不同包装对李果实贮藏品质的影响

用0.025 mm PE包装和硅窗膜包装的澳李14果实在冷藏中能通过自发气调延长果实的贮藏期;尽管各种包装的果实固酸比一般随贮藏时间的延长而上升,硬度随贮藏时间的延长而下降,但都显著低于CK。贮藏到25 d时,各处理组合果实固酸比较CK低78.0%~96.6%;贮藏末期,各处理组合果实的腐烂率比CK低28.2%~69.5%。其中,在冷藏中,硅窗膜包装效果并不如0.025 mm PE的包装。     

圆铃大枣贮藏保鲜技术

经多年实验 ,选择适宜采收成熟度大枣 ,采用低温、塑料袋打孔包装、ＴＢＺ熏蒸等综合保鲜技术 ,可贮藏鲜枣 80～ 90天 ,好果率85 %以上 ,基本保持了大枣的原有品质。现将贮藏保鲜技术总结以下。1　适时采收一般情况下枣表面 1/3颜色变红为贮藏成熟度即可采成熟度。过早采收 ,果实风味不佳 ,采收过晚 ,果实易发酵腐烂 ,不耐贮藏。采用时 ,最好选在晴天 ,待露水干后用手采摘 ,要求无病、无虫、无变形果和干疤 ,将青果、转红果、半红果、全红果分开存放。采时要轻拿轻放 ,防止果实受到机械损伤。2　包装、运输贮藏用的大枣要用透气性比较好的塑…     

苹果不宜与梨混藏

实践证明,苹果与梨混藏,只会加速二者腐烂,有害无利,不宜推广。苹果最适宜的贮藏温度在0—5℃,超过6℃便会导致果实呼吸作用过旺,徒耗果实养分,降低果实养分含量,造成糠果、烂     

桃综合贮藏保鲜技术研究：Ⅰ.采收成熟度及采前处理对贮藏效果的 …

桃的采收成熟度与果实的耐藏性有较密切的关系，在７－８成熟时的绿熟期采收，经贮藏后果面新鲜，果实硬面脆，褐变和腐烂少；采收过晚则果实易软化，容易褐变和腐烂。采前１个月用１００ｍｇ／ｋｇＧＡ３处理有利于提高桃果实的耐藏性情，贮藏后处理果的硬度比对照高１倍；采前１－２ｄ用５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ朴海因处理大久保，京玉和燕红桃，贮藏好果等分别增加２２．８％，２２．９％和１８．３％；     

香焙草莓脯

草莓色泽鲜艳,酸甜适口．营养丰富,是人们喜食的水果。下面介绍一种草莓香型果脯的加工技术。 １．工艺流程 原料→分选→浸泡→去蒂→硬化→漂洗→护色→真空填料→糖渍→干燥→焙香→成品包装 ２．加工要点 ２．１原料处理：新采收的草莓分选剔除坏果烂果,用０.１％食用洗涤精浸泡１５分钟后,清水慢速冲洗干净,用刀削去果蒂．沥干水分。 ２．２硬化处理：由于草莓多汁易碎,对加工过程和成品品质会带来很多不利的影响,因而必须对果实进行硬化处理。将去蒂果浸入２％氯化钙溶液中２小时,果实硬化程度会明显的增加。再用清水冲洗干净…     

桃综合贮藏保鲜技术研究Ⅰ.采收成熟度及采前处理对贮藏效果的影响

桃的采收成熟度与果实的耐藏性有较密切的关系。在７～８成熟时的绿熟期采收,经贮藏后果面新鲜,果实硬而脆,褐变和腐烂少;采收过晚则果实易软化,容易褐变和腐烂。采前１个月用１００ｍｇ／ｋｇＧＡ３处理有利于提高桃果实的耐藏性,贮藏后处理果的硬度比对照高１倍;采前１～２ｄ用５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ朴海因处理大久保、京玉和燕红桃,贮藏好果率分别增加２２．８％,２２．９％和１８．３％;采前用混合液（ＧＡ３５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,２,４－Ｄ５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,多菌灵２０００倍）处理可减慢桃果实在贮藏期间的生理代谢,并能较好地保持品质,腐烂和褐变指数分别比对照降低７．７％和４．０％。     

