土壤酶活性对土壤中土霉素的动态响应

采用室内培养试验研究了土霉素（OTC）对土壤过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和脱氢酶活性的影响。结果表明,在整个培养期间,土霉素对土壤过氧化氢酶和土壤磷酸酶活性具有明显的抑制作用;对土壤蔗糖酶和脱氢酶活性在培养前期具有轻微的抑制作用,但培养后期（培养第112 d）具有较强的抑制作用;而对土壤脲酶活性的影响则相反,在培养第1 d,OTC 100 mg/kg处理对脲酶具有显著的刺激作用,以后土霉素对脲酶活性影响不明显。土壤过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶对土霉素污染响应比土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和脱氢酶更敏感,因而可以表征土壤受土霉素的污染程度。     

Biochar effects on soil chemical properties and mobilization of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in paddy soil

This study focused on the effects of biochar (BC) application on soil chemical properties and mobilization of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in the paddy soil. BC was applied at the rate of 0, 10, 20 and 40 t ha⁻¹, respectively. BC application caused a significant increase in soil organic carbon contents (SOC), pH, nitrate–nitrogen (-N),and available phosphorus contents (AP) in the top and subsurface soil, while SOC contents in the subsurface soil decreased with increasing rate of BC. BC40 effectively reduced the mobility of Cd and Pb from the top layer to the subsurface soil, while concentrations of Cd and Pb in the topsoil remained unchanged. Path analysis showed that the direct path coefficient AP was highest; SOC, -N and AP had a negative direct effect on the Cd and Pb in subsurface soil. Soil pH and -N had a high negative indirect effect through AP. The decision coefficient decreased in the following order: pH, AP, SOC, -N and -N. Regression analysis showed that soil Cd and Pb had a significant linear correlation with soil AP, whereas soil Pb also had a significant linear correlation with soil pH. In conclusion, BC40 can alter soil chemical properties and reduce the mobility of Cd and Pb from the top layer to the lower subsurface of the paddy soil.     

Biochar application to soil for climate change mitigation by soil organic carbon sequestration

Pyrogenic carbon (C) is produced by incomplete combustion of fuels including organic matter (OM). Certain ranges in the combustion continuum are termed ‘black carbon' (BC). Because of its assumed persistence, surface soils in large parts of the world contain BC with up to 80% of surface soil organic C (SOC) stocks and up to 32% of subsoil SOC in agricultural soils consisting of BC. High SOC stocks and high levels of soil fertility in some ancient soils containing charcoal (e.g., terra preta de Índio) have recently been used as strategies for soil applications of biochar, an engineered BC material similar to charcoal but with the purposeful use as a soil conditioner (1) to mitigate increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) by SOC sequestration and (2) to enhance soil fertility. However, effects of biochar on soils and crop productivity cannot be generalized as they are biochar‐, plant‐ and site‐specific. For example, the largest potential increases in crop yields were reported in areas with highly weathered soils, such as those characterizing much of the humid tropics. Soils of high inherent fertility, characterizing much of the world's important agricultural areas, appear to be less likely to benefit from biochar. It has been hypothesized that both liming and aggregating/moistening effects of biochar improved crop productivity. Meta‐analyses of biochar effects on SOC sequestration have not yet been reported. To effectively mitigate climate change by SOC sequestration, a net removal of C and storage in soil relative to atmospheric CO₂ must occur and persist for several hundred years to a few millennia. At deeper soil depths, SOC is characterized by long turnover times, enhanced stabilization, and less vulnerability to loss by decomposition and erosion. In fact, some studies have reported preferential long‐term accumulation of BC at deeper depths. Thus, it is hypothesized that surface applied biochar‐C (1) must be translocated to subsoil layers and (2) result in deepening of SOC distribution for a notable contribution to climate change mitigation. Detailed studies are needed to understand how surface‐applied biochar can move to deeper soil depths, and how its application affects organic C input to deeper soil depths. Based on this knowledge, biochar systems for climate change mitigation through SOC sequestration can be designed. It is critically important to identify mechanisms underlying the sometimes observed negative effects of biochar application on biomass, yield and SOC as biochar may persist in soils for long periods of time as well as the impacts on downstream environments and the net climate impact when biochar particles become airborne.     

