Use of praziquantel for the control of Moniezia expansa in lambs

The efficacy of a drench containing praziquantel in combination with levamisole was evaluated in four trials performed in the 1990-91 and 1992-93 seasons in the Waikato Region of New Zealand. The trials involved 93 naturally infected lambs and compared the efficacy of a 3.75 mg/kg praziquantel 7.5mg/kg levamisole drench against Moniezia expansa, with albendazole, an albendazole-levamisole combination and oxyclozanide-levamisole combination in controlled trials. There was no significant reduction in the number of Moniezia expansa scoleces or proglottids in the control, albendazole and albendazole-levamisole groups. Oxyclozanide gave a high clearance of proglottids, but a 28% reduction of scoleces. The praziquantel-levamisole combination demonstrated complete removal of segments in all trials, and of scoleces in two trials. One scolex was found in each of the two other trials. The combination was also tested for efficacy against nematode parasites. Total worm counts indicated that levamisole in the praziquantel-levamisole combination drench retained its efficacy. The economic benefits of the use of the praziquantel-levamisole drench were investigated. This trial compared the liveweight gains of three groups of 100 lambs treated twice 4 weeks apart with either levamisole or with the praziquantel-levamisole combination or acting as untreated control group. The group treated with the praziquantel-levamisole combination gained significantly more weight in both 4-week periods and overall, when compared with either the control or levamisole treated animals.     

吡喹酮治疗淡水鱼绦虫病

随着水产养殖业的发展 ,近年来 ,江苏地区淡水鱼的绦虫病发生比较严重 ,尤其越冬鱼种受害甚深 ,严重时死亡率可达90 %以上。但对该病的药物防治比较滞后 ,缺乏对新型药物的试验研究。我们曾在 1997年 9月及 1999年 10月在宜兴市 2个严重发生绦虫病的水产养殖场试用吡喹酮防治 ,取得显著效果 ,现报告如下。1　发病情况养殖户蒋某 ,1997年 9月发现鳊鱼大量减食 ,致使投入饲料量减少 ,仅为原投料量的 40 %～ 6 0 % ,并不断有鱼死亡 ,损失可观。曾使用敌百虫或无锡、广州等地产鱼类驱虫药物均无效。捕鱼检查 ,鱼体瘦 ,成鱼每尾平均减重 0 12 5…     

Registration of generic alternatives to praziquantel for the control of Taenia ovis

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Taenia ovis is a parasite which infects dogs (the definitive host) and sheep and goats (intermediate hosts). It has been the subject of a control programme in New Zealand based largely on the 6-weekly dosing of rural dogs with praziquantel. Since the patent for praziquantel has expired, various generic formulations have become available, including the formulation tested here. It is debatable whether such products should be tested for bioequivalence and biological activity against the target parasite or for bioequivalence only. In this instance, although the drug had been registered on the basis of blood levels of praziquantel achieved, it was felt that a biological test would be beneficial if the generic drug, mixed with other anthelmintics, was to be used on a wide scale to control Taenia ovis in New Zealand.     

Strategies to control internal parasites in cattle and swine

The complex relationship between livestock and their parasites is now much better understood. The pattern of infection and reinfection is a dynamic, but predictable, phenomenon that varies with geographic region, production system and grazing system used. Preventive programs that use anthelmintics offer the most efficient approach for grazing animals and confined species. Control strategies have been designed to prevent worm egg production and to limit parasite contamination and infection at critical periods in animal growth cycles.     

纯中草药制剂鱼用快杀灵的研制

运用中草药 ,改变其常用剂型杀治鱼体寄生虫的效果十分显著。笔者研制的中草药快杀灵 ,成本低 ,无任何毒副作用 ,无残留 ,稳产高效 ,经 30 0余户鱼农 6万余亩的田间试用 ,有效率 95%以上 ,提高亩产效益 30 %左右。     

寄生虫生物控制概述

寄生虫生物控制就是采用寄生虫的某些自然天敌来对寄生虫及其侵袭病进行防治的一种生物技术,即Biological Control,简称BC。这种生态学方法可以将寄生虫感染程度控制在一个亚临床水平之下,使之不至于因病害而造成经济损失。     

The control of external parasites of cattle

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The important external parasites of cattle in New Zealand include the cattle tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, which occurs mainly in northern districts, the biting louse, Damalinia bovis, and the long-nosed sucking louse, Linognathus vituli. There are two other lice, Haematopinus eurysternus, and Solenopotes capillatus but they are much less common. The mange mite, Chorioptes bovis, occurs mainly in the winter months and causes lesions on the legs, tail and escutcheon, and in bulls it may cause severe scrotal mange similar to that seen in rams. Demodex folliculorum causes lesions deep in the skin and these constitute a serious problem in the leather industry. Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans, are blood suckers and their attacks worry cattle on pasture and in the milking sheds. At milking time they may inhibit milk let-down and the teat cups may be kicked off by restless cows. Warble flies, Hypoderma spp., are seen only in imported cattle and have never become established in New Zealand.     

Use of praziquantel for treatment of Diphyllobothrium sp infection in a dog

Eggs of a tapeworm, Diphyllobothrium sp (probably D dendriticum), were detected in feces of a healthy, 5-month-old, Siberian Husky. The dog acquired its infection in northern Canada while consuming a diet that included raw salmonid fish. Such fish serve as intermediate hosts for Diphyllobothrium spp. The infection was successfully eliminated by oral administration of a single dose of praziquantel (7.5 mg/kg of body weight.     

Epidemiology and control of parasites in warm climates

The kind of parasites a horse acquires depends upon its environment. Because patterns of transmission vary greatly with climate and management, no one worming program has universal applications. This article discusses epidemiology and control of equine parasites in the southern United States, where climates vary from warm temperate to subtropical and from humid in the southeast to arid in the southwest.     

Novel and simple approach using synthesized nickel nanoparticles to control blood-sucking parasites

The present study was on assessment of the anti-parasitic activities of nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) against the larvae of cattle ticks Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum (a.) anatolicum (Acari: Ixodidae), fourth instar larvae of Anopheles subpictus, Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex gelidus (Diptera: Culicidae). The metallic Ni NPs were synthesized by polyol process from Ni-hydrazine as precursor and Tween 80 as both the medium and the stabilizing reagent. The synthesized Ni NPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis which indicated the presence of Ni NPs. Synthesized Ni NPs showed the X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks at 42.76°, 53.40°, and 76.44°, identified as 1 1 1, 2 2 0, and 2 0 0 reflections, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the synthesized Ni NPs clearly showed that the Ni NPs were spherical in shape with an average size of 150 nm. The Ni NPs showed maximum activity against the larvae of R. (B.) microplus, H. a. anatolicum, A. subpictus, C. quinquefasciatus and C. gelidus with LC₅₀ values of 10.17, 10.81, 4.93, 5.56 and 4.94 mg/L; r² values of 0.990, 0.993, 0.992, 0.950 and 0.988 and the efficacy of Ni-hydrazine complexes showed the LC₅₀ values of 20.35, 22.72, 8.29, 9.69 and 7.83 mg/L; r² values of 0.988, 0.986, 0.989, 0.944 and 0.978, respectively. The findings revealed that synthesized Ni NPs possess excellent larvicidal parasitic activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on larvicidal activity of blood feeding parasites using synthesized Ni NPs.