柑桔保鲜期病害的防治

柑桔青霉病和绿霉病是柑桔果实贮藏保鲜运输期间最容易发生，危害最严重的真菌病害，会使果实大量腐烂，烂果率一般占10％～30％，严重的达50％以上．常造成不应有的经济损失。现将这两种病害的症状及防治措施介绍如下。     

金丝小枣浆烂果病综合防治技术

金丝小枣浆烂果病，在沧州枣区已成为危害果实最严重的病害之一。发病重的年份，在果实着色后接近成熟期或采收后晾晒过程中，遇连阴雨天气，病果率达30％～60％，浆烂后的果实失去食用价值，造成很大损失。枣树浆烂果病主要是由轮纹烂果病引起的，其次还有枣软腐病、枣木霜病等。在生产上，只要重点防治枣轮纹烂果病，其它果实病害．就能达到兼治。     

灵武长枣贮藏保鲜试验

以灵武长枣鲜枣为材料,采用PE打孔保鲜袋+气调剂包装鲜枣贮藏效果好;采前喷0.2%氯化钙溶液的鲜枣耐贮藏;贮前用鲜枣专用保鲜剂浸泡,能明显降低贮藏中枣果的霉烂率;贮藏中随着色度的降低软果率、酒化率降低;早熟枣不耐贮藏,9月下旬至10月上旬采收的果实贮藏效果好。     

金丝小枣浆烂果病综合防治技术

金丝小枣浆烂果病在沧州枣区已成为危害果实最严重的病害之一。发病重的年份,在果实着色后接近成熟期或采收后晾晒过程中,遇连阴雨天气,病果率达30～60％,浆烂后的果实失去食用价值造成很大的损失。近年来,在红枣主产区应用综合配套技术防治该病效果显著。枣树浆烂果病主要是由轮纹烂果病引起的,其次还有枣软腐病、枣木霜病等。在生产上,只要重点防治枣轮纹果病。其它果实病害就能达到兼治。     

优质抗裂金丝小枣新品种‘沧金1号’选育研究

‘沧金1号’由沧州市农林科学院选育。果实圆形,个大,纵横径平均为2.61 cm×2.58 cm,成熟果实紫红色,平均单果重8.3 g,最大单果重12.7 g,制干率60%,鲜果含可溶性固形物32.08%,Vc451 mg/100 g,干枣含糖量73.5%;味甘甜微酸,品质上等,可食率97%,肉厚核小,制干率60%,适于鲜食和制干。株行距3 m×5m,嫁接后连续3 a开甲,株产鲜枣20.5 kg,产量13.84 t/hm2;较普通金丝小枣增产10%;连续4 a开甲,株产鲜枣21.5 kg,产量14.51 t/hm2,较普通金丝小枣增产13%;连续5 a开甲,株产鲜枣23.5 kg,产量15.86 t/hm2,较普通金丝小枣增产12%;耐瘠薄,抗盐碱,抗病能力强,抗裂果,裂果率低于3%;2010年12月通过河北省林木品种审定委员会审定。     

Structure and function of traditional agroforestry systems in the western Himalaya. II. Nutrient cycling