Pipeline right‐of‐way construction activities impact on deep soil compaction

A 762‐mm‐diameter pipe 1,886 km long was installed to transfer crude oil in the USA from North Dakota to Illinois. To investigate the impact of construction and restoration practices on long‐term soil productivity and crop yield, vertical soil stresses induced by a Caterpillar (CAT) pipe liner PL 87 (475 kN vehicle load) and semi‐trailer truck (8.9 kN axle load) were studied in a farm field. Soil properties (bulk density and cone penetration resistance) were measured on field zones within the right‐of‐way (ROW) classified according to construction machine trafficking and subsoil tillage (300‐mm‐depth tillage and 450‐mm‐depth tillage in two repeated passes) treatments. At 200 mm depth from the subsoiled surface, the magnitude of peak vertical soil stress from trafficking by the semi‐truck trailer and CAT pipe liner PL 87 was 133 kPa. The peak vertical soil stress at 400 mm soil depth appeared to be influenced by vehicle weight, where the Caterpillar pipe liner PL 87 created soil compaction a magnitude of 1.5 greater than from the semi‐trailer truck. Results from the soil bulk density and soil cone penetration resistance measurements also showed the ROW zones had significantly higher soil compaction than adjacent unaffected corn planted fields. Tillage to 450 mm depth alleviated the deep soil compaction better than the 300‐mm‐depth tillage as measured by soil cone penetration resistance within the ROW zones and the unaffected zone. These results could be incorporated into agricultural mitigation plans in ROW construction utilities to minimize soil and crop damage.     

秸秆生物炭对黏壤土入渗规律的影响

为提高干旱半干旱区耕作土壤灌溉水的利用效率,采用秸秆生物碳对黏壤土进行改良,并用3种经典入渗模型进行入渗模拟,寻求适于描述研究区土壤入渗规律的模型及改良方案。采用双环入渗试验测定4种生物炭施用水平（10 t/hm²,20 t/hm²,30 t/hm²,50 t/hm²）的田间作物生育期内土壤含水率、入渗速率及累积入渗量,分别采用Green-Ampt模型、Philip模型和Kostiakov经验公式对试验组与对照组（CK）的入渗过程进行模拟。结果表明:施用量为30 t/hm²较CK效果最为明显,施用层（0—40 cm）入渗速率增加44.6%,耕作层土壤含水率增加8.9%,累积入渗量增加45.45%。比较3种模型的入渗过程拟合结果,认为Kostiakov经验公式拟合的效果符合实测规律,可为研究区改良土壤水分入渗过程提供理论依据。     

生物质炭对旱作农田土壤持水特性的影响

为确定添加生物质炭对旱作农田土壤持水特性的影响,在隆中黄土高原典型旱作农田区设置相关定位试验,对不同生物质炭输入水平的土壤容重、土壤孔隙度、土壤水分常数及土壤水分特征曲线进行测定。结果表明,生物质炭的添加能够减小土壤容重,增加土壤孔隙度。随着生物质炭输入水平的增加,土壤容重的减小及土壤孔隙度的增加幅度加大。生物质炭达到50t/hm~2时土壤结构变化最为明显,0—5,5—10,10—30cm土层中土壤容重相比对照分别减小7.01%,9.91%,16.60%,土壤毛管孔隙度分别增加19.47%,21.02%,29.94%;并且生物质炭的施入可以增加土壤饱和含水量、土壤田间持水量、土壤有效水分含量。随着生物质炭输入水平的不断加大,各水分常数呈现出上升趋势,但当生物质炭输入水平达到40t/hm~2后涨幅空间开始减小。说明生物质炭的添加能够提高旱作农田的持水性能,但输入水平达到40t/hm~2后,土壤持水性能趋于稳定。     

Biochar reduces uptake and accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in winter wheat on a PAH-contaminated soil

For years, biochar has been successfully used for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in contaminated soils, not only for improving their removal from soil but also for reducing their uptake by crops. However, the underlying mechanism of biochar application reducing PAH uptake and accumulation in winter wheat remains unclear. Pot trials were conducted on a PAH-contaminated soil amended with bamboo biochar, coconut shell biochar,and maize straw biochar(MSB) for an entire gro...     

