核电厂主控室画面设计研究

在现代核电站设计的各个领域,人机界面是人机交互最集中的地方,因此科学合理的人机界面设计显得尤为重要。数字化技术被引入主控系统之后,主控室人机界面发展为以计算机工作站为主,具备更加强大的信息处理能力。本文从数字化画面设计内容,画面显示的应用,具体设计过程中的问题等方面进行了描述,为画面设计和人因结合提供一定的借鉴。     

基于人因分析的核电厂综合画面设计研究

核电厂控制室的人机接口是运行人员与系统交互的主要媒介,近年来人机接口设计中越来越多地引入了人因分析。画面是人机接口设计的重要内容之一,其设计的合理性直接影响了操纵员的效率及核电厂系统功能的实现。本文基于人机接口设计审查导则NUREG-0700,结合福建福清核电厂画面设计,研究了核电厂综合画面的设计方法 ,优化了画面的设计,提高了人机交互的效率。     

压水堆核电厂堆芯装料临界安全监督试验

<正>在核燃料组件装入堆芯的过程中,对堆芯必须进行有效地临界安全监督,以确保装料操作过程中,反应堆始终处于次临界状态,确保燃料组件在堆芯的位置和方向与经批准的设计堆芯装载图保持一致,同时避免燃料组件发生机械损伤。1装料前的准备(1)所有电厂系统均已达到堆芯装料所需的状态,装卸料机正常可用;(2)堆芯装载图和堆芯装料程序已经经主管领导和国家核安全局审批通过;(3)一回路硼浓度CB≥2100ppm;     

反应堆下部支承组件吊具设计与计算

下部支承组件是反应堆堆内重要构件,在反应堆初装或者复装时,需要采用专用工具将其从存放处吊入反应堆内进行安装。本文针对反应堆内的特殊环境和下部支承组件的具体工况设计了一套专用吊具,并对该吊具的重要承力部件进行了力学分析与校核,该吊具已成功研制并在核电站中投入使用,结果表明其设计合理、性能可靠、使用方便。     

视觉导航的四轴飞行器控制系统设计

本文以四轴飞行器为基础来研究无人机(UAV)以成为当前研究热点,为实现四轴飞行器的能够自主飞行,设计了相应的视觉导航系统。飞行控制部分采用四元数解算姿态,运用经典的PID控制设计了X、Y、Z三个轴的PID控制器进行整个系统的飞行控制。导航方面则融合了惯性导航与视觉导航,提高导航精度。     

基于FPGA的数字化棒控技术研究

本文介绍了将FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array现场可编程逻辑阵列)技术应用于反应堆棒控系统的概况。利用FPGA丰富的逻辑资源,编程的灵活性等特点来实现反应堆棒控系统的复杂逻辑电路,电路结构简单明了,将大量复杂的逻辑电路集成到一块FPGA芯片中,提高了系统的可靠性与稳定性,解决了原有模拟电路的很多固有缺陷,提高了系统的抗干扰性能,实现了设备数字化与小型化。     

田湾核电站换料机工作速度和流程优化改进

在田湾核电站过渡到长周期换料的过程中,堆芯中逐年使用新型燃料组件替换旧型燃料组件,由于新型燃料组件结构的变化,设计中允许以更高的速度进行装卸。为配合田湾核电站长周期换料新型燃料组件的投用,田湾核电站根据燃料组件类型、换料模式的不同,对换料机装卸料过程中的工作速度、工艺流程进行优化改进,以提高装卸料的速度并使运输工艺更加趋于合理;同时对优化的效果进行核算,计算出每一步优化所带来的时间节省。优化的主要任务有:根据反应堆中燃料组件的布置特点以更高的速度抽出/装入燃料组件、在反应堆内转运燃料组件时采用新的运输位置、摄像杆的旋转包括过运输廊道的角度选择、三机构同时动作的实现。将以上这些优化融合到各个工艺循环中将产生多种逻辑算法,同时兼顾原有的安全闭锁保护,从而在保障安全可靠的基础上,实现最优化。     

建筑物隔震消能结构设计分析

国内中低层隔震建筑物发展已渐成熟,国外由铅心橡胶隔震组件与消能组件组合或多种隔震组件组合(如滑动隔震组件、磨擦单摆隔震组件、滚动隔震组件)所构成之隔震系统经多次地震验证其性能,证实可行,并使用于超高层建筑物;国内现阶段采用隔震系统之超高层建筑物受日本影响已见起步,本文特以日本大阪西梅田大楼、南堀江大楼两栋超高层建筑为例,说明超高层隔震建筑之设计、施工与品管等原则,作为国内推动超高层隔震建筑设计与施工之参考.     

核电厂数字化系统人机界面的设计

随着数字化技术的发展,DCS系统在核电领域的应用正处于上升的趋势,控制室的信息显示内容和显示方式发生了重大变化,有效地改善了人机接口。本文从数字化控制室人机界面设计原则、人机界面的详细设计、显示画面设计以及画面设计中的人因工程原则几个方面进行了描述。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.