蘑菇酪氨酸酶在蘑菇采收前后发育期间的作用

蘑菇酪氨酸酶是由蘑菇子实体组织产生,它的一个作用是在孢子成熟过程中产生孢子黑色素(Hegnaue,1985)。而酪氨酸酶对蘑菇子实体作用至今未被认识,最多认为是在酶的作用下,发生氧化反应产生有毒氧化物阻止微生物对于实体的侵袭(Mayer等 1979)。反应产生红色色素,并且集合在子实体表面,使其成为褐色。蘑菇子实体产生褐变是由于贮藏时间长或者装卸、采摘过程中损伤,是否发生褐变是蘑菇质量、商品价值评价标准。本试验是研究蘑菇采摘前后发生褐变作用因素,以及为什么蘑菇采摘后发生褐变。如何在蘑菇采摘后保持子实体白色不发生褐变。以酪氨酸酶活力(激活 非激活)和苯酚的含量来衡量两个蘑菇菌株U_3和D_(649)。试验以采收前(试验1)和采收后18℃下贮藏5天期间(试验2),两组子实体组织     

出口褐蘑菇的贮运保鲜技术

阐述了褐蘑菇采后的生理变化和影响保鲜的因素,重点介绍了目前褐蘑菇实用可行的的贮运保鲜技术,并提出了贮运保鲜操作中的注意事项.     

双孢蘑菇的保鲜研究

双孢蘑菇的保鲜研究上官舟建（福建省三明真菌研究所三明３６５０００）（二）蘑菇保鲜的方法与机理蘑菇后熟过程生物学研究的进展为保鲜方法的研究奠定了基础。目前，已研究的保鲜方法有化学法、冷藏法、气调法、辐照法、微波法、微孔薄膜法等十几种，它们均有一定的保鲜...     

双孢蘑菇保鲜加工护色剂研究进展

双孢蘑菇产品以白为佳,护色问题是双孢蘑菇采后贮藏加工中的共性关键技术问题,护色剂护色是防止双孢蘑菇褐变的最有效手段之一。从双孢蘑菇褐变机理开始,重点对双孢蘑菇保鲜护色剂和加工护色剂的研究进展进行了系统的综述和分析,并对护色剂研究的发展方向进行了展望,为进一步研究安全高效的双孢蘑菇护色剂产品提供参考。     

蘑菇多酚氧化酶酶学特性初步研究

对蘑菇多酚氧化酶活性的研究,确定了蘑菇多酚氧化酶的最适反应温度为50℃、最适反应pH4.5~5.5,并通过底物浓度对多酚氧化酶活性影响的研究,建立了酶促褐变反应动力学方程:υ=0.315/(2.58 [S]),同时考察了几种褐变抑制剂与激活剂对多酚氧化酶活力的影响。     

食用蘑菇保鲜技术研究进展

蘑菇是人们日常饮食的重要组成部分。蘑菇采后易腐,食用品质迅速下降,需采用适宜的保鲜技术来维持蘑菇的贮藏品质,延长蘑菇的货架期。现从预冷、贮藏环境控制、气调包装、化学保鲜剂保鲜、辐照保鲜等方面对蘑菇的采后保鲜技术进行了综述。结果表明:存在安全隐患和难以实现工业化是蘑菇采后保鲜技术存在的主要问题;大多蘑菇采后保鲜技术仍处于实验室阶段且难以实现工业化应用;关于蘑菇的研究还不够全面和深入。复合保鲜技术的应用是蘑菇保鲜技术发展的主要趋势。     

双孢蘑菇POD酶学特性及其与褐变的关系

为了研究POD在双孢蘑菇褐变过程中的作用,对POD酶学特性进行了测定,并对不同贮藏条件下双孢蘑菇中POD活性变化与褐变的关系进行了分析。结果表明：以愈创木酚为底物时,双孢蘑菇中POD的米氏常数（Km）为5.704 mmol ? L-1,最适反应pH为5.0,最适反应温度为45 ℃;低温可以显著抑制POD的活性,20 ℃和10 ℃时其相对酶活性分别为68%和55%,2 ~10 ℃范围内的酶活性差异不显著;20 ℃贮藏1 d和2 d时POD酶活分别是10 ℃贮藏的4.8倍和10.9倍。7种化合物对POD活性的抑制作用由强到弱依次为：DTT > AsA > L-Cys > SDS > 无水亚硫酸钠 > 柠檬酸 > NaCl。贮藏过程中,虽然POD抑制剂处理双孢蘑菇的褐变程度和气调处理没有显著性差异,但其POD活性显著高于气调处理,说明POD活性高不是引起双孢蘑菇组织褐变的主要因素。     

蚕茧保鲜剂在双孢蘑菇保鲜中的应用研究

双孢蘑菇加珍珠岩的蚕茧作为固体保鲜吸附剂,分别在常温、低温、低温MA气调3种情况下进行处理。试验效应以双孢蘑菇的组织细胞膜渗透率、褐变度、感官品质进行评定。     

双孢蘑菇褐变的酶学机理研究

采用凝胶电泳等生化技术 ,对菇体本身的褐变作了详细的研究 ,结果发现 ,多酚氧化酶 (PPO)是蘑菇采后引起褐变的主要原因之一 ,不同的双孢蘑菇菌株具有不同的PPO酶活性和不同的PPO同工酶谱 ,双孢蘑菇不同的组织部位具有不同的PPO酶活和PPO同工酶谱 ,在蘑菇生长内的整个时期 ,表现出不同的PPO酶活力和不同的PPO同工酶谱     

蚕茧保鲜剂在蘑菇保鲜中的应用研究

试验材料为双孢蘑菇.以加入珍珠岩的蚕茧作为固体保鲜吸附剂,分别在常温、低温、低温MA气调3种情况下进行处理.试验效应以蘑菇的组织细胞膜渗透率、褐变度、感官品质进行评定.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Influence of Sini decoction on the proliferation and apoptosis of artery smooth muscle cells after balloon injury

AIM: To investigate the influence of Sini decoction (SND) on the proliferation and apoptosis of rabbit abdominal aorta smooth muscle cells after ballon injury and discuss the effect of vascular smooth muscle cell's (VSMCs) proliferation and apoptosis in post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) restenosis (RS) and the feasibility of SND preventing post-PCI RS. METHODS: The animal model of rabbit abdominal aorta ballon injury was set up and the therapertic group was treated with SND. The shape of proliferative and apoptotic cell were investigated by electron microscope. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed using α-actin,PCNA and Cyclin E monoclonal antibodies. In situ Cell Death Detection Kit was used to identify apoptotic cells. Abdomial aorta angiography was operated in the 84th day subgroup and the stenosis degree was evalued by quantitative angiographic analysis. RESULTS: As compared with the control group, the therapeutic group displayed a lower proliferative percentage and a higher apoptosic percentage (P<0.05). Moreover, the apoptosic peek time was on the 14th day after operation,which was longer than the control group. CONCLUSION: SND effectly inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs and iuduced apoptosis in VSMCs.