12种速生人工林树种幼龄材的室内耐腐性试验

对广东12种速生人工林树种幼龄材的耐腐性进行了室内试验，检验了不同树种受彩绒革盖菌(Coriolus versicolor)和密粘褶菌(Gloeophyllum trabeum)侵染的失重率，并根据GB/T13942．1-92标准进行了分级。结果表明，速生树种幼龄材多属于耐腐以下等级，地面堆放寿命在5年以下；木材失重率与木材密度无明显相关性；同一树种树龄大的失重率明显低于树龄小的；菌种对木材失重率有明显影响。     

火炬松种源幼龄材材性变异的研究

对在广西南宁、广东英德、江西分宜、浙江富阳４个试点的９年生火炬松源林的木密度、管胞长度、晚材率进行了测定分析，结果表明：４个试验点木材密度在种源间均表现出显著差异，管胞长度与晚材率差异不显著。     

浙江桂幼龄材的生长特性及主要材性

以3株6年生浙江桂幼龄材为试材,研究了其生物量、材积、基本物理力学性能及生长轮的宽度、纤维长度、宽度、微纤丝角和结晶度的径向变异规律。结果表明,浙江桂幼龄材单株平均总生物量27.93 kg,平均材积0.0124 m3,生长轮平均宽度9.15 mm（3.12~10.57 mm）,基本密度为0.414 g/ cm3,除髓心外其余各生长轮宽度和密度无明显差异,反映浙江桂生长较为稳定;顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度和弹性模量等物理力学综合性能中上等;纤维长度为830.6μm（581~1043μm）,纤维宽度为23.6μm（21~24μm）,结晶度为38.46％~58.43％,微纤丝角为13.6°~24.6°;纤维长度、宽度和结晶度自髓心向外逐渐增加,微纤丝角自髓心向外逐渐减小,结晶度与纤维长度、宽度间相关性极显著。     

油松株内幼龄材与成熟材材性的比较研究

本文就中条山油松株内幼龄材与成熟材材性差异的比较研究,讨论对幼龄期划分的依据。根据木材解剖特征、物理力学性质的径向变异规律,确定其幼龄期为14年。随着树干高度的增加,油松木材幼龄期逐渐缩短、株内幼龄材范围及所占断面上的比例变小。株内幼龄材与成熟材材性差异显著。幼龄材管胞长度短、直径小,胞壁薄,微纤丝角度大,生长轮较宽,晚材率低,浸提物含量高,基本密度较大。幼龄材的力学强度远远小于成熟材。     

幼龄材范围的确定及树木生长速率对幼龄材生长量的影响

本文以杉木、日本落叶松的人上林和天然林木材为对象，选择ｙ＝ａ＋ｂｌｎｘ回归模式。利用其管胞特征因子随年轮数的变化，研究划分幼龄材年轮界限的最适因子，并就生长速率对幼龄材生长量的影响进入了探讨。结果表明：杉木和日本落叶松的人工林及天然林木的管胞特征值在径向水平上的变化均遵循ｙ＝ａ＋ｂｌｎｘ模式，尤其管胞长度与年轮数回归的相关系数Ｒ均达０．９８以上；管胞长度与管胞宽度及纤丝用相比，遗传率最大，随年轮数变化的模式最稳定，是划分幼龄材界限的最佳因子，由此得出杉木人工林幼龄材界限年轮为２０－２２（距髓心距离为１２．９－１３．２ｃｍ）、天然林为１６－１８（４．１－４．５ｃｍ），日本落叶松人工林为１９－２３（８．７－１０．５ｃｍ）、天然林为２３－２４（２．９－３．１ｃｍ）；幼龄材生长量与树木生长速率成正比。     

杨树材性成熟龄模型的建立及树体内幼龄材的分布

以小叶杨和北京杨的材性测定值(导管分子长度或木纤维长度或导管腔径)作为因变量,以年轮数作为自变量,建立材性成熟非线性模型,以此为依据讨论成熟龄问题,并对幼龄材在树体内的分布进行分析。导管分子长度、木纤维长度和导管腔径的成熟龄模型为应用分段回归分析方法拟合的二次方程和定数函数结合的非线性方程,方程的决定系数在0 85 7～0 991之间,并在0 1 %水平上达到显著。以导管分子长度作为材性指标,应用这个非线性模型分析的结果表明:材性成熟龄及幼龄材半径因树种、立地的灌溉条件不同存在差异。无灌溉北京杨6～1 0年达到成熟,幼龄材半径为5 2mm左右;无灌溉小叶杨2 4～2 9年达到成熟,幼龄材的半径为90mm左右;灌溉小叶杨1 3～1 5年左右达到成熟,幼龄材的半径为85mm左右。     