Arginine ammonification and L‐glutaminase assays as rapid indices of corn nitrogen availability

Increasing use of N fertilizer for crop production necessitates more rapid estimates on N provided by the soil in order to prevent under‐ or overfertilization and their adverse effect on plant nutrition and environmental quality. A study was conducted to investigate the responses of arginine ammonification (AA), L‐glutaminase activity (LG), soil N–mineralization indices, corn (Zea mays L.) crop–yield estimation, and corn N uptake to application of organic amendments. The relationships between corn N uptake and the microbial and enzymatic processes which are basically related to N mineralization in soil were also studied. The soil samples were collected from 0–15 cm depth of a calcareous soil that was annually treated with 0, 25, or 100 Mg ha^–1 (dry‐weight basis) of sewage sludge and cow manure for 7 consecutive years. Soil total N (TN), potentially mineralizable N (N₀), and initial potential rates of N mineralization (kN₀) were significantly greater in sewage sludge–treated than in cow manure–treated soils. However, the amendment type did not influence soil organic C (SOC), AA, LG, and anaerobic index of N mineralization (N_ana). The application rates proportionally increased N‐availability indices in soil. Corn N concentration and uptake were correlated with indices of mineralizable N. A multiple stepwise model using AA and N_ana as parameters provided the best predictor of corn N concentration (R = 0.86, p < 0.001). Another model using only LG provided the best predictor of corn N uptake (R = 0.78, p < 0.001). This results showed that sewage‐sludge and cow‐manure application is readily reflected in certain soil biological properties and that the biological tests may be useful in predicting N mineralization and availability in soil.     

Biochar has little effect on soil dissolved organic carbon pool 5 years after biochar application under field condition

Biochar application can improve soil properties, such as increasing soil organic carbon content, soil pH and water content. These properties are important to soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC); however, the effects of biochar on DOC concentration and composition have received little research attention, especially several years after biochar application under field conditions. This study was conducted in a long‐term experimental field where the biochar was only applied once in 2009. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of different biochar application rates (0, 30, 60 and 90 t ha^?1) on the dynamics of soil water content, DOC concentration and DOC compositions (reducing sugar, soluble phenol and aromatics) over nine samplings during a 12‐month period in 2014. Our results showed that soil water content and DOC concentration varied from 7.1% to 14.5% and 59 to 230 mg C kg^?1 soil during the 12 months, respectively. However, the biochar application rates did not significantly (p > 0.05) affect soil water content, DOC concentration and DOC composition at the same sampling period. The DOC concentration across the biochar treatments was positively correlated to soil water content. Moreover, the DOC composition (reducing sugar, soluble phenol or aromatics) and their concentrations were positively correlated to the total DOC concentration. In addition, biochar did not affect soil bulk density, pH, saturated hydraulic conductivity and crop yields. The results indicated that some benefits of biochar to soil may not persist 5 years after the application of biochar under a field condition.     

Biochar derived from dairy cattle carcasses as an alternative source of phosphorus and amendment for soil acidity

Two pot experiments were conducted to evaluate biochar derived from dead dairy cattle as a mineral fertilizer, especially phosphorus (P) fertilizer, and to clarify the effect of particle size of biochar on plant growth (Zea mays L.) and P uptake. To produce the biochar, body parts of dead cattle were placed in a charring chamber and allowed to char at 450°C for 4 h. The biochar was of high pH and rich in major plant nutrients, especially P. Application of fine biochar (< 1 mm) increased P uptake by the corn plants grown in soil of low available P status. As a result, plant growth was improved following biochar application and dry matter production was also increased. The effect of the biochar application on the P uptake and plant growth was promoted by the application of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer. Soil analysis after harvest indicated that the biochar application increased soil pH, available P and exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) compared with the soil before seeding, while soil available N and exchangeable potassium (K) were considerably decreased. The decrease in the soil available N was incomprehensible, because the result of the mass balance given by the difference between input as the applied N from the biochar and fertilizer N and output as the N uptake by the plants was positive. We observed a similar result in the mass balance of K to the case of N. The medium (2–4 mm) and coarse (> 4 mm) grade biochar did not significantly affect plant growth, because P uptake was not, or was only slightly, increased by the application of these biochars. Dissolution of P from the coarser biochars was probably slower than that of the fine biochar. The lower dissolution of P from the medium and coarse biochars was supported by the lower P absorption efficiency of these biochars compared with that of the fine biochar and superphosphate. The effect of fine biochar on plant growth and P uptake was similar to that of superphosphate. We can therefore conclude that fine biochar derived from cattle carcasses is an effective source of P fertilizer and amendment for soil acidity. The N and K contents in the biochar, although relatively high, cannot be relied upon as a mineral fertilizer. Further studies are needed to assess whether the N and K contents of the biochar indicate it can be regarded as a useful fertilizer.     

