A 57‐bp deletion in the ovine KAP6‐1 gene affects wool fibre diameter

High glycine–tyrosine keratin‐associated proteins (HGT‐KAPs) are predominantly present in the orthocortex of wool fibres. They vary in abundance in different wools and have been implicated in regulating wool fibre properties, but little is known about the functional roles of these proteins in the fibre matrix. In this study, we used polymerase chain reaction – single‐strand conformational polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) analysis to screen for variation in a gene encoding the ovine HGT‐KAP6‐1 protein. We identified three gene variants (A, B and C). Variants A and B were similar to each other, with only three nucleotide differences occurring downstream of the coding sequence. However, variant C had a 57‐bp deletion that would notionally result in a loss of 19 amino acids in the protein. The presence of C was found to be associated with an increase in mean fibre diameter (MFD), fibre diameter standard deviation (FDSD), coefficient of variation of fibre diameter (CVFD) and prickle factor (percentage of fibres over 30 microns; PF). Sheep of genotype BC produced wool of greater MFD, FDSD and PF than sheep of genotypes AA, AB and BB. The CVFD was greater in the BC sheep than the AB sheep. The results suggest that variation in ovine KRTAP6‐1 affects wool fibre diameter‐associated traits and that the 57‐bp deletion in this gene would lead to coarser wool with greater FDSD, CVFD and PF.     

Cloning,Bioinformatics and Tissue Expression Analysis of IL-6 Gene in Banna Minipig Inbred Line

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important immune regulatory factor, and has great development prospects in the application of adjuvants.Using the Banna minipig inbred line (BMI) as the experimental animal, we successfully cloned the coding region of pig IL-6 gene through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, and had deposited the sequence into NCBI database and assigned to the accession No.JQ839263.Then we further studied this gene by bioinformatics analysis method.The results showed that BMI IL-6 encoded 212 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 23.88 ku, the isoelectric point (pI) was 6.66 and a signal peptide in N-terminal.It was a nuclear protein with 89% probability.In addition, BMI IL-6 contained one conserved structure domain and one transmembrance structure, and its N-terminal and C-terminal were both hydrophobic.Comparing the sequence of the coding region of BMI IL-6 gene with the download 4 IL-6 gene sequences of pig, the result showed BMI was identical with GenBank accession No.NM_214399 and DQ832259, only had one base pair difference with GenBank accession No.AF309651 and AF518322, respectively.Multi-species amino acid sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that BMI IL-6 showed the closest relationship with camel.Finally, we analyzed IL-6 gene mRNA expression in 12 important tissues of BMI through PCR method, the results showed that BMI IL-6 gene was highly expressed in lung, skin and muscle of BMI.These data laid a foundation for further insight into the expression and regulation of this gene of pig.     

版纳微型猪近交系白细胞介素6基因克隆、生物信息学及组织表达分析

白细胞介素6(IL-6)是机体重要的免疫调节因子,在佐剂的应用方面具有很好的发展前景。本研究以版纳微型猪近交系(BMI)为实验动物,通过PCR法获得IL-6基因编码区序列,提交GenBank数据库,登录号为JQ839263。对BMI IL-6基因和相应的蛋白序列进行了生物信息学分析,结果显示该基因编码212个氨基酸,分子质量为23.88 ku,等电点(pI)为6.66,存在一个保守结构域,一个跨膜结构,N端和C端均疏水,且在N端存在信号肽,有89%的可能性定位于细胞核。将BMI的IL-6基因编码区序列与NCBI下载到的4条猪IL-6基因序列进行比对,结果显示BMI IL-6与GenBank登录号为NM_214399和DQ832259的核苷酸序列完全相同,与GenBank登录号为AF309651和AF518322的核苷酸序列各存在1处碱基差异;多物种氨基酸序列比对及系统进化分析结果表明,BMI与骆驼亲缘关系最近。同时利用半定量PCR法确定了IL-6基因mRNA在BMI 12个组织中的表达量,结果发现在肺脏、皮肤、肌肉中表达量较高。本研究为进一步研究猪IL-6基因的表达调控奠定了理论基础。     