刺楸木材幼龄期划分的探讨

以安徽琅琊山天然林内的刺楸木材为材料,在研究其解剖特征和物理力学性质变异的基础上,着重探讨刺楸木材幼龄期。结果发现：根据不同材性指标变异模式划分出的幼龄期不相同,以纤维长度和微纤丝角的径向变异规律划分出的幼龄期为１７年,以基本密度和顺纹抗压强度的径向变异规律划分出的幼龄期为１５年;根据同一材性指标不同高度材性变异模式划分的幼龄期也有差异。其总体趋势为：随着树干高度增加,其幼龄期略微变短。     

长岭岗林场日本落叶松幼龄材木材密度测定

对生长于湖北长岭岗林场陡坡地及平缓地两种立地条件的。12年生日本落叶松林的木材密度进行了测定，通过差异显著性分析，结果为：两种立地条件下日本落叶松幼龄材的基本密度、气干密度和全干密度，在α=0.05水平下差异均不显著，其木材的基本密度为0.443g／cm^3，变异系数为2．22％；气干密度为0．537g／cm^3，变异系数为1．71％；全干密度为0．502g／cm^3，变异系数为1．79％。     

小黑杨幼龄材与成熟材制浆性能的比较

以小黑杨幼龄材和成熟材为研究对象,分析比较其化学组成、纤维形态和制浆性能. 结果表明:幼龄材的苯醇抽出物、纤维素、木质素含量高于成熟材,综纤维素含量低于成熟材;幼龄材的纤维平均长度低于成熟材.分别采用硫酸盐法制浆正交试验,分析得出:保温时间、用碱量对幼龄材的纸浆得率和卡伯值的影响非常显著;用碱量和保温时间对成熟材的纸浆卡伯值影响非常显著;在相同蒸煮条件下,幼龄材比成熟材纸浆得率高,卡伯值和聚合度低.     

6种江西常见速生阔叶材纤维形态及材性比较

为发展和科学利用速生阔叶工业用材种,对6种江西常见速生阔叶树木荷、苦楝、鹅掌楸、深山含笑、东京野茉莉及檫树的纤维形态及材性进行测定与分析。结果表明：木荷、苦楝、深山含笑、东京野茉莉的纤维都属长细型纤维,具有良好的制浆造纸性能,尤其苦楝属制浆造纸优等材,纤维长度最长,平均纤维长度达1.43 mm。檫树和鹅掌楸制浆造纸性能略差。11～12年生木荷和檫树密度已达中等密度木材范围,其中木荷平均密度最大,平均密度为0.69 g/cm3,但干缩性相对略大,深山含笑尺寸稳定性相对较好;木荷的综合强度最高,抗压强度50.52 MPa,属中级,抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量分别为141.7 MPa、17.88 GPa,均属高等水平;鹅掌楸综合强度中等,顺纹抗压强度为50.52 MPa、抗弯强度84.99 MPa,抗弯弹性模量14.55 GPa;深山含笑抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量均可达中等水平,但抗压强度略差;苦楝、东京野茉莉在材性综合强度方面稍差,抗压强度、抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量方面均属低等水平。     

Bondability of tropical fast-growing tree species I: Indonesian wood species

To estimate the potential bonding performance of bonded wood products from tropical fast-growing tree species, a study on the bondability of Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen, Pinus merkusii Jungh et. De. Vriese, and Acacia mangium Willd from Indonesia was conducted. Two-ply laminations were produced using polyvinyl acetate emulsion (PVAc), urea formaldehyde (UF), resorcinol formaldehyde (RF), and water-based polymer isocyanate (API) adhesives. In order to determine the bonding performance, the block-shear test was applied according to the Japanese Agricultural Standard for structural glued laminated timber under normal conditions and after accelerated-aging treatments. To support this study, the wettability of each wood species was also investigated through contact-angle measurement. The results showed that the bonding performance of low-density P. falcataria was better than that of medium-density P. merkusii and medium-density A. mangium, while the bonding performance of medium-density P. merkusii was better than that of medium-density A. mangium. Furthermore, compared with A. mangium, the small contact angle and good wettability in P. falcataria and P. merkusii result in better adhesion and more intimate contact between the wood surfaces and adhesive.     

