Chinese herbal medicine for equine acute diarrhea

Equine acute diarrhea is a common clinical problem. Six types of acute diarrhea in horses will be described in detail in term of symptoms, diagnosis and herbal treatments in this paper. Twenty-one herbal formulas for treatment of different types of diarrhea will be introduced. Clinical results of each herbal formula will be evaluated.     

中草药对猪肉品质的影响

为探讨中草药对猪肉品质的影响,选用120头90日龄健康猪,随机分为对照组和试验组,进行中草药复方剂饲养试验。结果表明,中草药饲料添加剂对猪肉品质具有重要的调节作用。     

中药药代动力学研究概况

研究中药药代动力学是中医药发展现代化的趋势.本文对中药药代动力学的研究方法(血药浓度法和生物效应法)进行了简单的概括,并展望了该领域的研究前景.     

Effect of a pelleted supplement fed during and after omeprazole treatment on nonglandular gastric ulcer scores and gastric juice pH in horses

Gastric ulcers are common in horses. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of a commercially available supplement, SmartGut^® Ultra pellets (SmGU) on gastric ulcer scores and gastric juice pH after omeprazole treatment in stall‐confined horses. Eight Thoroughbred horses were studied in a 2‐period, 2‐treatment crossover design, where the SmGU (40 g, twice daily) was mixed in grain feed. Horses were stall‐confined and treated with the supplement or control for 6 weeks, consisting of 2 weeks (Days 1–14) omeprazole treatment, 2 weeks (Days 14–28) following discontinuation of omeprazole treatment, one week (Days 28–35) alternating feed deprivation to induce or worsen existing ulcers and a one week (Days 35–42) recovery period. Gastroscopy was performed and gastric juice pH measured on Days 0, 14, 28, 35 and 42. Gastric ulcer lesion number (NGN) and severity (NGS) scores were assigned to each horse by an investigator (F.M.A.) masked to treatment. On Day 0 before treatment, mean NGN and NGS scores and gastric juice pH were not different (P>0.05) between treatment groups. By Day 14, mean NGN and NGS scores decreased (P<0.05) in both treatment groups. By Days 28 and 35, mean NGN score significantly increased in the untreated control horses but not the SmGU‐treated horses. By Day 42, mean NGN and NGS scores were not different in either group and were significantly lower than Day 0. Mean gastric juice pH was higher in both groups on Day 14 as a result of omeprazole treatment when compared with other days. SmartGut^® Ultra supplement added to the feed prevented the worsening of gastric ulcer number 2 weeks after omeprazole treatment, without altering the gastric juice pH. Supplementation with SmGU might aid in protection of the nonglandular stomach from recurrence of ulcers after omeprazole treatment in stall‐confined horses undergoing intermittent feeding.     

中草药饲料添加剂在水产养殖中的应用

中草药添加剂具有高效、低毒、促生长等优点,不仅可以提高水产动物生产性能,还能保证水产品卫生安全。本文针对中草药饲料添加剂的作用机理及其在水产养殖中的应用作一介绍。     

中药复方及拆方组合的抗炎、镇痛、抑菌活性评价

目的：为了研究中药复方及其主要药味拆方组合的抗炎、镇痛、抑菌活性。方法：以二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀模型及冰醋酸致小鼠毛细血管渗透试验观察其对炎症的影响;通过醋酸致小鼠扭体试验及热板法试验观察其对疼痛的影响;采用二倍稀释法测定其对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌的最小抑菌浓度( MIC) 和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果：中药复方组及拆方组合不能减轻二甲苯致炎小鼠的耳肿胀度和降低小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性 (P>0.05);中药复方组、拆方组合都能极显著的减少小鼠扭体次数(P＜0.01),但对热刺激引发的小鼠痛反应时间无明显的延长 (P>0.05);中药复方在0.63 mg/mL浓度以上时对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌表现出很好的抑菌效果,对沙门氏菌呈中度敏感,其MIC为9.375 mg/mL。然而,拆方组合抑菌效果不明显。结论：中药复方及其拆方组合具有一定的镇痛及抗菌活性。     

蛋雏鸡大肠杆菌病的中草药防治研究试验

用自拟复方中草药对蛋雏鸡大肠杆菌病进行了人工感染治疗试验、中草药疗效试验和安全试验、临床治疗试验、临床预防试验,结果表明:该方药在治疗蛋雏鸡大肠杆菌病时采取中西医结合治疗效果最好;仅使用复方中草药治疗的效果不低于单独使用敏感的抗茵西药;使用复方中草药在临床上预防大肠杆茵病能获得较好效果;复方中草药无毒、无副作用、无残留,防治大肠杆菌病可用中草药代替抗茵西药,符合无公害产品生产要求.     