水洗生物炭对2种类型土壤钾素淋失的影响

为了探究生物炭对潮土和砂土钾素淋失的调控效应,通过土柱淋溶模拟试验,以水洗生物炭为研究对象,比较生物炭水洗前后不同形态钾含量、表面形貌和含氧官能团变化,进而探究不同用量水洗生物炭对2种类型土壤钾素淋失的阻控效应.结果表明:水洗处理可使生物炭水溶性钾含量由13.9 g/kg降至0.06 g/kg,而对生物炭孔隙结构和表面...     

生物炭对干旱区绿洲农田土壤呼吸的影响

为探究不同粒径秸秆生物炭添加对绿洲农田土壤CO2排放及Q10的影响,以新疆典型绿洲农田土壤灰漠土为供试材料,采用室内土柱培养的方法,研究添加＞5、1～5、0.25～1和＜0.25mm共4种粒径棉花秸秆生物炭和葡萄藤生物炭对农田土壤CO2释放的影响。结果表明：（1）试验周期内（0～85d）,添加生物炭处理土壤呼吸速率呈先增加后降低的趋势,前10d土壤呼吸增速较高;添加生物炭的土壤呼吸速率（1.27μmol·m-2·s-1）高于不添加生物炭的对照处理（1.01μmol·m-2·s-1）,棉花秸秆生物炭处理土壤呼吸速率（1.43μmol·m-2·s-1）高于添加葡萄藤生物炭处理（1.08μmol·m-2·s-1）。培养期内土壤CO2累积过程符合一级反应动力学方程,生物炭添加改变了土壤CO2潜在排放量、周转速率和半周转期。（2）添加棉花秸秆和葡萄藤两种生物炭处理与土壤CO2累积排放量（y）分别符合y=7.51x+88.53和y=2.68x+75.85的线性关系（x为生物炭粒径）。（3）添加生物炭处理土壤呼吸速率与空气温度和土壤温度显著相关,棉花秸秆生物炭处理土壤呼吸速率与温度的相关性高于葡萄藤生物炭处理,土壤温度敏感系数随粒径的减小而增加。综合土壤呼吸速率和温度敏感系数考虑,建议绿洲农田施用1～5mm中等粒径生物炭。     

聚丙烯酰胺改性生物质炭对盐碱化土壤盐分洗脱的影响

为了提升生物质炭对滨海盐碱土壤盐分的洗脱效率,以海兴县盐碱土为研究对象,利用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、小麦秸秆生物质炭(BC)、黏土矿物(M)等材料制备聚丙烯酰胺改性生物质炭(PAM-BC),通过室内模拟淋溶试验研究对比不同环境材料对盐碱土盐分的洗脱效果。结果表明,相比于CK处理,PAM、BC和PAM-BC、CaSO₄(CS)处理均显著增加土壤盐分洗脱量,其中PAM-BC处理下增幅最高,达到12.3%。进一步对淋洗液中主要盐分离子分析,添加PAM-BC显著促进土壤Na⁺和Cl^-的洗脱,增幅分别为11.0%～27.3%和17.8%～42.3%。主成分分析表明,PAM-BC增强对主要盐分离子的洗脱效果。土柱淋溶结束后,PAM-BC添加处理土壤全盐量比其他处理显著降低6.0%～16.7%。此外,土壤水分特征曲线表明,添加PAM-BC提升盐碱土壤的保水性。研究结果可为聚丙烯酰胺改性生物质炭应用于滨海盐渍化土壤的降盐改土提供理论依据。     