Determination of fiber length and juvenile and mature wood zones in Acer velutinum Boiss. trees grown in Iran

In our investigation we studied fiber lengths and the transition age from juvenile to mature wood in Acer velutinum Boiss. For this purpose, samples from three normal maple trees at a Noshahr site in northern Iran were selected. Disks were cut at breast height. Test samples were taken along a radial direction from the pith to the bark, accounting for every ring during a 48-year period. We used the Franklin method to distinguish between fibers of juvenile and mature wood. The results show that the fiber length increased along the radial direction from the pith to the bark. The transition age between juvenile and mature wood was determined at the 14th annual ring from the pith.     

Basic density,longitudinal shrinkage and tracheid length of juvenile wood of Picea abies (L.) Karst

Variation in the growth ring width, basic density, longitudinal shrinkage and tracheid length was investigated in the juvenile wood of Norway spruce samples taken from different heights in the stem. Annual height increments were cut from the ten youngest shoots from trees of three different heights. By this method the properties of an individual growth ring could be analysed without taking samples from each ring. Sixteen tree tops of an average stem height of 8, 15 and 25 m were analysed. Basic density was low in the first shoot, highest in the second or third one and decreased gradually thereafter. Longitudinal shrinkage was highest close to the pith and decreased to about 0.2% in the outer rings. Tracheids were only ca. 1 mm long close to the pith and their length increased sharply towards the tenth shoot. The properties of juvenile wood varied with the height in the stem. Longitudinal shrinkage around the pith seemed to increase with increasing height and basic density was highest at 25 m stem height. The applicability of the method for the calculation of basic density and tracheid length in individual growth rings close to the pith is discussed.     

速生材制浆性能与其材性的多元非线性回归分析及预测方法

采用多元非线性回归方法分析速生阔叶木材的制浆得率与其化学组分、纸浆的抗张指数、撕裂指数分别与纤维形态的相关性,建立速生材制浆性能的预测模型,选取代表性的速生木材进行材性分析和制浆性能试验研究,用实测值与预测模型算出预测值进行对比.结果证明:预测值与实际测定值拟合得很好,预测模型的精度高.     

速生杨木改性材力学及胶合性能的研究

采用氨溶季胺铜防腐剂(ACQ-D)和自制低分子酚醛树脂预聚体(PF),通过满细胞真空浸渍的方法对速生杨木进行了防腐和增强化学改性处理.对改性前后材料的基本力学强度性能,以及素材、增强改性材、防腐改性材和防腐增强改性材任两种材料的胶合强度进行了测试和分析.结果表明,试验范围内,防腐处理对材料的力学性能影响不大;PF增强改性材的抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度、顺纹抗拉强度分别提高了97.11、83.36、125.53%、37.01%,防腐后增强改性材对应指标值分别提高了101.34、75.05、111.83%、32.60%,符合日本JAS标准中E类指标结构用材要求.PF增强改性材与其它材料进行胶合,压缩剪切胶合强度均大于11 MPa,木破率大于90%,能够满足日本集成材JAS标准的规定.     

Vibrational properties of heat-treated green wood

To investigate the influence of water on heat treatment, green wood was heat-treated. Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Carr.) with about 60% moisture content (MC) was used. Young's modulus and loss tangent were measured by the free-free flexural vibration test. The specimens were heated in nitrogen at 160°C for 0.5h. The results were as follows. (1) Recognizing that the effects of heat treatment are mild and that the same specimens cannot be used for both heat treatment and as controls, it was necessary to investigate the effects of the heat treatment based on the variations of properties in the whole of the test lumber. (2) Young's modulus increased and the loss tangent decreased due to heat treatment. When the vibrational properties were measured at various MCs, the MCs at the maximum value of Young's modulus and the minimum value of the loss tangent were lower in heat-treated specimens than in controls. The effects of heat treatment in green wood were similar to those in air-dried wood. (3) The loss tangents of heat-treated specimens were smaller than those of controls at about 0% MC but were larger than those of controls at about 10% MC. We thought that this resulted from the decreased MC at the minimum loss tangent after the heat treatment mentioned above. (4) The properties measured at several MCs were more useful than those at only one moisture content for investigating the effects of heat treatment.This study was presented in part at the 46th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kumamoto, April 3–5, 1996; and at the 47th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kochi, April 3–5, 1997     

The variation of the basic density within the juvenile wood of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)

The variation in the basic‐density level of 45 stems of Sitka spruce from two Danish sites has been examined. It is shown that the basic‐density level, i.e. the basic density as a function of ring width, within the juvenile wood decreases with (1) increasing distance from the pith and (2) increasing height in the stem (same ring number from pith provided). Furthermore, the basic‐density level seems to decrease with increasing stand quality, which may affect the pattern of variation in basic‐density level if the stand quality class varies with age. The basic density of the juvenile wood is markedly higher in Sitka spruce than in Norway spruce, whereby the risk of stem cracks probably is reduced.