β-胡萝卜素对小鼠血液成分及SOD、GSH-PX和CAT活性的影响

小鼠灌胃不同剂量的β-胡萝卜素(20、10、5 mg/kg),测定其血液生理指标及SOD、GSH-PX、CAT活性.结果表明,高、中、低剂量组的β-胡萝卜素组白细胞总数、粒细胞数和中值细胞百分数显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),高剂量的β-胡萝卜素组中值细胞百分数、血红蛋白含量、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度、血小板和血小板压积显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),中剂量的β-胡萝卜素组血清、肝组织SOD、GSH-PX、CAT活性显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),高剂量的β-胡萝卜素组出血时间、凝血时间、血清、肝组织SOD、GSH-PX活性显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).     

家兔氟乙酰胺中毒的血清生化指标变化

把 2 0只健康家兔随机分成 4组 ,第 组为对照组 ,正常饲喂 ,第 、 及 组作为中毒试验组 ,分别经口灌服 1 .5mg/ kg、2 .0 mg/ kg、1 0 .0 mg/ kg体重的氟乙酰胺溶液 ( 56 .8mg/m L) ;各中毒组家兔死亡前从心脏采取血样 ,未死亡家兔和对照组家兔在实验第 3天从心脏采取血样 ,测定血清中 AST、AL T、CK、L DH活力和 CRE、Urea含量。结果显示 :血清中 AST、AL T、CK、L DH活力明显升高 ( P <0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1 ) ; 组家兔血清 Urea含量显著升高 ( P<0 .0 5) , 、 组与对照组差异极显著 ( P <0 .0 1 ) ;各中毒组家兔血清 CRE含量也有不同程度升高 ,但只有 组与对照组有显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 5)。实验说明家兔氟乙酰胺中毒后心脏、肝脏、肾脏等组织器官受到损伤     

屎肠球菌制剂对泌乳中期奶牛血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

文章主要研究饲粮中添加屎肠球菌制剂对泌乳中期奶牛血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响。将24头体重、胎次、泌乳量、泌乳期、体况等基本一致的荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为3组:对照组、低剂量组、高剂量组。试验预试期14 d,正试期28 d,每隔14 d于晨饲前尾静脉采集血样测定血常规、血液生化、抗氧化和免疫指标。白细胞、血红蛋白、血小板、红细胞压积、红细胞平均体积、平均血红蛋白含量、平均血红蛋白浓度、红细胞分布等血常规组间无显著影响(P0.05),但低剂量组红细胞数量显著高于高剂量组(P0.05);血清碱性磷酸酶、总胆固醇、总蛋白、血中尿素氮等指标组间无显著影响(P0.05),但高剂量组的乳酸脱氢酶显著低于对照组(P0.05);丙二醛、还原型谷胱甘肽、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶等组间皆无显著影响(P0.05);另外,高剂量组肿瘤坏死因子显著低于对照组和低剂量组(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加屎肠球菌提高了红细胞数量和抗肿瘤因子的浓度,降低了乳酸脱氢酶的浓度,利于免疫力的提高。     

银川地区小尾寒羊血常规生理指标的测定

通过对小尾寒羊部分血常规的测定 ,为小尾寒羊在银川地区的饲养管理和疾病的诊断治疗提供一些参考数据。主要测定项目有血红蛋白的含量、红细胞压积、红细胞计数、白细胞计数和白细胞分类计数等指标。同时与宁夏滩羊相比小尾寒羊的血红蛋白的含量、红细胞计数、白细胞计数差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1) ,红细胞压积差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,白细胞分类计数中嗜碱性白细胞、嗜酸性白细胞、幼稚型嗜中性白细胞、分叶型嗜中性白细胞和单核细胞差异极显著 (P <0 .0 1) ,杆型嗜中性白细胞和淋巴细胞差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。     

成年徐海鸡血液生理生化指标分析

为研究成年徐海鸡的血液生理生化指标,试验测定并分析了40周龄徐海鸡的各项血液生理生化指标。结果表明:1血液生理指标:徐海鸡公鸡红细胞计数(RBC)、白细胞计数(WBC)、血小板计数(PLT)、血红蛋白浓度(HGB)、红细胞压积(HCT)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)测定值极显著大于母鸡(P0.01),公鸡红细胞分布宽度(RDW)测定值显著大于母鸡(P0.05);2血液生化指标:徐海鸡公鸡谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、葡萄糖(GLU)、钠(Na)离子测定值极显著高于母鸡(P0.01),母鸡甘油三酯(TG)、镁(Mg)离子、钙(Ca)离子测定值极显著大于公鸡(P0.01),母鸡胆碱酯酶(CHE)、钾(K)离子测定值显著高于公鸡(P0.05)。     

