CHO)、ALT和AST呈先降低后升高的趋势,肝脏中ALT和AST含量则呈相反趋势。负对照组血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量显著低于正对照组(P<0.05)。负对照组肝脏中蛋白激酶A(PKA)、蛋白激酶C(PKC)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性均显著低于正对照组(P<0.05)。与正对照组相比,负对照组肠道中氨基酸转运载体b0at1和小肽转运载体pept1表达量上调,氨基酸转运载体cat1、pat1表达量差异不显著,FSW2~FSW8组b0at1、cat1、pat1和pept1表达量均显著高于正对照组和负对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲料中添加FSW显著改善了实验鱼对饲料蛋白质的利用率,缓解了植物蛋白造成的生长性能下降。以增重率为评价指标,添加FSW可使饲料中鱼粉的使用量降低至22%,且鱼体在生长和体组成上与50%鱼粉组无显著差异。     

养殖密度和抗菌肽含量对网箱养殖的黄颡鱼生长性能的影响

在水温19.1～23.2℃下,将平均湿体质量为(19.9±3.5)g的黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco以2kg/m~3(D1)、3kg/m~3(D2)、4kg/m~3(D3)和5kg/m~3(D4)kg/m~3的密度饲养在水库中长2.0m×宽2.0m×高2.0m的网箱中,投喂基础饲料;再按D2组的密度饲养上述规格黄颡鱼幼鱼,分别投喂基础饲料(CK组,对照组)和添加10mg/kg(G1)、30mg/kg(G2)、60mg/kg(G3)和(G4)100mg/kg饲料抗菌肽(水溶)的饲料,研究养殖密度和饲料中添加抗菌肽对黄颡鱼生长性能和体成分的影响。抗菌肽(水溶)用海藻酸钠(剂量250mL,0.5%)包埋,自然风干。70d的养殖结果表明:黄颡鱼末体质量、末体长、特定生长率(SGR)和肥满度(K)随养殖密度增高而下降,饲料系数则上升;D1组黄颡鱼幼鱼末体长、末体质量、日增重率(DBW)、K、存活率(SR)显著高于D3和D4组(P0.05),但D1和D2组的鱼体K、饲料系数(FC)无显著差异(P0.05)。饲料中添加10～30mg/kg抗菌肽可以显著提高黄颡鱼的DBW以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,当添加量为30mg/kg时,SGR最高;当添加量为100mg/kg时,肝脏的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与血清中溶菌酶(LSZ)活性较对照组显著降低(P0.05)。实验证明,黄颡鱼网箱养殖适宜放养密度为3～4kg/m~3,饲料中抗菌肽添加量不超过60mg/kg能促进鱼的生长。添加抗菌肽10mg/kg组鱼的CAT活性最高,显著高于60mg/kg、90mg/kg以及对照组(P0.05);当添加量为30～60mg/kg时,DBW、SGR、K出现差异显著(P0.05),60mg/kg时DBW、SGR和K达到最高,高于其余各组,饲料系数FC下降。     

小麦蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大黄鱼幼鱼生长、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响

为研究小麦蛋白粉替代大黄鱼幼鱼饲料中的鱼粉对其生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标及肝脏抗氧化能力的影响,实验以小麦蛋白粉替代基础饲料中0%(FM组为对照组)、25%(WGM25组)、50%(WGM50组)、75%(WGM75组)和100%(WGM100组)的鱼粉,配制成5种等氮(蛋白质水平为45%)等脂(脂肪水平为10%)的饲料。结果显示,大黄鱼幼鱼各处理组的存活率(SR)和饲料系数(FCR)差异不显著;增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)各替代组显著高于对照组;各处理组的肝体比(HSI)、脏体比(VSI)和肥满度(CF)差异不显著。全鱼粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分和灰分的含量差异不显著;肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分含量差异不显著;肌肉灰分含量WGM50、WGM75组和FM、WGM25、WGM100组差异显著。各处理组大黄鱼血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)的含量均无显著性差异。肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,WGM25和WGM100组显著低于FM、WGM50和WGM75组;丙二醛(MDA)的活性,WGM50组显著高于FM、WGM25和WGM100组;过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性,各组间差异不显著;谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)的活性,WGM100组显著高于其他组。研究表明,在该实验条件下,小麦蛋白粉替代饲料(含40%鱼粉)中100%的鱼粉不会影响大黄鱼幼鱼的生长。     

Effects of Dietary Supplements on Growth Performance and Phosphorus Waste Production of Australian Catfish,Tandanus tandanus,Fed with Diets Containing Soybean Meal as Fishmeal Replacement