生物质炭施用量对旱地酸性红壤理化性质的影响

我国南方旱地酸性红壤区,土壤酸化与干旱等问题突出。近几年生物质炭在土壤改良方面的研究应用已有较多的文献报道,但针对南方旱地酸性红壤区土壤改良方面的研究与应用相对较少。对此,本研究设置了生物质炭施加量分别为1%、2%、3%、4%及对照CK共5个处理,每个处理5次重复的室内盆栽试验;每盆一次性均匀浇洒1 L蒸馏水后在温室内自然放置,模拟干旱30 d,随后测定土壤含水量、p H、电导率与氮、磷含量。结果表明:土壤pH、电导率、有效磷含量随生物质炭施加量的增加而显著提高,NH₄⁺-N含量降低,而NO₃^–-N含量无显著影响;模拟干旱后的土壤含水量与生物质炭施加量呈二次函数曲线关系,施加低量生物质炭(1%)显著降低了土壤含水量,而高量生物质炭(4%)的施加则使土壤含水量显著提高。本研究为生物质炭在我国南方旱地酸性红壤区土壤改良方面的应用提供了试验依据。     

生物质炭对砖红壤性质与养分及硝化作用的影响

土壤性质制约着作为氮转化重要环节的硝化作用,生物质炭显著影响与硝化作用密切相关的土壤性质,可能对硝化作用产生影响。本文利用培养试验研究生物质炭对砖红壤性质及硝化作用的影响。试验设生物质炭+淹水、生物质炭+75%田间持水量、空白+淹水及空白+75%田间持水量4个处理。研究表明,生物质炭能显著提高土壤pH值和有机碳含量以及N、P、K养分元素的有效性。水分条件差异影响生物质炭的作用效果,淹水更利于提高砖红壤的pH值,但显著降低了磷的有效性。添加生物质炭后,土壤硝化作用进程加速,硝化彻底。在利用生物质炭改良砖红壤时,应根据土壤改良目的调整土壤水分,以防硝态氮淋失风险和氨挥发的可能。     

生物质炭及其与土壤腐殖质碳的关系

土壤中生物质炭(Biochar C,BcC)与腐殖质碳(Humus C,HC)之间是否存在发生学联系或转化关系是近年来土壤学和地球化学领域关注的热点和亟待解决的科学问题。BcC是以生物中的活性有机质为原料,在低氧或无氧环境下经高温形成的含碳物质;而腐殖质是死亡的动植物在土壤中经微生物作用而形成的含碳的多聚体化合物。本文回顾了近20年来,特别是近10年来国内外学者对于BcC与HC之间关系的研究进展。已有的研究表明,BcC可经微生物作用而转化为HC,但二者间转化的途径以及二者间物理、化学以及生物学特性比较的研究仍存在不足。本文比较了化学氧化法、分子标志物法、氢热解法、热化学氧化法、紫外光氧化法、核磁共振法在BcC定量分析中的优劣;详细介绍了扫描电镜、元素组成分析、红外光谱、X电光子谱能、热重分析、热解-气质-质谱和核磁共振法在BcC结构表征中的应用。系统论述了对BcC和HC进行结构比较和转化关系探究的可行性。     

生物炭对黄土高原不同质地土壤中NO3-N运移特征的影响

为了解生物炭在抑制黄土高原农田土壤可溶态养分淋失方面的功效,通过人工模拟实验,研究土壤中添加生物炭后对硝态氮运移的影响,为黄土高原地区农田非点源污染防治及氮循环研究等提供科学依据。选择黄土高原地区三种不同质地土壤类型（风砂土、黄绵土、塿土）,通过室内土柱模拟研究方法,用连续流动分析仪（SKALAR-SAN⁺⁺）测定出流液的硝态氮浓度,通过硝态氮的穿透曲线分析在稳态条件下,生物炭添加及不同添加量对土壤中硝态氮运移的影响。结果表明:对于质地较粗黄绵土和风沙土,生物炭输入能够降低硝态氮的淋失,随添加量增加,其阻滞作用越强。对于质地较为粘细的土,添加生物炭反而促进了硝态氮淋失,随添加量增加,其促进作用越强。稳态条件下,三种土壤的硝态氮穿透过程均符合对流弥散方程。研究表明加入生物炭对不同质地土壤中可溶态养分的影响不同,可以促进质地较粗土壤的保肥能力,却不利于质地较为粘细土壤硝态氮养分的保持。     