复方中药添加剂对仔猪生产性能和血液生理指数的影响

研究复方中药添加剂对仔猪生产性能和血液生理指数的影响。试验断奶仔猪随机分为4组,每组10头,分别为对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组,分别在日粮中添加0、0.5%、1.0%和2.0%复方中药添加剂,饲养21 d。在第21天饲喂前空腹称质量记录体质量,计算平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增质量(ADG)和料重比(F/G)。前腔静脉空腹采集全血5 m L。测定全血中红细胞计数(RBC)、红细胞压积(HCT)、血红蛋白(HGB)、血小板计数(PLT)和白细胞计数(WBC)。在断乳仔猪日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%和2.0%复方中药添加剂,仔猪的平均日增质量、平均日采食量有所提高和料重比有下降趋势,但各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组仔猪血液中白细胞数都显著高于对照组(P0.05),血液血小板数显著低于对照组(P0.05),红细胞压积各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。中剂量组和高剂量组的仔猪血液中红细胞数和血红蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。     

不同采样量、保存时间和温度对猪血常规测定结果的影响

为了提高猪血常规测定结果的准确性,试验采集6头广西巴马小型猪血液,利用全自动血细胞分析仪测定并分析了采血量、冷藏保存时间、冷冻温度对猪血常规测定结果的影响。结果表明:采血量较大(3 mL左右)时血常规测定结果的稳定性更差;血样采集后在4℃保存4 h内测定对血常规指标没有显著影响,8 h以后测定对白细胞指标有显著影响;-20℃、-40℃、-80℃冷冻后测定血常规均会对大多数指标有极显著影响;液氮冷冻30 min对猪血液红细胞总数、血红蛋白浓度、血红蛋白含量、血小板总数等指标没有显著影响。说明测定猪血常规应采集较少量(1 mL左右)血液于4℃保存并于4 h内完成测定。     

附红细胞体对仔猪血液指标的影响

本试验分别选用10头健康仔猪和附红细胞体感染仔猪,进行了血液红细胞压积、红细胞总数、血红蛋白、白细胞总数等生理指标的检测。结果显示,附红细胞体感染的仔猪红细胞压积(P0.01)、红细胞总数(P0.01)和血红蛋白(P0.01)显著低于健康仔猪,白细胞总数(P0.01)显著高于健康仔猪;附红细胞体感染的仔猪嗜中性白细胞(P0.05)、单核细胞(P0.05)显著高于健康仔猪,嗜酸性白细胞(P0.05)和淋巴细胞(P0.01)显著低于健康仔猪。结果表明,附红细胞体的侵袭引起猪血液指标的变化是猪附红细胞体病的共同特征。     

家兔临床型乳腺炎病理模型的血液学检验

本试验选取16只3~4 kg健康泌乳家兔,通过人工造模的方法诱发其乳腺发炎,建立临床型乳腺炎模型。然后分别在造模前1 h和造模后4、12、24、36、487、2 h采集血液0.5 mL、血清1 mL,进行血常规、血生化检测和炎性细胞因子测定(ELISA)。结果显示:①外周血白细胞总数在造模后4 h显著高于造模前水平(P0.05),12~72 h内极显著高于造模前水平(P0.01);红细胞总数、红细胞压积、血红蛋白含量在造模前至造模后72 h内无显著差异(P0.05)。②血清磷离子含量、血清总胆红素含量、血清直接胆红素含量在造模前至造模后72 h内无显著差异(P0.05);血清钙离子含量在造模后4 h显著低于造模前水平(P0.05),12~72 h内极显著低于造模前水平(P0.01)。③血清TNF-α和IL-6含量造模后开始升高,12~72 h内极显著高于造模前水平(P0.01)。结果证明白细胞总数、血清钙离子含量、血清TNF-α和IL-6含量的变化可作为急性乳房炎炎症发展情况的指标。     

中度热应激对荷斯坦牛部分血液生化指标的影响

本研究测定了中国荷斯坦牛分别在中度热应激、无热应激状态下的23个血液生化指标,结果表明:在中度热应激(THI=82.06)状态下,试验牛血液的总蛋白(TP)含量、红细胞数(RBC)、平均血红蛋白(MCH)含量、红细胞压积(HCT)与无热应激组差异显著(P＜0.05);血清肌酐(CRE)含量、胆固醇(CHO)含量、淀粉酶(AMY)含量、红细胞平均血红蛋白(MCHC)含量、白细胞数(WBC)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)6项血液生化指标与无热应激组差异极显著(P＜0.01),其余13个生化指标两组间差异不显著.同时对结果进行了分析讨论,希望能为科学防控奶牛热应激提供参考思路和基础数据.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -