加强高职院校图书建设的现实意义及主要措施

高职院校图书馆在提升教学质量、培养人才中发挥着重要的作用。然而,当前高职院校图书馆还存在一些实际问题,因此应加强图书馆自身的建设。加强高职院校图书馆建设,有助于提高办学质量,促进高职院校的和谐发展;有助于更新图书馆的管理理念,促进图书馆与时俱进;有助于提升高职院校图书馆工作人员的整体素质;有助于实现高职院校图书馆的数字化管理。加强高职院校图书馆建设应采取以下主要措施：明确定位,坚持与时俱进,全面服务于高职教育;争取政策支持,注重特色馆藏建设;发挥资源要素、服务要素、管理要素在高职院校图书馆建设中的作用;通过开展与读者的交流活动,提高读者满意度。     

职业教育集团化办学的中高职教育衔接研究——以会计专业为例

职业院校为适应我国职业教育的快速发展和满足社会需求推行集团化办学。职教集团化办学的目的是实现资源优化配置、优势互补,建立以职业能力为核心的中职与高职教育有效衔接机制。本文以会计专业为例,就职业教育集团化办学这一出发点,对人才培养目标、课程定位与衔接、评价考核方式等方面进行分析与探讨。     

高职教育环境下如何提高学生的人文素养

目前高职院校强调培养技能型人才,忽视人文素养教育,阻碍了学生可持续发展的潜力。高职学院应转变办学理念,重视人文素养教育,转变培养方式,调整课程体系与结构,加强人文素养教育的师资建设,营造有利于学生发展的校园人文环境,全面提高学生的人文素养,培养具有创新精神的高技能人才。     

高职教育环境下如何提高学生的人文素养

目前高职院校强调培养技能型人才,忽视人文素养教育,阻碍了学生可持续发展的潜力。高职学院应转变办学理念,重视人文素养教育,转变培养方式,调整课程体系与结构,加强人文素养教育的师资建设,营造有利于学生发展的校园人文环境,全面提高学生的人文素养,培养具有创新精神的高技能人才。     

职业教育集团化办学对策分析

职业教育集团是职业院校与行业、企业合作的一种具体形式,是我国职业教育发展的重大创新。近年来,一系列文件和政策的颁布实施,为职业教育集团化办学指明了方向,也为职业教育集团化办学带来了前所未有的发展机遇。本文从界定职业教育集团化办学的内涵入手,阐述职业教育集团化办学的重要意义,分析职业教育集团化办学的对策。     

乡村振兴背景下涉农高职院校双创教育发展策略研究

为培养新型农业人才、促进农村创新创业发展,笔者阐述了双创教育（创新教育和创业教育）意义、发展现状、存在问题及其必要性,并提出完善双创教育课程体系、加强双创教育师资队伍建设、建立双创教育实践平台、加强与农业企业的合作、增加政策支持与投入等发展策略,可为涉农高职院校开展双创教育提供参考。     

六部门联合下发关于开展乡村治理体系建设试点示范工作的通知

6月28日,中央农办、农业农村部、中央组织部、中央宣传部、民政部、司法部下发开展乡村治理体系建设试点示范工作的通知,旨在根据《中共中央国务院关于坚持农业农村优先发展做好“三农”工作的若干意见》《中共中央办公厅国务院办公厅关于加强和改进乡村治理的指导意见》的要求,开展乡村治理体系建设试点示范工作。据悉,试点工作重点围绕加强农村基层基础工作,健全党组织领导的自治、法治、德治相结合的乡村治理体系开展,根据我国农村经济社会发展需要和乡村治理体系建设发展情况,试点内容主要包括探索共建共治共享的治理体制、探索乡村治理与经济社会协调发展的机制、探索完善乡村治理的组织体系、探索党组织领导的自治法治德治相结合的路径、完善基层治理方式、完善村级权力监管机制、创新村民议事协商形式和创新现代乡村治理手段八个方面。     

高职饲料与动物营养专业基于学生创新创业能力培养的教学改革与实践

随着我国高等职业教育教学改革的不断深入,国家对于人才培养质量的要求进一步提高,创新创业教育改革已成为高职教育的一项重要课题。本文主要对饲料与动物营养专业人才培养体系改革;人才培养方案改革;专业课程体系改革;打造"双师"结构教学团队;校企共建实验实训基地;提升学生创新创业能力,开展创新创业项目;构建各层面专业诊改体系;加强技术服务体系建设;完善职业资格培训机制;建设信息化教学资源库;加强对外合作与交流等方面进行了探讨,希望能在高职饲料动物营养专业改革中提供参考。     

对职业教育集团实训基地建设的实践与思考

<正>为破解校企合作难题,集团化办学作为职业教育新的组织形式如雨后春笋般涌现,并对职业教育的发展起到了积极的促进作用。职教集团组建之后,由于各方追求目标不同,成员单位所属部门及产权归属等不同,集团化办学还存在着若干问题,校企合作深入开展还需深入研究和政策支持。而实训基地是职教集团组建之后发挥其优势的重要基础和关键因素。笔者主持或参与了黑龙江省畜牧兽医职业教育集团理事会、秘书处的部分工作及共享型实训基地初期建设工作,     

高职院校动物医学类专业劳动教育课程建设

劳动教育是以劳动为载体的教育形式,是高等职业教育体系的重要组成部分,对实现高等职业教育办学宗旨及发展理念有着重要的意义。在高职院校成功开展劳动教育的主要实现途径之一,就是使劳动教育课程化。本文以高职院校动物医学类专业劳动教育课程建设为例,浅谈专业类劳动教育课程建设方法及思路。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.