全球猪肉将降低生产成本

近年来我国兽药残留监控体系不断健全，动物性产品兽药残留监控工作取得积极进展。     

我国兽药残留监控体系建设的成绩与思考

经过近10年的建设,我国在兽药残留监控体系建设中取得了辉煌的成就,有效保证了动物性食品安全,维护了消费者健康。本文从完善法律法规和生产环节市场准入制度、加强残留监控体系建设和强化兽药使用监管等方面综述了我国在残留监控体系建设方面的成就,论述了解决残留问题的对策及思考。     

建立动物及动物性产品安全机制初探

动物及动物性产品安全机制就是通过建立动物及动物性产品安全体系,实现对动物及动物产品的全程有效监管。目前,世界各国高度重视动物及动物性产品安全体系建设,有78%的国家制定了相关法规,69%的国家有可追溯管理的法律规定。动物及动物性产品安全体系正逐步成为国际畜产品市场一种新的贸易技术壁垒,成为各国提高动物卫生及动物产品安全水平,促进动物产品对外贸易的重要手段和措施。     

兽药与动物性食品安全

介绍了兽药与动物性食品安全的关系,分析了影响动物性食品安全的主要原因:滥用药物、人畜共患病蔓延、重金属和有毒生物素污染.全面介绍了我国兽药残留监控工作概况,包括动物产品的残留监控、修订兽药最高残留限量标准、加强残留检测方法研究、制定兽药使用休药期标准、规范兽药使用、建立兽药残留监测体系等方面的发展概况;指出了我国动物性食品安全方面存在的主要问题和今后加强动物性食品安全管理应采取的主要措施.     

农业部要求各地认真落实2007年度兽药残留监控计划

为加强兽药残留监控工作,保证动物性产品安全,依据Ⅸ兽药管理条例》有关规定,农业部下达2007年度16358批次动物性产品中兽药残留监控计划,其中,畜禽等产品10366批,水产品5992批.并就有关事项下发《农业部关于下达2007年度动物性产品中兽药残留监控计划的通知》,通知要求.     

农业部要求各地认真落实2007年度兽药残留监控计划

为加强兽药残留监控工作,保证动物性产品安全,依据《兽药管理条例》有关规定,农业部下达2007年度16358批次动物性产品中兽药残留监控计划,其中,畜禽等产品10366批,水产品5992批。并就有关事项下发《农业部关于下达2007年度动物性产品中兽药残留监控计划的通知》,通知要求:     

构筑动物性产品质量安全监控体系势在必行

动物性产品质量安全问题倍受人们关注.本文结合永州市动物性产品质量安全的状况,阐述了构筑动物性产品质量安全监控体系的必要性、可行性和重大意义,并提出了一些建议.     

农业部下达2003年度动物性产品中兽药残留监控计划

关于下达2003年度动物性产品中兽药残留监控计划的通知各省、自治区、直辖市畜牧(农牧、农业)厅(局、办),有关渔业主管部门、各任务承担单位:为加强动物性产品中兽药残留监控工作,保证动物性产品卫生安全,维护人民身体健康,根据我部“无公害食品行动计划”实施和农产品质量安全监管工作总体部署,按照《中华人民共和国动物及动物源性食品中药物残留监控计划》的要求,现下达2003年度动物性产品中兽药残留监控计划,并就有关事项通知如下:1.2003年度下达17116批动物性产品中兽药残留抽样、检测计划,北京市兽药监察所等54家单位(见附件1略)承担兽…     

饲料安全再认识

饲料安全关系到动物性食品的安全,间接影响人类自身安全和生存环境安全。提高对饲料安全的再认识,加强安全管理、质量监控体系建设。重点对生产过程进行有效监控,从产品质量、生产、运输等环节入手,确保饲料安全性。     

关于有效改进动物及动物产品兽药残留监控计划的几点建议

<正>1999年农业部和国家质检总局联合发布了《中国动物及动物源食品中残留物质监控计划》,并于当年启动实施了国家年度动物及动物源食品中残留物质监控计划。这一计划由两大部分组成,一部分是由农业部主导的面向国内市场的动物及动物性产品兽药残留监控计划(以下简称监控计划),另一部分是由国家质检总局主导的针对出口产品的监控计划。16年来,经过各方努力,监控计划逐步得到改进。通过这一计划,农业系统无论在监控体系建设、人员素质培养、设施设备配备、还是在检测方法标准制修订、实验     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.