山羊ATF6基因重组慢病毒干扰载体的构建及鉴定

为了研究ATF6通路介导的山羊胎盘滋养层细胞(goat trophoblast cell,GTC)凋亡的作用机制,需要构建激活转录因子6(ATF6)基因慢病毒干扰载体用于试验。采用RNA干扰技术,设计合成以山羊ATF6基因CDS区为靶点的shRNA,构建重组慢病毒载体、慢病毒包装、慢病毒转染、RT-qPCR和Western blot等方法,筛选出干扰效率达60%的shRNA干扰片段,构建出可用于今后ATF6通路相关研究的重组慢病病毒干扰载体,为山羊妊娠相关研究提供材料。     

转猪轮状病毒VP6基因烟草植物的获得

根据GenBank中轮状病毒VP6序列设计1对引物，从pGEM—T—VP6质粒中扩增VP6PCR产物。将VP6克隆到PBI121质粒中，转化根癌农杆菌LBA4404，挑取阳性菌落的质粒进行酶切鉴定。用叶盘法转化烟草，获得再生苗，用RT—PCR、PCR和PCR—southern杂交方法进行鉴定，结果表明，VP6基因已成功地转入烟草中。     

EMX缓解6-MP对小鼠毒副作用的机理初探

5周龄的DDY系小鼠40只,分无处理的对照组、抗癌药物6-巯基嘌呤腹腔注射组（6-MP组）、6-MP＋500倍稀释的EMX饮水组（EMX饮水组）、6-MP＋EMX腹腔注射组（EMX注射组）4个组,每组10只。试验期间定期进行体重测定。8周后处死小鼠,测定胸腺脾脏系数、骨髓DNA含量、肝脏组织过氧化脂质含量。结果表明,6-MP能引起脱毛、体重增加率下降、脾脏系数下降、肝脏损伤等副作用,EMX能有效抑制抗癌药物副作用,增强机体自身免疫的能力。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒变异株ORF6基因的克隆与原核表达研究

根据GenBank中美洲型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的ORF6基因序列,设计合成一对特异性引物,应用RT-PCR方法扩增出PRRSV的ORF6基因(M基因)。将所扩增片段克隆入原核表达载体pET-32a(+),pET-ORF6重组质粒转化DH5a宿主菌后,经双酶切、PCR鉴定后挑选阳性克隆测序鉴定并对插入的ORF6基因序列进行分析。结果表明,ORF6基因的原核表达载体构建成功。ORF6基因推导的氨基酸与美洲型相应基因的同源性为96.0%～100%,与LV株的同源性为79.9%,系统进化树表明该PRRSV属于美洲型。将构建成功的重组质粒pET-ORF6转化BL21,诱导后经SDS-PAGE和Western-blot分析表明:克隆在HIS标签的膜基质蛋白基因与HIS获得了高效表达,表达的融合蛋白HIS-M分子量约为39kDa,并且有免疫学反应活性。     

鸡白细胞介素-6活性MTT检测方法的建立

采用白细胞介素-6依赖细胞株B9建立了鸡白细胞介素-6活性的MTT检测方法。每孔培养细胞数在2.5×103~4×104范围内D值与细胞数显示有良好的线性关系,MTT的最佳保留时间为4 h,最低检测限为0.1 U/mL。应用该方法检测了健康艾维茵肉鸡25例,血清chIL-6活性为(4.33±0.75)U/mL,而25例葡萄球菌病患鸡血清chIL-6的活性为(14.05±6.87)U/mL,与健康肉鸡比较差异极显著(P<0.01),为该方法进一步临床应用奠定了基础。     