Budget of nutrient in plant and soil, and their rates of recycling in three types of traditional agroforestry systems in mid elevations of the western Himalaya were studied. Concentration of nitrogen and potassium was significantly higher in fruits and leaves than in branches, boles, and litter. Grewia optiva, an important fodder tree, was found to be rich in potassium, vegetable crops in nitrogen, and weeds in phosphorus. Maximum store of nutrients was estimated in aboveground biomass of agrihortisilvicultural system: nitrogen 532, phosphorus 40, potassium 461, calcium 400, and magnesium 298 kg/ha; it was closely followed by that in agrihorticultural system, and both these had sbout 2-fold higher nutrient stock as compared to agrisilvicultural system. In the case of the former two systems, considerable quantity of nutrients up to nitrogen 169, phosphorus 14, potassium 165, calcium 97, and magnesium 65 kg/ha, for example in agrihortisilvicultural system, was recycled through debris of crops and weeds, and tree leaf litter, while the recycling rate was almost half in agrisilvicultural system. Through ‘harvest’ potassium was depleted in the largest quantity from the system, followed by nitrogen, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus; much higher loss occurred through agricultural and/or horticultural edible parts as compared to fuel and fodder biomass. For example, the loss through agricultural crops and horticultural fruits for nitrogen in agrihortisilvicultural system was up to 75 percent and 38 percent respectively of the total annual uptake. This heavy loss makes the system unstable from a nutrient point of view particularly for nitrogen and potassium until external inputs are added through organic and inorganic fertilizers. Agrihortisilvicultural system is remarkably efficient in view of biomass productivity for fuel, fodder and fruits, and also from nutrient point of view provided losses through harvest are compensated externally.     

东北黑土区引进和杂交两类沙棘果实VC含量测定分析

为了解引进的大果沙棘和新选育蒙中杂交沙棘无性系果实的VC含量,采摘两类沙棘果实样品,采用液相色谱法分析果实VC含量.结果 表明:18个引进沙棘全果干基VC含量平均值为671.58 mg·(100 g)-1,从单个无性系看,含量在1000 mg ·(100 g)-1以上的有4个无性系(201319、201303、2013...     

库尔勒香梨树体生长与15N的吸收及分配动态

为给库尔勒香梨园合理施肥及氮肥利用率的提高提供参考,以6年生库尔勒香梨为研究对象,采用15N同位素示踪技术,研究萌芽前期至果实成熟期库尔勒香梨树体生长和氮素吸收、分配动态。结果表明:库尔勒香梨树体基径随着生育期的推移逐渐增大,于果实成熟期达到最大(8.71cm);库尔勒香梨叶片的叶面积指数、叶绿素SPAD值和叶片光合速率均随着香梨年生育期的推进呈现先增大后减小的趋势,均在第2个快速膨大期达到最大,分别为2.40、42.03和12.50μmol/(m^2·s);在年生育末期,库尔勒香梨单株树体的生物量为19958g,氮素积累量为199.44g,各器官中以当年新生器官果实的生物量和氮素积累量为最高,分别占整株树体生物量和氮素积累量的33.33%和25.08%。不同生育期15N在树体内的运转随生长中心的变化而变化。盛花期15N在1年生枝中的分配势最强,新梢旺长期和第2个快速膨大期15N在叶片中的分配势最强,果实成熟期15N在果实中的分配势最强。在果实成熟期库尔勒香梨树体当季15N肥料利用率为17.35%。     

Domestication of Dacryodes edulis: 1. Phenotypic variation of fruit traits from 100 trees in southeast Nigeria

A participatory approach to tree domestication is being pioneered by ICRAF and international partners in Cameroon and Nigeria. The domestication of Dacryodes edulis offers opportunities to improve the livelihoods of subsistence farmers and to diversify farming systems, such as cocoa farms. The trees produce marketable fruits as well as shade for cocoa and coffee. Twenty-four ripe fruits were collected from each of 100 D. edulis trees in Mgbuisi, southeast Nigeria by subsistence farmers. There was continuous and significant tree-to-tree variation in fruit mass (10.2±0.5–71.4±1.3 g), flesh mass (6.8±0.3– 62.2±1.2 g) and kernel mass (1.3±0.5–15.1±0.4 g). Mean fruit mass did not differ significantly between different land uses. Flesh mass:kernel mass ratio varied from 0.79 to 29.0. Two trees had fruits without kernels. There was also continuous and significant tree-to-tree variation in fruit length (39.0±0.6– 95.1±1.2 mm), fruit width (21.82±0.16–43.75±0.33 mm) and flesh thickness (1.82±0.1–6.39± 0.1 mm). Fruit length:width ratio varied from 1.35 to 3.18. Cooked fruits varied in taste with only 14% of trees getting the highest score. Similarly, fruits varied in oiliness with only 3% of trees getting the highest score. Thirteen skin colours were recorded, with the most common being dark blue (31%), greyish violet (29%) and deep blue (9%). Ninety-nine percent of the trees had been planted, with 57% in homegardens, 22% in crop fields, 17% in fallow land and 4% in cocoa. Tree height ranged from 4 to 22m, and DBH from 9.55 to 63.65 cm. Tree age ranged from 5 to 64 years. Farmers reported first fruiting from age 3 up to 22 years (average of 9.4 years). Most trees originated from seeds bought in markets (63%). Market prices of fruits from different trees, ranged from 2 to 12 fruits for 10 Naira (US0.07). These quantitative results will help in the identification of elite trees of D. edulis for cultivar development through clonal propagation.     

