棉花新品种赣棉杂1号的选育及示范

赣棉杂1号是江西省棉花研究所采用杂种优势利用的方法选育出的江西省首个优质、高产杂交棉新品种.该品种的母本为优质、抗病、高产的自育材料YL168;父本为经航天诱变育种材料中系统选育而成、适纺60支纱以上的特优材料YM-1;通过在F1代优势测定试验、品种比较试验、省级区域试验、生产示范等试验示范,赣棉杂1号表现突出,一般子棉产量为4 500 kg/hm2、皮棉产量为1 900 kg/hm2,霜前花率85%;2.5%跨长≥30 mm,比强≥33.2 cN/tex,马克隆值3.7～4.8;抗棉枯萎病、枯萎病指7.4,抗逆性能较强,综合性状优良.根据赣棉杂1号的特征特性提出了相应的高产栽培措施.     

湘杂棉6号在湖南永州种植表现及栽培技术

2005年永州市零陵区农业局经作站引进湘杂棉6号F1试种,皮棉产量高的达到2225kg/hm2,平均皮棉产量1873kg/hm2。2006年该镇种植了140hm2湘杂棉6号F1,占该镇棉花面积的88.4%,平均皮棉产量达到1970kg/hm2,比上年平均皮棉增产达97kg/hm2。在黄田埔镇设计6个已在当地种植一定面积的棉花品种(系)进行比较试验,试验表明,湘杂棉6号子棉、皮棉产量比对照湘杂棉2号分别增产4.0%和5.76%,比中29增产9.76%和9.24%。     

中棉所41在南疆棉田高密度高产栽培技术

2006年农三师四十八团引进中棉所41,示范种植200hm2.该品种成铃率高、品质优良.2007年中棉所41成为本团主栽品种,种植1867 hm2,平均每公顷产皮棉2722.5 kg,最高产量达到4275 kg.现对中棉所41高密度滴灌高产栽培技术阐述如下.     

甜菜遗传单粒型多倍体杂交种甜单303的选育

甜单303是甜菜遗传单粒型多倍体杂交种.该品种在2002～2003年的黑龙江省甜菜品种区域试验中,16点次的平均块根产量为39877.8kg/hm2,比对照种甜研303和甜单二号平均高12.16%;平均含糖率16.47%,比对照低0.46度;平均理论产糖量为6667.5 kg/hm2,比对照高8.77%.在2003年的黑龙江省甜菜品种生产示范试验中,4个试验点平均块根产量为41273.9 kg/hm2,比对照种甜单二号提高17.88%;平均含糖率16.89%,比对照低0.52度;平均理论产糖量为7135.6 kg/hm2,比对照高14.18%.该品种抗褐斑病性与对照种相仿.2004年初通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定命名.     

湖北短季棉麦后直播不同密度试验

2008年用两个短季棉品种中棉所50、中棉所64进行麦后直播棉不同密度(密度在37 500株/hm2至60 000株/hm2之间)高产试验,结果表明:随着密度增加单株铃数下降,公顷总铃数、籽棉产量增加;实收籽棉产量的方差分析显示,不同密度间籽棉产量差异极显著,中棉所50、中棉所64两品种均在60 000株/hm2的密度下产量最高,籽棉单产分别达4 188 kg/hm2、4 075 kg/hm2.     

中棉所24在新疆博州的表现及栽培要点

新疆博州棉区属西北内陆北疆次宜棉区。本区通过多年多点试验示范 ,筛选出适宜当地栽培的棉花新品种中棉所 2 4 ,目前该品种推广面积已占全州棉花播种面积的 60 %。现将其种植表现概述如下。1　产量水平博州市种子站 1 999年对一县一市 6点次棉花早熟品种大区示范结果汇总 (表 1 )。中棉所 2 4在 6个示范点产量均排第一 ,表现出良好的丰产性能。表 1　中棉所 2 4与对照品种的产量比较　 hm2品　种 株数/万株单株成铃 /个产量/ kg 位次中棉所 2 412 .2 87.6 0 1939.5 1新陆早 7号 (CK 1) 11.92 6 .6 7175 6 .5 2中棉所 16 (CK 2 ) 11.43 6 …     

扬辐麦4号高产栽培技术

扬辐麦4号,原名"扬辐麦3046",属春性中熟小麦品种,由江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所辐照宁麦8号/宁麦9号杂交种,于2005年育成、2008年通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定的中抗赤霉病、感纹枯病、高抗梭条花叶病、高抗穗发芽的新品种.2006至2007年引进示范种植0.2 hm2,产量达8 280 kg/hm2,2007至2008年推广种植150余hm2,产量达8 158 kg/hm2,并出现超9 000 kg/hm2的田块.现将其高产栽培技术总结如下.     

鄂杂棉23肥效及施肥量的研究

在江汉平原地区对抗虫杂交棉鄂杂棉23进行效应函数法配方施肥试验,结果表明:氮磷钾配合施用后有利于促进该品种的个体发育,建立良好的群体关系;氮和钾是控制该品种产量的首要因子,磷次之.在江汉平原,该品种最高产量的施肥量为氮277.6kg/hm2、磷71.7kg/hm2、钾225kg/hm2,最经济施肥量为氮208.5kg/hm2、磷66.2kg/hm2、钾152.6kg/hm2.     

高品质棉科棉1号高产优质栽培技术探讨

2002年宿迁市引进示范种植科棉1号0.7hm2,平均每公顷产子棉5139kg;2003年和2004年泗洪县大面积推广,2004年种植1466.7hm2,平均单产子棉4461kg,较当地大面积种植的苏棉9号增收子棉1153.5kg,其中34.7hm2高产示范方单产子棉5823kg,表现出明显增产优势。为了进一步挖掘科棉1号高产潜力,提高本地棉花生产水平,现根据近几年来的试验、示范及大面积生产调查,对科棉1号高产优质栽培技术作如下探讨。1高产优质产量结构根据科棉1号生育特性,结合本市生产情况,确定的皮棉产量指标为每公顷1875~2250kg。据实践,其产量结构为:每公顷有效铃数90万~105万个,…     

江汉平原棉区油后直播短季棉品种示范效果

引进6个短季棉品种（系）在油菜收获后直播种植示范,结果表明：新早11-1、新早11-2两个短季棉品种（系）子棉产量分别达到2 899.5 kg/hm2、2 799.0 kg/hm2,且棉田综合经济效益好于油菜收获后营养钵移栽棉,适宜在江汉平原棉区进一步扩大示范与推广。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.