Effects of dietary phytase, amino acid (AA), and inorganic phosphorus (P) in soybean meal (SBM) diets on the growth, feed utilization, and P waste of Australian catfish, Tandanus tandanus, were evaluated. In Experiment 1, SBM replaced 30% of fishmeal (FM) protein in the four test diets, supplemented with phytase (1000–3000 FTU/kg). In Experiment 2, SBM replaced 45% of FM protein in the four test diets, supplemented with phytase, AAs, inorganic P, or their combinations. Inclusion of 3000 FTU/kg significantly improved growth performance and feed utilization of catfish. Ortho‐P waste was significantly lower in fish fed with SBM diets. At 30% FM protein replacement, dietary SBM did not reduce the total P waste of catfish while dietary phytase significantly did. At 45% FM protein replacement, phytase alone did not significantly improve the growth and feed utilization of catfish fed with SBM diets while significantly better results were obtained when both phytase and AAs were supplemented. Dietary inclusion of inorganic P significantly decreased P utilization and increased P waste of the fish. Dietary phytase significantly improved P utilization of catfish in both experiments.     

The effect of dietary cricket meal (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gryllus bimaculatus</Emphasis>) on growth performance,antioxidant enzyme activities,and haematological response of African catfish (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Clarias gariepinus</Emphasis>)

This study was conducted to investigate the growth performance, biomarkers of oxidative stress, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) as well as the haematological response of African catfish after being fed with fish feed containing different levels of cricket meal. The juvenile fish were assigned to three different treatments with isonitrogenous (35 %) and isoenergetic (19 kJ g^?1) diets containing 100 % cricket meal (100 % CM), 75 % cricket meal (75 % CM), and 100 % fishmeal (100 % FM) as control groups for 7 weeks. The results indicated that a diet containing 100 % CM and 75 % CM improved growth performance in terms of body weight gain and specific growth rate, when compared to 100 % FM. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) did not differ significantly between all diets, but reduced FCR and increased PER were observed with a higher inclusion of cricket meal. A haematological examination of fish demonstrated no significant difference of red blood cells in all diets and white blood cells showed a significantly higher value in fishmeal-fed fish. On the other hand, haemoglobin and haematocrit significantly increased with increasing amounts of cricket meal in the diet. Antioxidant activity of CAT was higher in the 100 % CM group compared to fish fed other diets, whereas GST and SOD showed increasing trends with a higher incorporation of cricket, although insignificant differences were observed between all diets. These results suggest that cricket meal could be an alternative to fishmeal as a protein source in the African catfish diet.     

Fishmeal can be completely replaced by soy protein concentrate by increasing feeding frequency in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus GIFT strain) less than 2 g

An 8‐week growth trial was conducted to determine the effects of complete replacement of fishmeal protein by soy protein concentrate (SPC) on growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus GIFT strain) fry (initial body weight 1.6 ± 0.0 g). In control diet, 135 g kg^‐1 fishmeal was used, and in the other two diets, 100% of fishmeal was replaced by SPC supplemented with or without methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA) according to the content in FM diet. Fish of FM group were fed twice daily. Fish of SPC6 group were fed SPC diet six times daily. Fish of SPCM group were fed twice (SPCM2) or six times (SPCM6) daily. The results showed that complete replacement of fishmeal with SPC did not affect survival, condition factor, visceralsomatic index of Nile tilapia. Feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish in SPCM2 and SPC6 groups were higher than those in FM and SPCM6 groups. Specific growth rate (SGR) of fish in SPCM6 group was highest among four treatments. Productive protein value (PPV) of SPCM2 and SPC6 groups were significantly lower than that of FM group. Fishmeal could be completely replaced by SPC without negative effect on growth by MHA supplementation and increasing feeding frequency.     

Effect of dietary fermented soybean meal on growth,intestinal morphology and microbiota in juvenile large yellow croaker,Larimichthys crocea

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacement of fish meal (FM) with fermented soybean meal (FSM) on growth performance, intestinal morphology and microbiota of juvenile large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Replacement ratio of FM with FSM were 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 75%, respectively (marked as FSM0, FSM15, FSM30, FSM45, FSM60 and FSM75). The results indicated that the survival ranged from 84.78% to 99.44%, and no significant differences were observed among all treatments (p > 0.05). Weight gain ratio (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) significantly decreased when the replacement level of FM protein exceeded 60%, and fish fed the FSM60 and FSM75 diets had lower WGR and SGR than those fed the other diets. Feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) significantly increased with replacement levels of FM increasing. Illumina high‐throughput sequence analyses showed that the alpha diversity did not differ among the diets of FSM0, FSM15 and FSM75. The whole community of tested samples was not modified by FSM, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant flora in the intestines based on the phyla level. The dominant phyla in the water sample were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes. Fish fed the diet containing FSM75 significantly reduced the species abundance of Paenibacillus. There was a certain correlation between the intestine microbiota and SGR, antioxidant, and immune. Results indicated that up to 45% of FM can be replaced by FSM without negative effects on growth performance and intestinal integrity of juvenile large yellow croaker.     

