核级复合钢管件的替代制件研究

本文通过分析俄罗斯核级复合钢管的材料成分、组织和性能,并考虑反应堆工程应用经验,分别从反应堆一回路系统用低合金钢体系和国际国内标准焊材体系中筛选出508-Ⅲ钢和ER347作为复合管基体和覆层的替代材料;通过采用基体材料上堆焊覆层材料的工艺试制了复合钢管件,并与进口复合钢管开展了性能和质量对比。研究表明,采用国产替代材料及堆焊工艺制备复合钢管件的方法可以获得满足技术要求且与进口复合钢管质量和性能相当的复合钢管件。本文的研究为WWER型核电站的一回路系统管道维修工艺的国产化研发提供了材料保障。     

Studies on Preparation and Application of Fuzhengjiedusan Compound Preparation Fermentated by Lactic Acid Bacteria in Broilers

This study was aimed toproduce compound preparations of Fuzhengjiedusan fermented with Lactic acid bacteria and analyze its effectson growth performancesand immune organ growth of broilers. Firstly, to identify the influence of traditional Chinese medicine on the growth of Lactic acid bacteria, the medium for the growth of Lactic acid bacteria was filled with different proportions of Astragalusmembranaceus, Radix Isatidis, Epimedium and compound Chinese herbal medicine extracts by single factor test. Secondly, to confirm the optimum medium, orthogonal test was used to optimize the culture medium of compound medicine liquid. Finally, 450 one-day-old healthy AA broilers were randomized into three groups, each group had 3 repeats: control group (antibiotics), group Ⅰ(fermented preparation), group Ⅱ (unfermented preparation). The growth and immune organ index were determined in 21 and 42 days after administration. The results showed that the highest viable count of Astragalusmembranaceus, Radix Isatidis, Epimedium and compound medicine liquid groups were increased by 261.64%, 505.48%, 156.16% and 564.38%, respectively, compared with control group. The optimum medium composition was compound medicine liquid 100 mL, brown sugar 2.0 g, peptone 0.3 g, soybean meal 2.0 g. The viable count of fermentation liquid was 7.13×10⁹ CFU/mL.The production results showed that in period of 1~42 days, the daily weight gain of group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were separately increased by 17.84% and 8.22% (P<0.05) than that of the control. What's more, the feed conversion rate was reduced by 10.88% (P<0.05). The average daily feed intake was significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). At 21 and 42 days, the spleen index of group Ⅰ were improved by 11.04% and 13.58% (P<0.05), respectively. The bursal index were raised by 31.30% and 26.23% (P<0.05), respectively. However, the spleen index of group Ⅱ were improved by 7.79% and 7.41% (P<0.05), respectively. The bursal index were raised by 15.65% and 11.48% (P<0.05), respectively. On the basis of the above results, it could be suggested that Chinese herbal medicine extracts can promote lactic acid bacteria proliferation and compound fermentation liquid can improve growth performance in broilers, as well as immune organ development.     

乳酸菌发酵扶正解毒散复合制剂的制备及其在肉鸡上的应用研究

本研究旨在制备一种乳酸菌发酵的扶正解毒散复合制剂,并探索其对肉鸡生长性能和免疫器官发育的影响。首先,利用单因子试验法将不同比例的黄芪、板蓝根、淫羊藿及复合中药提取液添加至乳酸菌的培养基中,测定中药对乳酸菌生长的影响;其次,利用正交试验对复合药液培养基进行优化,确定最佳的培养基配方;最后,选取1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡450只,随机分为3组,每组3个重复:对照组(抗生素)、试验Ⅰ组(发酵制剂)、试验Ⅱ组(未发酵制剂),分别在试验的第21、42天测定肉鸡的生长及免疫器官指标。试验结果显示,黄芪、板蓝根、淫羊藿及复合药液组的最高活菌数与对照组相比分别提高了261.64%、505.48%、156.16%、564.38%。通过正交试验得到复合发酵液最适生产培养基配方:复合药液100 mL、红糖2.0 g、蛋白胨0.3 g、豆粕2.0 g,发酵液活菌数为7.13×10⁹ CFU/mL。肉鸡生长试验结果显示,1~42日龄阶段,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组的平均日增重分别比对照组提高了17.84%和8.22% (P<0.05),料肉比分别比对照组降低了10.88%和4.66% (P<0.05),平均日采食量明显高于对照组 (P<0.05);21、42日龄时,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组脾指数分别比对照组提高了11.04%和13.58% (P<0.05)、7.79%和7.41% (P<0.05),法氏囊指数分别比对照组提高了31.30%和26.23% (P<0.05)、15.65%和11.48% (P<0.05)。以上试验结果表明中药提取液能促进乳酸菌的增殖,复合发酵液能够提高肉鸡的生长性能并促进免疫器官的发育。     