The application of biochar on soil acidity and other physico‐chemical properties of soils in southern Ethiopia

The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of biochar amendment on soil acidity and other physico‐chemical properties of soil in Southern Ethiopia using a field experiment of three treatments: (1) biochar made of corn cobs, (2) biochar made of chopped Lantana camara stem, and (3) biochar made of Eucalyptus globulus feedstock and a control, in which neither of the biochar was used. Each treatment had three levels of 6, 12 and 18 t ha⁻¹. The experiment was setup with RCBD in a factorial arrangement with three replications. In this regard, a total of 36 plots (each 2 × 2 m size) were applied with three replications to the depth of 0–15cm. From these 36 plots, composite soil samples were collected to the depth of 0–30 cm and analyzed for bulk density, total porosity, pH, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, potassium, and exchangeable acidity using standard procedures before and after biochar application. Two‐way ANOVA was also used to analyze the impact of the biochars on soil acidity and other properties. For the treatments that had significant effects, a mean separation was made using Least Significance Difference (LSD) test. The results showed the application of biochar significantly reduced, soil bulk density and exchangeable acidity when compared with a control (p < 0.05). Moreover, the total soil porosity, soil pH, total nitrogen, soil organic carbon, available phosphorus, and potassium were significantly increased in the soil. From among applied biochar treatments, Lantana camara applied at the level of 18 t ha⁻¹ had a higher impact in changing soil physico‐chemical properties. In general, the study suggests that the soil acidity can be reduced by applying biochar as it can amend other soil physico‐chemical properties.     

生物质炭对旱作土壤生物性状及养分有效性的调控效应

通过盆栽试验研究了生物质炭施用对贵州中部地区旱作土壤微生物群落数量、酶活性和土壤养分有效性的影响。结果表明:对不同类型旱作土施用5%～15%(炭/土质量比)的生物质炭后,黄泥土、黄砂土中真菌、放线菌、细菌数量和硝化细菌、氨化细菌数量以及磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性均表现出明显的增加,特别是黄砂土;而大泥土中放线菌、真菌数量和硝化细菌数量以及磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性出现较明显的提高,但氨化细菌数量及脲酶活性出现大幅度降低。此外,黄泥土、黄砂土施生物质炭后有效N、P、K、Ca、Mg、B含量表现出不同程度的增加,但土壤有效Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn含量则出现不同程度的下降;而大泥土中有效P、K、Fe、Mn、Cu、B的含量呈现不同程度的提高,但土壤有效N、Ca、Mg、Zn的含量出现不同程度的减少;其中这3类旱作土壤施炭后土壤有效Zn含量均表现出显著的下降。黄泥土、黄砂土及大泥土施用5%～15%的生物质炭后均能明显提高白菜及莴笋的产量,其中黄砂土施生物质炭的增产效果最好,其次是大泥土。不同类型旱作土壤施炭后土壤有效性养分数量变化存在较大的差别,施用生物质炭时要根据土壤特性配合使用一定比例的氮、磷、钾及适量的微量元素肥料,更有利于促进作物的生长。     

生物炭添加对黄土高原典型土壤田间持水量的影响

为确定生物炭添加对黄土高原典型土壤水分条件的影响,利用威尔科克斯法,室内条件下测定2种生物炭类型(苹果树枝生物炭和锯末生物炭)及3种生物炭添加比例(2％,5％,10％)对黄土高原3种典型土壤(填)土、黄绵土、风沙土田间持水量的影响.结果显示:(填)土、黄绵土、风沙土添加生物炭后田间持水量分别平均增加2.77％,3.09％,4.17％,显著高于不施炭处理(p＜0.05).苹果树枝生物炭对3种土壤田间持水量提高程度平均值为4.67％,显著高于锯末生物炭2.02％的提高程度;生物炭添加量与土壤田间持水量增加程度成正比例关系,添加量越大,土壤田间持水量增加程度越高,其中,苹果树枝生物炭10％添加量对3种土壤田间持水量的增加程度最大.研究表明,生物炭添加可以显著提高土壤田间持水量,不同种类生物炭及添加量对土壤田间持水量影响差异较大.