4猪种Nramp1基因第6内含子多态性研究

天然抗性巨噬蛋白(Nramp)基因是与人、鼠的一些病原微生物的易感性和抗性有关的重要候选基因。为了研究猪Nramp1基因的多态性,利用PCR-RFLP技术检测了杜洛克、大白猪、长白猪和合作猪共270头个体Nramp1基因第6内含子NdeⅠ酶切位点多态性。结果表明,4个猪种群共检测到3种基因型(AA、AB和BB),其中AB基因型为杜洛克、大白猪和长白猪的优势基因型;AA基因型为合作猪的优势基因型。经卡方适合性检测,杜洛克、合作猪和长白猪处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05),大白猪处于Hardy-Weinberg不平衡状态。多态信息含量分析显示,Nramp1基因的第6内含子NdeⅠ酶切位点在各猪种表现出中度多态性。     

Molecular evolution of Toll-like receptors in rodents

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the key sensor molecules in vertebrates, trigger the innate immunity and prime the adaptive immune system. The TLR family of rodents, the largest order of mammals, typically contains 13 TLR genes. However, a clear picture of the evolution of the rodent TLR family has not yet emerged and the TLR evolutionary patterns are unclear in rodent clades. Here, we analyzed the natural variation and the evolutionary processes acting on the TLR family in rodents at both the interspecific and population levels. Our results showed that rodent TLRs were dominated by purifying selection, but a series of positively selected sites (PSSs) primarily located in the ligand-binding domain was also identified. The numbers of PSSs differed among TLRs, and nonviral-sensing TLRs had more PSSs than those in viral-sensing TLRs. Gene-conversion events were found between TLR1 and TLR6 in most rodent species. Population genetic analyses showed that TLR2, TLR8, and TLR12 were under positive selection in Rattus norvegicus and R. tanezumi, whereas positive selection also acted on TLR5 and TLR9 in the former species, as well as TLR1 and TLR7 in the latter species. Moreover, we found that the proportion of polymorphisms with potentially functional change was much lower in viral-sensing TLRs than in nonviral-sensing TLRs in both of these rat species. Our findings revealed the first thorough insight into the evolution of the rodent TLR genetic variability and provided important novel insights into the evolutionary history of TLRs over long and short timescales.     

H6N6亚型禽流感病毒N6基因的原核表达与多克隆抗体制备

为表达H6N6亚型禽流感病毒（avian influenza virus,AIV）神经氨酸酶（NA）蛋白,并制备多克隆抗体,本试验根据GenBank中AIV N6基因序列（登录号：MG434500）设计特异性引物,对贵州地区分离的H6N6亚型AIV贵州株进行N6基因PCR扩增,将其克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a （+）中,构建重组原核表达载体pET-32a-N6,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）感受态细胞,经IPTG诱导表达His-N6重组蛋白,将诱导产物超声破碎离心后,利用镍柱对重组蛋白进行纯化,并利用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting对表达蛋白进行双重鉴定,将纯化后的重组蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体,并通过间接ELISA检测其效价。结果显示,AIV贵州株N6基因编码区长1 380 bp,可编码459个氨基酸,其中175－207 bp缺失33个核苷酸;重组质粒pET-32a-N6经双酶切鉴定分别获得大小为5 900 bp左右的载体条带和1 380 bp左右的目的基因条带,成功构建了pET-32a-N6重组质粒;蛋白超声破碎后经SDS-PAGE发现,重组蛋白主要存在于沉淀中,以包涵体形式存在,蛋白分子质量约为70 ku,与预期结果一致;纯化后的重组蛋白经SDS-PAGE和Western blotting双重鉴定,均在70 ku处出现条带,说明纯化的蛋白为重组蛋白pET-32a-N6,表达产物具有免疫学活性,包涵体经变性、复性处理,重组表达蛋白分别被His抗体和兔源抗N6多克隆抗体所识别。间接ELISA检测其效价高于1∶3 200。以上结果表明,试验成功克隆、表达了H6N6亚型AIV的N6基因,所制备的N6蛋白多克隆抗体具有良好的免疫活性,能被His抗体和兔源抗N6多克隆抗体所识别。     