复方双黄连制剂体外抗菌抗病毒活性研究

【目的】探究复方双黄连制剂体外抗菌抗病毒活性,为复方双黄连的深度开发及家禽、家畜合理选择用药提供科学依据。【方法】将金银花、黄芩、连翘颗粒分别制成浸膏,再将药物浸膏及穿心莲颗粒按照比例制成穿心莲、双黄连（金银花：黄芩：连翘=1：1：2）和复方双黄连（金银花：黄芩：连翘：穿心莲=1：1：2：2）口服液,调节pH为7.0,生药浓度为100%。用大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的12个菌株进行细菌敏感性检测,采用牛津杯结合试管二倍稀释法筛选出敏感菌株,根据药物的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）探讨其体外抗菌活性;采用二倍稀释法稀释药物,培养恒河猴胚肾细胞（MA-104）、鸡胚成纤维细胞（DF-1）,用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,结合细胞病变（CPE）情况确定3种药物安全浓度,将最大药物安全浓度以二倍稀释法稀释3个梯度,用新城疫病毒、轮状病毒对MA-104和DF-1进行药物+病毒互作、先加药后攻毒和先攻毒后加药3种方式的处理,用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,并结合CPE探讨药物的体外抗病毒活性。【结果】复方双黄连的抗菌效果优于穿心莲和双黄连,其对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC分别为0.20~1.56、0.20~1.56和0.78~1.56 mg/mL。CPE和细胞活力的测定结果表明,双黄连、穿心莲、复方双黄连对DF-1细胞的安全浓度范围分别为0~6.25、0~0.78和0~0.78 mg/mL,对MA-104细胞的安全浓度范围分别为0~3.13、0~0.78和0~0.78 mg/mL。新城疫病毒17E株对DF-1细胞的TCID₅₀为10^-6.19/100 μL;牦牛轮状病毒G6P[1]型SDA2株对MA-104细胞的TCID₅₀为10^-6.24/100 μL。复方双黄连通过直接灭活病毒（药物+病毒互作）、阻断病毒吸附（先加药后攻毒）及干扰病毒复制（先攻毒后加药）途径对新城疫病毒的有效抑制率分别为28.82%、55.92%、42.45%,对轮状病毒的有效抑制率分别为48.84%、26.52%、15.40%。【结论】复方双黄连的抗菌抗病毒作用均强于双黄连和穿心莲,且其对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌的抗菌效果优于金黄色葡萄球菌,研究结果可为复方双黄连在兽医临床应用和深入开发提供科学依据。     

中草药制剂对母猪分娩和哺乳效果的试验研究

为观察复方中草药制剂对母猪分娩和泌乳效果的影响,试验选择妊娠80-90 d的68头妊娠母猪,按配种日龄、胎次、体况、品种随机均分为中草药制剂组和对照组,每组34头,每头母猪为1个重复。两组基础饲粮相同,中草药制剂组在基础饲粮中按每吨300 g添加中草药制剂,试验期为妊娠80 d至断奶。结果表明,与对照组相比,中草药制剂组窝均产活仔数和断奶窝均仔猪数分别提高0.93头（P＜0.05）和1.09头（P＜0.01）;产活仔率和健仔率分别提高5.91和4.52个百分点;仔猪初生个体均重、断奶个体均重、仔猪平均日增重分别提高0.05 kg、0.5 kg、22.6 g,差异均显著（P＜0.05）。中草药制剂可有效提高母猪分娩质量和泌乳水平。     

酶制剂在饲料中应用的研究

大量的研究和实践证明,酶制剂在饲养业中的合理应用,能有效地提高饲料利用率,提高畜禽的生产性能,有明显的促生长作用.其作用机理主要表现为:直接分解底物,供给机体营养物质;水解植物细胞壁,使细胞内的营养物质释放出来:破坏饲料中的可溶性非淀粉性多糖(SNSP),降低肠道内容物的粘度,增加养分的消化吸收等方面.     

哺乳动物胚胎细胞核移植显微操作用针的制备与应用

本文阐述了利用拉针仪、断针仪和磨针仪制备动物胚胎细胞核移植显微操作用针的具体操作方法、注意事项、可用针的评定标准并给出了部分实验用针的长度、内外径的参考数据.     

复合酶制剂对陕北绒山羊增重效果的研究

选择健康陕北白绒山羊断奶羊63只,随机分为7组,每组9只.试验1、2、3组为酶制剂组,分别在日粮中添加0.075％、0.1％和0.125％的复合酶,试验4、5、6组为酶制剂十益生素组,分别在日粮中添加0.075％、0.1％和0.125％的复合酶和益生素的复合物,对照组按常规日粮饲喂,研究饲料复合酶制剂和复合酶制剂和益生素混合物添加不同量对陕北白绒山羊生产性能的影响.结果表明,经过73 d的饲喂试验,6个试验组平均增重均高于对照组,其中试验5组与对照组相比,增重增加1.73 kg,增加40.9％,差异极显著（P＜0.01）.试验2组比对照组多增重1.68kg,增加39.72％,差异显著（P＜0.05）.     

中西医药复方制剂炎瘟清对肉鸽鹅口疮的治疗试验

使用中西药复方制剂(由黄连、黄柏等中药和盐酸环丙沙星组成,也称炙瘟清片)时肉鸽鹅口疮进行了药物防治试验,结果表明,治愈率达到93.3%,其疗效稍高于制霉菌素片,明显高于土霉素片和0.05%硫酸铜溶液.     

Factors Affecting the Readiness and Preparation of Replacement Heifers in Tropical Breeding Environments

The future of beef cattle production in tropical regions is uncertain because of land tenure concerns, threatening the survival of extensive management programmes in these areas of the world. The need to intensify production systems will inevitably lead to changes in the management of replacement animals in existing herds. The present review underlines the main constraints, which in the past could be resolved by the sheer numbers of animals present in beef cattle operations, with replacements reliant only on finding enough heifers to substitute the adult females destined for culling. This scenario is rapidly changing as beef cattle units in tropical regions subdivide to share out the land between as many farmers as possible. Consequently, issues such as the efforts needed to manage the pregnant cow, particularly her nutritional status and its effect on the new‐born calf, the future replacement heifer growing in the presence of the dam, weaning management and procedures required before a heifer can be introduced into a breeding programme, need to be adequately and efficiently addressed by farmers in tropical regions.