中草药方剂对肉仔鸡脂类代谢的影响

选取225只1日龄艾维茵肉鸡,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复15只鸡,研究中草药方剂对肉仔鸡脂类代谢的影响。基础日粮为玉米-豆粕型,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的中草药复方添加剂,进行为期6周的饲养试验。结果表明:日粮中添加该方剂显著影响了肉仔鸡血液中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG3)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的含量,且随着中草药添加水平的升高,TC、TG3、LDL-C含量有下降的趋势,而HDL-C则显著升高,并且能显著降低腹脂率、肝脂含量和肌肉中胆固醇含量。     

几种草药煎液对雏鸡生长发育的效果观察

本试验通过选用大青叶、马鞭草、扛板归、枸骨、牡荆等五种药用植物的全草各等量进行水煮,取其药液喂鸡与空白组进行对比试验,结果使用两个疗程后,饮药水的雏鸡育雏期成活率和出笼率高于不给草药组;给草药组的饲料药物成本比不给草药组的低.     

中药多糖的免疫调节作用及其在畜禽生产中的应用

中药多糖普遍存在着免疫调节作用,其作用是多途径、多环节、多靶点的,不仅对免疫器官发挥调节作用,而且还能激活T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞、自然杀伤细胞(NK)等免疫细胞,并能促进细胞因子生成,影响红细胞的免疫功能,调节神经-内分泌-免疫网络(NIM)平衡等,对免疫系统发挥多方面的调节作用。对近年来中药多糖的免疫调节作用的研究进展及其在畜禽生产中的应用作一概述。     

添加不同水平复合中草药对蛋鸡血清、组织以及鸡蛋抗氧化指标的影响

为研究不同水平复合中草药对蛋鸡血清、组织和鸡蛋抗氧化指标的影响,试验选用120日龄健康、体重相近的海兰褐蛋鸡300只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0.4%、0.3%、0.2%、0.1%的复合中草药。试验期40d。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,添加复合中草药制剂能够显著提高蛋鸡平均蛋重和产蛋率(P<0.05),添加0.1%、0.3%和0.4%复合中草药组平均蛋重分别提高6.4%、4.4%和6.0%(P<0.05);添加0.3%复合中草药组产蛋率显著提高22.2%(P<0.05);(2)添加0.3%和0.4%复合中草药组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分别提高5.5%和5.9%(P<0.05);(3)添加0.4%复合中草药组肝脏SOD含量和总抗氧化能力分别提高56.0%和37.0%(P<0.05);(4)添加0.2%、0.3%和0.4%复合中草药组鸡蛋SOD酶活性分别提高8.3%、18.0%和25.2%(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲粮中添加复合中草药能够改善蛋鸡生产性能和蛋鸡血清、组织和鸡蛋抗氧化能力,以添加0.4%的复合中草药制剂效果较好。     

复方中草药制剂对仔猪免疫机能和抗氧化能力的影响

在基础日粮中添加不同剂量的复方中草药制剂,研究其对仔猪免疫机能的影响。选取9窝(共90头)体重相近的杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪,随机分为3组,每组30头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+复方中草药制剂1%、基础日粮+复方中草药制剂2%。试验期45 d。每组随机选取10头仔猪,分别在14、24、32、45日龄进行前腔静脉采血,测定部分免疫指标。结果表明,日粮中添加复方中草药制剂,能显著提高仔猪白细胞吞噬率、T-淋巴细胞转化率、血清免疫球蛋白含量和抗氧化酶活性,提高仔猪免疫力,减轻仔猪断奶应激。     

中草药添加剂在畜禽生产中的应用

抗生素的使用和滥用造成了畜禽体内药物残留和耐药菌株产生.因此,开发抗生素的替代物具有重要意义.中草药具有提高生产性能以及增强机体免疫力等功能,在动物体内药物残留少,不会产生耐药菌株.文章综述了中草药饲料添加剂的活性成分及其在畜禽生产中的应用,旨在为中草药添加剂在畜禽饲料中的合理应用提供参考.     