4个山羊品种BMP6基因部分片段的多态性分析

根据GenBank发表的绵羊骨形态发生蛋白6（bone morphogenetic protein 6,BMP6）基因部分序列所包含的外显子5、6、7和小鼠BMP6基因外显子5、6、7序列设计3对引物,采用PCR SSCP技术检测BMP6基因外显子5、6和7在济宁青山羊、安哥拉山羊、波尔山羊、内蒙古绒山羊4个山羊品种250个个体中的单核苷酸多态性。结果发现这3对引物的扩增片段在检测的4个品种中均无多态性,说明所检测的BMP6基因外显子5、6、7序列比较保守。     

云南蓝舌病病毒1型毒株M6基因序列分析

为了解云南蓝舌病病毒(Bluetongue virus,BTV) 1型M6基因流行株的遗传变异及其与国内外流行病毒的遗传进化关系,试验从细胞培养物中分别提取4株云南分离株BTV-1 (Y863、SZ120169、6-12和7-12) RNA,用M6基因特异引物进行RT-PCR扩增和测序,采用生物信息学软件对获得的M6基因编码区序列进行核苷酸、氨基酸同源性比对及遗传进化分析.结果表明,分别获得4株云南分离株BTV-1 M6基因1 763 bp序列;4株云南分离株BTV-1核苷酸同源性在95.2%~99.9%之间,氨基酸同源性在97.6%~99.8%之间,1979年师宗分离的Y863病毒毒株与2012年师宗(SZ120169)、2013年江城(6-12、7-12)分离的3株病毒毒株核苷酸同源性分别为95.5%、95.2%和95.2%,氨基酸同源性分别为97.6%、98.4%和98.2%,而近两年(2012、2013)分离病毒核苷酸和氨基酸同源性较高,分别在96.9%~99.9%和99.1%~99.8%之间;遗传进化分析发现,4株云南分离株BTV-1为Eastern基因群病毒,它们之间核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为95.2%~99.9%和97.6%~99.8%;进一步分析发现4株云南分离株BTV-1与希腊及澳大利亚 BTV-1型毒株亲缘关系较近,核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为90.4%~95.6%和95.1%~99.1%,而与地中海国家(意大利、法国、阿尔及利亚、摩洛哥和突尼斯)和南非毒株关系较远,核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别在83.8%和95.7%以下.4株云南分离株BTV-1属于Eastern基因群病毒,云南分离株BTV-1 M6基因在自然进化中发生遗传变异缓慢,该基因可以用来进行BTV-1基因群分布及毒株的地理区域来源相关的研究.     

Sequence Analysis of Bluetongue Virus 1 M6 Gene in Yunnan Province

The object of this study was to investigate the evolution and variation of NS1 encoding gene (M6) of Bluetongue virus 1 (BTV-1) from Yunnan province and the evolutionary relationship of strains which from Yunnan province and other countries.RNA were extracted from four strains (Y863,SZ120169,6-12 and 7-12),and M6 gene were amplified by using specific primer and sequenced,which were analyzed by using bioinformatics software for nucleotides homology and phylogenetic relationships.The results showed that four strains M6 gene were 1 763 bp;The homology of nucleotides among four strains M6 gene were 95.2% to 99.9%,the amino acids among four strains M6 gene were 97.6% to 99.8%,the homology of nucleotides between Y863 (1979) and 3 strains (SZ120169,6-12 and 7-12) were 95.5%,95.2% and 95.2%,the amino acids between Y863 (1979) and 3 strains were 97.6%,98.4% and 98.2%,the homology of nucleotides and amino acids were high (96.9% to 99.9% and 99.1% to 99.8%,respectively) among four Yunnan strains.BTV was divided into two clusters (Western and Eastern) and four strains (BTV-1) from Yunan province belong to Eastern cluster.The homology of nucleotides and amino acids among four Yunnan strains was 95.2% to 99.9% and 97.6% to 99.8% respectively;The genetic distance were close among four Yunnan strains and strains from Greece and Australia,the homology of nucleotides and amino acids between them were 90.4% to 95.6% and 95.1% to 99.1%;The genetic distance were distinct among four Yunnan strains and strains from Mediterranean countries (Italy,Fance,Algeria,Morocco and Tunisia) and South Africa;The homology of nucleotides and amino acids between them were below 83.8% and 95.7%,so we found that gene clusters distribution was related to the geographical distribution for BTV.In a conclusion,four Yunnan strains belong to Eastern cluster and the speed of genetic variation of M6 from Yunnan province was slow,so M6 gene could be used in study of gene group of distribution and origin of geographical area.     

