高寒地区牧草碳水化合物及氨基酸含量季节动态研究

对高寒地区13种牧草碳水化合物(可溶性糖、淀粉)和氨基酸(总游离氨基酸、赖氨酸)含量进行研究.结果表明,球花蒿、高山龙胆、禾草、珠芽蓼和黄花棘豆5种牧草可溶性糖、淀粉、总游离氨基酸、赖氨酸含量随季节呈单峰曲线变化,其最高值和最低值分别出现在6或7月和12或1月;6月13种牧草可溶性糖和淀粉含量不同,变化幅度在0.55%～2.05%,7月8种牧草游离氨基酸和赖氨酸含量变化幅度分别在0.36%～1.37%和0.14%～1.11%;同一时期部分牧草草地来源不同,可溶性糖、淀粉、总游离氨基酸和赖氨酸含量差异显著,部分牧草则差异不显著;淀粉比可溶性糖、总游离氨基酸和赖氨酸更易受环境因子的影响,且它们之间并不一定成正相关性.     

不同鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠免疫机能影响的研究

研究了鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠免疫器官指数、血清球蛋白含量和巨噬细胞吞噬率及吞噬指数的影响。结果表明,鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠胸腺和脾脏指数影响不显著(P>0.05);但提高了老年雄性大鼠血清球蛋白含量,其中鹿胎制剂Ⅰ号组最高,比对照组高出62.64%,与其他各组相比有显著差异(P<0.05);鹿胎制剂Ⅱ号组和人胎盘粉处理组大鼠巨噬细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数与对照组相比有极显著提高(P<0.01),说明鹿胎及胎盘制剂对老年雄性大鼠具有提高免疫机能的作用。     

三七活性蛋白的分离及浸提液的筛选

在32种高原药源性植物中筛选出血凝活性较强的三七，用不同pH值和不同盐浓度的缓冲溶液浸泡制备浸提液，测定了其血凝活性，并进行了糖专一性抑制试验、硫酸铵分级沉淀、活性蛋白含量和分子质量的测定。试验表明，高原药源性植物三七浸提液具有活性蛋白的血凝活性，在1mol／L NaCl的甘氨酸缓冲溶液中活性最强，能被半乳糖所抑制，硫酸铵分级沉淀在40%和60％时蛋白含量最多，血凝活性最高，活性蛋白含量为29％。     

三种酶纯化常用试剂对Bradford法的干扰研究

为了研究常用酶纯化试剂对考马斯亮蓝法(Bradford法)测定蛋白质含量的影响,试验以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为标准蛋白,探索硫酸铵、乙醇和丙酮对该方法的干扰规律和消除这些干扰的方法,然后在丙酮沉淀脂肪酶试验中进行验证。结果表明:硫酸铵对蛋白质含量测定值影响较小,而高浓度的丙酮、乙醇造成测定值偏高数倍;将蛋白质样品稀释5倍可基本消除丙酮、乙醇的干扰。在验证试验中,将上清液稀释5倍,然后测定蛋白质含量,解决了随着丙酮浓度升高,沉淀和上清液蛋白质含量测定值同时增加的问题。说明稀释是解决高浓度乙醇、丙酮对Bradford法干扰的有效方法。     

低温胁迫下结缕草品种的抗寒性差异

低温胁迫兰引3号结缕草、青岛结缕草和交大1号结缕草3个品种,分别测定3个品种的叶片、茎、根茎的可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量,并进行了地下茎恢复生长试验.结果表明:低温胁迫下,叶片、茎、根茎的可溶性糖含量以交大1号最高,兰引3号最低;游离脯氨酸含量以兰引3号最高,交大1号最低;-12℃低温处理后兰引3号存活率为12%,青岛和交大1号全部死亡,-10℃低温处理后兰引3号存活率57%、青岛7%、交大1号8%;可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸二者有补偿作用;游离脯氨酸积累多抗寒性强,兰引3号结缕草抗寒性最强.     

梅花鹿鹿角脱盘化学成分的研究

对梅花鹿鹿角脱盘的主要化学成分分别进行了含量测定。结果表明:鹿角脱盘中含有16种氨基酸,其中含有7种人体必需氨基酸;鹿角脱盘中粗蛋白含量为32.800%,水溶性蛋白质含量为12.800%;总糖、还原糖和可溶性糖含量分别为1.682%、0.575%和1.143%;而总粗脂肪、游离脂肪酸和磷脂含量分别为1.910%、0.067%和0.300%;鹿角脱盘中含有钙、钾、锌、锰、铁、镁、钠等矿质元素。     