The effect of the dietary substitution of fishmeal with tuna by‐product meal on growth,body composition,plasma chemistry and amino acid profiles of juvenile Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)

The effect of the substitution of fishmeal with tuna by‐product meal (TBM) in the diet of Korean rockfish on growth, body composition, plasma chemistry and amino acid profiles was determined. Nine experimental diets were prepared. The control (Con) diet consisted of 550 g kg^?1 fishmeal. The 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 and 100 % fishmeal diets were substituted with tuna by‐product meal (TBM), referred to as the TBM10, TBM20, TBM30, TBM40, TBM60, TBM80 and TBM100 diets, respectively. Finally, the fishmeal and soybean meal was completely replaced with TBM in the diet TBM100‐S. There was no significant difference in weight gain and SGR of the fish that were fed the TBM40 and Con diets. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the fish that were fed the Con, TBM10, TBM20 and TBM30 diets was lower than that of the fish that were fed all of the other diets. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish that were fed the TBM10, TBM20 and TBM300 diets was higher than that of fish that were fed the TBM40, TBM60, TBM80, TBM100 and TBM100‐S diets. It can be concluded that the substitution of fishmeal with up to 40 and 30 % TBM in the diet of juvenile Korean rockfish could be made without exerting a detrimental effect on their growth (SGR) and feed utilization (FCR and PER), respectively.     

Interactive effects of salinity and complete fishmeal replacement on growth,food consumption,and gene expression of hepatic IGF‐I,IGF‐II and growth hormone receptors in Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus (L.)

A 12‐week feeding trial was conducted using Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) to evaluate the interactive effects of fishmeal replacement and salinity on growth, feed utilization efficiencies and relative expression of growth related genes. Two iso‐nitrogenous and iso‐energetic diets were prepared (32% protein). The control diet included 15% fishmeal (FM diet) and fishmeal component in non‐fishmeal diet (NFM) was eliminated by a mixture of poultry by‐product meal, high protein distillers dried grains and distillers dried grains with soluble. The NFM diet was supplemented with DL‐methionine and L‐lysine. Duplicated group of fish with initial mean weight of 6 g, reared in four salinity levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 g/L) were fed one of the two diets twice a day to near satiety. At the end of the experiment, growth, feed utilization efficiency and expression of growth related genes were compared. The specific growth rate (SGR), mean feed intake (MFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not affected by the diets while salinity effects were significant. The fish in the 4 g/L salinity showed the highest SGR and MFI while fish in the 0 g/L treatment showed the lowest FCR. Relative expression of hepatic IGF‐I and IGF‐II was regulated by salinity but not by the diet. Expression of growth hormone receptor gene was not affected by either diet or salinity. The present findings provide evidence for the possibility of total fishmeal replacement in saline waters (0–12 g/L) without compromising growth, feed utilization and body composition of Nile tilapia.     

Evaluation of feed utilization and growth performance of juvenile striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus fed diets with varying inclusion levels of corn gluten meal

A nutrition trial with striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) juveniles was undertaken to evaluate the effect of replacing dietary fishmeal (FM) protein with corn gluten meal (CGM). A diet with FM as the main protein source was used as the control diet (FM). Five experimental diets (approximately 320 g kg^?1 crude protein) were formulated to progressively replace 20% (CGM20), 40% (CGM40), 60% (CGM60), 80% (CGM80) and 100% (CGM100) of FM protein. Fifteen fish per tank (initial weight 11.2 ± 0.6 g) were randomly distributed into 18 80‐litre fibreglass tanks connected to a closed recirculation system (temperature 30.3 ± 1.0 °C). The diets were tested in triplicate for 12 weeks. The final weight and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed diets CGM20, CGM40 and CGM60 were not significantly different compared to fish fed the FM diet. Feed intake (FI) tended to decrease with increasing dietary CGM level. Striped catfish fed FM, CGM20 and CGM40 had significantly lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with fish fed CGM80 and CGM100 (P < 0.05). The protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish fed the CGM80 and CGM100 diets was significantly lower than those of all other treatments (P < 0.05). Total ammonia‐nitrogen (TAN) excretion increased with elevated dietary CGM inclusion. The viscerosomatic index (VSI) of fish fed the CGM80 and CGM100 diets were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of fish fed the other treatments. The crude lipid content in the final body composition of the striped catfish was elevated significantly with increasing dietary CGM levels. Fish fed the CGM80 and CGM100 diets displayed haematocrit levels significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those fed the other diets. The haemoglobin content in fish was significantly higher in fish fed CGM20 and lower at CGM100 compared to fish fed the FM diet. The results of the present trial indicated that the optimum level of FM protein replacement with CGM determined by quadratic regression analysis was 25.1% on the basis of maximum SGR.