猪轮状病毒GD株VP6基因的克隆及序列分析

参考GenBank中发表的PRV OSU毒株VP6基因核苷酸序列ORF两端保守区序列,设计1对特异引物,以PRV GD株反转录cDNA为模板,通过PCR方法扩增出长约1.4 kb的基因片段,并克隆到pMD18-T载体中进行序列测定。测序结果表明:VP6基因全长1320 bp,含有一个1194bp的开放阅读框,编码397个氨基酸。与国内外已知的11个毒株VP6基因的核苷酸及其推导的氨基酸序列比较,同源性分别为76.5%-95.6%和88.7%-99.2%;核苷酸系统发育进化树结果表明,GD毒株与轮状病毒JL94,CN86,OSU毒株亲缘关系较近,为一个进化群。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒BJ-4ORF6基因的克隆与序列分析

将猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）病毒BJ－4株在HS．2H细胞上增殖，经超速离心浓缩病毒。用TRIXOL LS试剂提取病毒基因组RNA后，用RT－PCR方法特异性扩增PRRS病毒BJ－4的ORF6基因片段；经Sma Ⅰ酶切鉴定正确后，将PCR产物克隆到pGEM-Teasy载体上，经Amp/IPTG/X-Gal平板筛选、酶切鉴定和质粒PCR鉴定，初步获得含ORF6基因的阳性重组质粒pGEM-T-ORF6。对重组质粒进行序列测定，并同美洲代表株VR2332和欧洲代表株LV进行比较，结果表明，BJ－4 ORF6与VR2332的ORF6差异较小，核苷酸和氨基酸同源性均为99．43％；而与LV株的差异性较大，核苷酸同源性为70．6％，氨基酸同源性77．4％。     

紫花苜蓿QTL与全基因组选择研究进展及其应用

四倍体紫花苜蓿是重要的豆科牧草之一,由于其复杂的遗传背景与二倍体作物相比遗传作图与重要性状数量性状位点(quantitative trait locus,QTL)定位研究相对滞后。然而,二倍体苜蓿的相关研究起步较早,已经建立了高密度遗传图谱和物理图谱,这些研究为四倍体苜蓿遗传作图与QTL定位奠定了基础。随着第三代分子标记与测序技术的快速发展,极大地促进了四倍体苜蓿的高密度遗传图谱构建与QTL定位研究,并借助分子标记辅助育种技术对提高苜蓿选育效率,加速育种进程具有重要意义。本文对苜蓿遗传图谱构建与QTL定位研究及发展趋势进行了总结,并对苜蓿关联作图与全基因组选择的研究进展及应用前景加以概述,旨在为读者就相关研究领域有较全面的了解。     