不同大小的刺梨果实品质特征及重要指标间的相关性

探究不同大小刺梨的果实品质特征及重要品质指标间的相关性,为确定刺梨产品加工中原料鲜果的质量分级提供依据。以贵州6个县(区)种植的4~5年生‘贵农5号’刺梨果实为材料,测定不同大小等级的果实重、种子数、出汁率、可食率和可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、可滴定酸、维生素C和总黄酮的含量,分析不同大小果实的品质指标间的差异性及相关性。结果表明,不同等级大小的刺梨果实的品质特征差异明显,种子多、出汁率及可食率和含酸量高、可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、维生素C、总黄酮的含量低是刺梨大果的品质特征;中、小果的品质特征是种子少、出汁率及可食率和含酸量较低,但可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、维生素C、总黄酮的含量高。在每100g小型果的果肉中,维生素C和总黄酮的含量分别比大型果高276.67mg和1307.38mg。在刺梨果实中,种子的数量、出汁率、可食率、可滴定酸含量随单果重的增大而增加,可溶性总糖、可溶性固形物、维生素C、总黄酮含量随单果重的增大而降低。果实大小与种子数、出汁率、可食率、可滴定酸含量呈极显著正相关,与可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、维生素C、总黄酮的含量呈极显著负相关,可溶性总糖和可滴定酸的含量与维生素C含量分别呈极显著和显著正相关,可溶性固形物与维生素C含量不相关;可溶性固形物含量与总黄酮呈显著正相关;可溶性总糖、可滴定酸与总黄酮含量呈极显著负相关。刺梨的中、小型果实也是产品加工的优质原料鲜果,在刺梨果实质量分级中不宜仅以果实大小作为判定质量高低的指标。     

龙眼‘华农早’×荔枝‘紫娘喜’F1代果实可溶性糖含量测定与遗传分析

可溶性糖的种类和含量是决定果实品质和风味的重要因素之一。为探讨龙眼果实可溶性糖含量的遗传规律,以龙眼‘华农早’、荔枝‘紫娘喜’及其68株F1子代为试材,采用高效液相色谱（high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）技术,测定了该群体果实的可溶性糖组分与含量。结果表明,龙眼杂交后代果实的可溶性糖主要包括葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖,其中蔗糖含量最高,均值为67.66 mg/g,占总糖的51.79%;葡萄糖与果糖含量接近,分别占总糖的22.15%和24.82%。杂交群体的不同糖组分均表现为衰退变异,葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖含量广泛分离,变异系数分别为25.16%、22.15%和33.69%。蔗糖与单糖比值在0.48 ~ 3.05之间,蔗糖与总糖含量之间、总糖含量与甜度值之间均呈极显著正相关关系。     

人工低温胁迫下多年生黑麦草诱变株系的抗寒性研究

本研究以多年生黑麦草‘Derby’的5个诱变株系G3-2、G10-5、G16-1、CK9-3、CK14-3和抗寒性较好的多年生黑麦草‘Pinnacle’为材料,研究其在人工低温驯化过程中生理指标的变化,以对诱变株系的抗寒性作出评价并筛选出抗寒性好的多年生黑麦草。结果显示,在低温驯化过程中,各试材的叶片含水量下降,G16-1的下降幅度最大,为3.12%。细胞膜伤害程度加重,诱变株系中CK14-3的细胞膜透性最小,为25.40%,CK9-3丙二醛含量最低,为38.06 μmol/g。渗透调节物质含量增加,CK14-3和‘Pinnacle’的脯氨酸含量最低,分别为0.18%和0.15%;G16-1的可溶性蛋白增加量最大,为83.08%;‘Pinnacle’的可溶性糖增加量最小,为34.18%,CK9-3次之,为53.41%;G10-5和G16-1与‘Pinnacle’的还原性糖含量相当,分别为9.01%和9.79%。抗氧化物酶活性增强,CK14-3的超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性较低,分别为5171.21 U/(g·h)和171.04 U/(g·min),但变化率较大,分别为169.07%和47.06%,与‘Pinnacle’相当。潜在光化学效率降低,诱变株系中以G3-2和G16-1降幅较小,分别为3.46%和3.44%。经主成分分析与隶属函数分析,各试材的抗寒性从强到弱依次是‘Pinnacle’、CK14-3、G10-5、G16-1、CK9-3、G3-2。采用聚类分析把试材分成3类:‘Pinnacle’的抗寒性强,CK14-3、G10-5、G16-1和CK9-3的抗寒性中等,G3-2的抗寒性差。综合分析可知,在低温驯化过程中,抗寒性越强的多年生黑麦草,其细胞膜相对透性越小,叶片含水量、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量和还原性糖含量越低,可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性的变化率越大,可溶性糖含量和潜在光化学效率的变化率越小。     