In vitro effects of hydrochloric and lactic acids on bioelectric properties of equine gastric squamous mucosa

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Volatile fatty acids, byproducts of carbohydrate fermentation by resident bacteria, have been implicated in causing nonglandular (NG) gastric ulcers. Lactic acid (LA), also produced by stomach bacteria, may cause gastric ulcers when exposed to the equine NG mucosa. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the in vitro effects of LA on equine NG mucosa bioelectric properties, sodium transport and tissue resistance. METHODS: Gastric tissues obtained from 13 mature horses were studied in Ussing chambers. Short-circuit current (Isc) and potential difference (PD) were measured, and electrical resistance (R) and conductance (G) calculated for tissues after addition of HCl and LA (5, 10, 20 and 40 mmol/l) in normal Ringer's solution (NRS). RESULTS: Mucosa exposed to HCl or LA (5, 10 and 20 mmol/l) in NRS (pH 1.5 and to a lesser extent pH 4.0) had a significant decrease in Isc and PD. Mucosa exposed to a high concentration of LA (40 mmol/l) in NRS (LRS) at pH 1.5 showed an increased G, but this increase was not significant. Values returned to baseline after solutions were returned to pH 7.0. Histological changes were consistent with HCl-induced (pH <4.0) acid damage. CONCLUSIONS: HCl induced alteration in bioelectric properties of equine NG mucosa whereas addition of LRS did not, other than those changes seen with HCl alone.     

中国“中草药饲料”专利技术分析与研究

为了解中国"中草药饲料"专利的基本现状与发展趋势,促进中国"中草药饲料"专利水平的提高,从中国专利全文数据库选择自1993年至2011年间所申请的"中草药饲料"专利数据资料,按照专利申请和公开的时间、专利发明人、申请人、内容等项目进行统计与分析。结果表明,中国"中草药饲料"专利产出量低、以非职务发明为主,专利饲料加工粗放,中草药组方率8.9种/方,专利创新性不高。提出了加强"中草药饲料"药源植物资源的利用与保护、提高高校及科研单位"中草药饲料"知识产权的保护意识、提升"中草药饲料"专利的创造性等对策。     

中草药制剂对肉仔鸡肠道菌群的影响

选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡250只,随机分为5组,每组50只,即中药低剂量组、中药中剂量组、中药高剂量组、化学药物组和空白对照组,分别隔离饲养。在2周龄和4周龄时测定肠道中厌氧菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌数量。结果:2周龄时,中药高剂量组鸡肠道内每克内容物中大肠杆菌数为1.82×107个,厌氧菌数为4.43×108个;化学药物组大肠杆菌数为1.62×107个,厌氧菌数为2.17×108个;4周龄时中药高剂量组大肠杆菌菌数为1.57×107个,厌氧菌数为1.94×108个;化学药物组大肠杆菌数为3.51×107个,厌氧菌数为1.16×108个。结论:中草药替代化学药物预防肉仔鸡的肠道传染病是可行的。     

单味与复方中草药提取物抑制镰刀菌的比较研究

本试验以禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)和串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium verticillioides)为供试菌株,从26种中草药水提物中筛选出6种对两种镰刀菌有抑制效果的药物,通过不同的组方配伍,利用生长速率法检验不同组方对镰刀菌的抑制效果。试验显示:对串珠镰刀菌抑菌效果最强的为肉豆蔻-五味子两药配伍组,抑菌率为70.55%(P <0.05),比单药和三药配伍最优组分别高11%、17%。对禾谷镰刀菌抑菌作用最强的是肉豆蔻-诃子-石榴皮三药配伍组,抑菌率为77.91%(P <0.05),比两药配伍最优组高58%,较单药最优组提高90%;结果表明中草药提取物组方后可显著提高抑菌活性。