牦牛Myf6基因克隆及生物信息学分析

本试验旨在克隆牦牛Myf6基因,进行生物信息学分析并探究其在牦牛不同时期的表达情况。以青海雪多牦牛为研究对象,通过设计引物对其Myf6基因CDS区进行克隆测序,运用生物信息学软件对其功能结构进行预测研究。结果显示,牦牛Myf6基因含有一个大小为729 bp的开放阅读框（ORF）,编码242个氨基酸。同源性比对和进化树分析结果表明,牦牛Myf6氨基酸序列与普通牛、绵羊亲缘性最近。对Myf6蛋白理化性质进行预测分析得到其结构式为C₁₁₆₇H₁₈₇₀N₃₃₆O₃₇₂S₁₃,理论等电点为5.64,其中丝氨酸含量最高,其次是亮氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸和精氨酸;其疏水平均值为-0.586,亲水性最强为-2.467,疏水性最强为1.511,为亲水性、可溶性蛋白;有可形成卷曲螺旋部位;磷酸化位点预测其有26个丝氨酸激酶,10个苏氨酸激酶,5个酪氨酸激酶;亚细胞定位分析其编码产物在细胞核中分布最多（73.9%）,其次为细胞骨架（13.0%）、细胞质（4.3%）、高尔基体（4.3%）、分泌系统小泡（4.3%）。蛋白质二级结构主要由无规则卷曲（49.17%）组成,其次是α-螺旋（33.47%）、延伸连（11.57%）及β-折叠（5.79%）。蛋白功能分析显示其生长因子功能几率较大（7.694）,其次为转录调节作用,预测其作为一种生长因子参与机体生物学调控。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,Myf6基因在胎牛、6月龄、4~5岁牦牛背最长肌中均有表达,且在6月龄的表达量显著高于胎牛和4~5岁牦牛（P<0.05）。上述结果为研究牦牛Myf6生肌因子提供了重要的研究数据,为改良牦牛经济性状提供了参考。     

牛源IL-6基因克隆与生物信息学分析

试验旨在克隆牛白细胞介素-6（IL-6）基因,并对其编码蛋白进行生物信息学分析,对荷斯坦奶牛进行尾根采血提取RNA后逆转录为cDNA,根据NCBI数据库中已知的牛IL-6基因mRNA序列设计特异性引物,应用RT-PCR技术克隆得到CDS区全长序列,利用生物信息学软件分析牛IL-6基因序列特征、同源性及编码产物的理化性质等。结果表明,试验成功克隆了牛IL-6基因CDS区,全长627 bp,分子质量为23.759 ku,共编码208个氨基酸,理论等电点为7.58,脂溶系数为93.37,属于亲水性蛋白;牛IL-6基因与猪、绵羊、大鼠、人、猫、犬、鸡、小鼠、马和兔的同源性分别为84.4%、96.2%、66.7%、77.5%、75.9%、79.3%、48.5%、67.0%、79.5%和67.5%;系统进化树分析发现,牛与绵羊亲缘关系最近,猪次之,鸡最远;在二级结构预测中,该蛋白无规则卷曲与α-螺旋分别为34.6%和60.1%;亚细胞定位于细胞质;该蛋白含有信号肽和跨膜螺旋结构。本研究为进一步分析牛IL-6基因的功能奠定了一定的理论基础。     

马铃薯WRKY6基因的克隆、序列分析与原核表达研究

在高等植物中WRKY转录因子家族成员众多,它广泛参与植物对生物胁迫、非生物胁迫、生长发育和代谢过程的调控。本研究采用同源序列克隆的方法获得马铃薯WRKY6基因,序列分析表明该蛋白属于WRKY家族第3组成员,锌指结构为C-X₇-C-X₂₃-H-X-C。构建系统发育树结果表明它与拟南芥WRKY70亲缘关系较近,相似性达58%。然后将其完整编码区构建到大肠杆菌表达载体。在培养温度18℃条件下添加0.2 mmol/L IPTG(异丙基硫代半乳糖苷),诱导培养8 h可获得高表达融合蛋白。进一步实验获得特异性和纯度非常高的纯化蛋白。本研究为进一步确定该蛋白的体外活性及生物学功能奠定了坚实基础。