白三叶作基肥对青菜生长及品质的影响

通过盆载实验研究了白三叶Trifolium repens 作基肥对青菜Brassica chinensis 生长借调品质的影响,探讨了白三叶茎叶作为有机蔬菜生产基肥的可能性及其肥效特点.结果表明:基肥全部用白三业的处理在定植后2周内,青菜的株高、地上部鲜质量和底下部鲜质量均显著低于不施肥的对照,2周后地上、地下生长显著高于对照;减少50%白三叶用量的处理在定植后2周青菜的生长与对照相比无显著差异,追施硫酸铵后青菜生长显著优于对照和基肥全部为白三叶的处理.白三叶作基肥和白三叶加部分硫酸铵作基肥处理的青菜中硝酸盐含量低,可溶性糖含量高,品质优于其他施肥处理.结果显示,白三叶是适合于有机蔬菜生产的肥料.     

Purification of the alpha toxin of Clostridium perfringens type A by ultrafiltration and gel chromatography

Clostridium perfringens type A toxin produced in Jayko & Lichstein medium was subjected to various concentration and purification procedures. The results obtained with 3 different ultrafiltration membranes followed by gel filtration showed that by using Millipore PSED OHV10 and Amicon XM-100 filter membranes in combination, a three-hundred-and-fivefold purification could be achieved as against a twelvefold increase obtained with ammonium sulphate/acetone precipitation. The lecitovitelin test was more sensitive than the haemolytic activity in determining the alpha toxin activity. The optical density, measured at 280 nm, did not reveal any alpha toxin activity in the relevant toxic fractions.     

Attempts to separate female Ascaris suum antigen and to investigate its partial characterization

The location and separation of Ascaris suum antigen for serological testing was investigated. The antigenic constituent was rich in the ovary of the adult worm and was obtained by dialysis with 50% ammonium sulphate saturated solution. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that the heat labile antigenic preparation showed one major and seven faint bands. The major band seemed also to be a glycoprotein. The sera from pigs with/without hepatic milk spot showed relatively high precipitation titres, while, those from the specific pathogen free pigs manifested low titres.     

Characterization of pig T cell growth factor and its species-restricted activity on human, mouse and sheep cells

Crude T cell growth factor was prepared from pig blood cells in mixed lymphocyte culture together with Concanavalin A. The TCGF was recovered from the crude supernatant by ammonium sulphate precipitation and fractionated by gel exclusion chromatography to yield active fractions corresponding to an apparent molecular weight of 23,000d. The TCGF was further purified by isoelectric focussing and was found to migrate as a single peak of pI 5 - 5.5. The crude preparation was found to support the growth of mouse and sheep activated cells but had no effect on human activated cells. Human TCGF supported the continued growth of activated pig cells whereas mouse and sheep TCGF had no such effect.     

Purification of IgG from serum with caprylic acid and ammonium sulphate precipitation is not superior to ammonium sulphate precipitation alone

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) from bovine serum raised against Aeromonas Salmonicida was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation (ASP) or caprylic acid treatment followed by ammonium sulphate precipitation (CAAS). Purity of IgG samples prepared by both methods were examined by High Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography, electrophoresis and antibody activity assay. Results suggest that IgG prepared by ASP is better than that obtained by CAAS method in terms of the yield of the IgG monomers and the recovery of the antibody activity.     

SP-SephadexC-50柱层析法纯化孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)

应用HPO_3沉淀-硫酸铵浓缩-乙醇分部沉淀法,从孕马血清中粗提PMRG(平均比活1026IU/mg.平均回收率75%),用SP-Scphadex C-50一次柱层析纯化PMSG粗品,获得平均比活11847IU/mg的高活性PMSG精品,对粗品的平均回收率为88.5%.     

Differentiation by western blotting of immune responses of cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain 19 or infected experimentally or naturally with virulent Brucella abortus

Brucella abortus strain 19 salt-extractable proteins fractionated by differential ammonium sulfate precipitation were used in a western blotting method to detect bovine immunoglobulin G antibodies to B. abortus. Sera from infected cattle and from cattle vaccinated with strain 19 and subsequently exposed to virulent B. abortus bound to a common group of antigens ranging in molecular weights from 31,000 to 45,000 daltons. Immunoglobulin G antibodies in sera from the latter group in addition also bound to antigens with molecular weights of 66,000 to 71,000 daltons. Some sera from cattle vaccinated when sexually mature reacted similar to those from infected cattle, while immunoglobulin G antibodies in sera from Brucella-free cattle and vaccinated calves did not bind to either group of antigens. In general, fractionation of the proteins by ammonium sulfate precipitation offered no advantage for detecting differences between groups of sera. Ammonium sulfate fraction 0 to 35% reacted with a larger number of sera from a naturally infected group than fraction 0 to 70%. Both fractions reacted equally well with sera from the other groups of cattle, while fractions 35 to 70% and 70 to 100% reacted poorly in this technique. The attractive feature of the blot is that sera from calfhood-vaccinated cattle did not react.     