生物降解塑料薄膜吹塑工艺及其性能研究

引进德国BASF公司的生物降解塑料Ecoflex聚酯,利用挤出吹塑法制得了全生物降解塑料薄膜。结果表明：Ecoflex吹膜加工工艺条件为加料段温度135℃,塑化段温度150℃,均化段温度160℃,主轴转速150 r/min,得到了平均膜厚为0.02 mm的Ecoflex薄膜。该薄膜具有与低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）薄膜相近的性能,其拉伸强度纵向为35.2 MPa,横向为21.7 MPa;断裂伸长率纵向为388.4%,横向为817.1%;直角撕裂强度纵向为85.24 N/mm,横向为105.81 N/mm。在受控堆肥试验条件下,130 d薄膜的生物分解率达到65%。     

国外产竹种子形态特征及其育苗技术

测定分析了10种国外产竹种子的形态特征,并对他们进行育苗试验。结果表明：种子形状多为卵形、长锥形、椭球形,颜色以黄褐色、褐色、褐黑色为主,长度和直径分别为4~60 mm和0.9~5.5 mm;果实一般为圆锥形、锥形、卵形,颜色以灰褐色、灰色为主,长度和直径分别为5~64 mm和1.2~7.5 mm;大藤竹种子播种品质指标最好,具有最高的纯净度（97.4%）、千粒质量（201.0 g）、发芽率（95.4%）、发芽势（51.5%）、含水量（9.3%）、生活力（98.8%）及较低的病虫害感染度（6.5%）;有机质是有效提高各竹种出苗率的首选基质;宜采用先撒播种子,待胚苗有1~3片叶时再移入营养袋培育的育苗方式;育苗时施用氮磷钾复合肥,并在苗木离地50 cm处进行封顶处理,能有效促进苗木生长。     

光皮树果实专用型螺旋冷榨机的压榨性能研究

开展了能源植物光皮树果实压榨制油工艺研究,对比了自制硬果核油料专用小型螺旋冷榨机（XLK-2010型）与德国进口的螺旋冷榨机（KOMETCA-59-G型）的压榨效果。重点考察了在出饼孔分别为5mm和6mm的条件下,不同榨机榨轴转速对光皮树果实的生产效率、饼粕残油率和出饼温度的影响。结果表明：在相同条件下,自制的小型螺旋冷榨机与进口设备相比,压榨效率相当,但饼粕残油率和出饼温度略低,设备制造成本大大降低。该研究初步建立了光皮树果实压榨制油工艺参数,为大型专用型冷榨机的研制提供了理论支撑。     

八角机械烘干试验

１９９７～１９９８ 年，研究了机械烘干对八角干果质量的影响和干果水分含量变化。结果表明：八角机械烘干的干果芳香油含量高，水分含量、碎口率与杀青晒干法差异不显著，成品质量达到市场商品要求，但其颜色需经过一定时间陈化后才转变为棕褐色。通过数理统计分析，建立了八角烘干水分变化的数学模型，并寻找出最佳烘干时间