Experimental Edema Disease of Swine (E. Coli ENTEROTOXEMIA) I. Detection and Preparation of an Active Principle

Freeze-thaw lysates prepared from strains of Escherichia coli belonging to serogroups O138, O139, and O141 contained a principle (edema disease principle) which induced edema disease in swine. All freeze-thaw lysates contained endotoxic activity that tended to obscure the edema disease syndrome and methods were developed to reduce such activity. Freeze-thaw lysates prepared from E. coli O139 induced the most characteristic edema disease syndrome. Partially purified edema disease principle prepared from O139 freeze-thaw lysates by sequential precipitation with ammonium sulphate and streptomycin sulphate had increased specific activity with markedly reduced endotoxic activity. This material was insoluble at acidic pH but readily soluble at alkaline pH. The effective molecular weight of edema disease principle, based on retention and filtration properties of diaflo membranes, appeared to be greater than 50,000 and less than 100,000. The biological activity of edema disease principle was thermolabile. Sodium deoxycholate treatment of edema disease principle further reduced endotoxic activity. A thermolabile, ammonium sulphate precipitable material was prepared from E. coli O139 that induced a predictable syndrome which resembled edema disease clinically and pathologically following intravenous inoculation in pigs.     

Evaluation of the Local Analgesic Effects of a Commercial Aqueous Extract of Sarracenia purpurea and Ammonium Sulfate in the Equine Abaxial Sesamoid Block Model

Sarracenia purpurea is a carnivorous plant whose aqueous extracts have been proposed to exert analgesic effects by neurolytical action on peripheral nerves. The aim of this study was to determine the local analgesic effects of a commercially available aqueous extract solution of S. purpurea (P-Bloc, St. Joseph, Missouri) and a 1% ammonium sulfate solution, using the horse abaxial sesamoid block model. Twenty horses were randomly assigned to two groups. The first group (n = 10) was used to evaluate the effect of P-Bloc. The horses received a bilateral (medial and lateral) abaxial sesamoid block with 5 mL of P-Bloc in one random forelimb, while in the contralateral forelimb, they received either 5 mL of 2% lidocaine as a positive control (n = 5) or 5 mL of 0.9% NaCl as a negative control (n = 5). The second group (n = 10) was treated as the first but received 5 mL of 1% ammonium sulfate in NaCl (0.9% NaCl) solution instead of P-Bloc. The period of hoof withdrawal reflex latency (HWRL, in seconds) was measured using a custom-made heat projector lamp as a source of a noxious skin heating stimulus applied to the pastern. Lidocaine (2%) prolonged (P ≤ .05) the HWRL period, returning to the negative control basal values after 240 minutes. Neither the treatment with P-Bloc nor 1% ammonium sulfate modified the HWRL period. The lack of effect of these compounds in this model reinforces the results reported elsewhere and suggests a nonlocal anesthetic mechanism of action for the aqueous extract of S. purpurea in the horse.     

绵羊精浆蛋白质组2-DE图谱的构建及初步分析

本研究比较了丙酮沉淀法制备蛋白质不同上样量对绵羊精浆蛋白质二维电泳图谱的影响。结果显示,精浆总蛋白经SDS-PAGE电泳,得到分子质量在14.4~116 ku的28条蛋白质条带。二维电泳图经PDQuest 8.0分析,上样量为0.8、1.0、1.2 mg时检测出的蛋白质点分别为207±10、281±13和374±16个,分子质量基本分布在20~80 ku、等电点为4~9的区域内,随着上样量的增加,分子质量在20~80 ku的蛋白质点明显增多,但每个分子质量区间的蛋白质点所占的比率较为恒定。研究结果表明,采丙酮沉淀制备精浆蛋白结合合适的上样量能够建立绵羊精浆全蛋白质图谱,为进一步研究绵羊精浆蛋白质组学奠定基础。     

打破结缕草种子休眠的方法研究

X-射线能谱分析表明,颖苞表面被蜡质和硅覆盖,造成颖苞透性差,限制结缕草Zoysia japonica种子的萌发.在此基础上采用丙酮、HF和H2SO4处理结缕草种子,发现均能有效打破休眠,具体表现如下:以0.6%HF处理10min、30%丙酮处理20min、60%H2SO4处理5min效果最好,发芽率分别为88%、90%和92%,同20%NaOH处理20min相比,种子发芽率相差不多.表明,可以考虑用HF或丙酮等有机溶剂来进行结缕草种子的工厂化处理.