《中药药剂学》课程综合性设计性实验的教学探讨

对中药药剂学综合性、设计性实验内容、实践过程进行了阐述和分析,其目的是阐明开设综合性、设计性实验的作用,对培养学生的创新能力、设计能力和实践能力有着重要作用和意义。     

基于CDIO理念的药剂学实验教学改革与创新人才培养

为了培养高等院校药学专业学生的动手能力、创新能力,及学习的主动性和积极性,提高药剂学实验的教学效果,结合CDIO的教学理念,改革现有的药剂学实验教学内容、优化教学方法及评价体系,使得学生的综合素质及创新能力大大提高,为培养高素质、高能力的新型药学人才打下坚实的基础。     

动物微生物课程实验教学改革与学生创新能力的培养

实验教学是动物微生物课程教学的一个重要组成部分,也是生物检验生产岗位的重要技能之一,同时在培养畜牧兽医专业学生创新能力方面起着重要作用。笔者介绍了动物微生物课程实验指导书的修订、实验内容和教学方法的改革、实验设施的完善、开放实验室的建立以及实验考核体系的改革等举措,并对学生创新能力的培养进行了初步探索与实践。     

《细胞生物学》课程实验教学内容、方法及考核方式的改革与实践

《细胞生物学》课程是一门实验性很强的学科,实验课程既是其重要的组成部分,又是其发展的基础,它对于学生实践动手能力和实践创新能力的培养具有重要意义.结合多年的教学经验,从教学内容、教学方法和考核方式等方面对《细胞生物学》课程实验教学进行了改革,旨在调动学生学习的主动性和积极性,进一步培养学生的动手能力和科研创新能力.     

土木工程材料课程学生创新能力的培养

木工程材料是土木工程专业一门重要的专业基础课,通过该课程教学,不仅要让学生掌握材料的基本知识,还需要培养其实践能力和创新能力。采用课堂教学、课程作业、课程实验和开展课外科技活动相结合的系统措施和方法,在实践中不断进行改革和探索,增加学生学习专业课程的兴趣,培养学生实践创新能力。     

土木工程材料课程学生创新能力的培养

木工程材料是土木工程专业一门重要的专业基础课，通过该课程教学，不仅要让学生掌握材料的基本知识，还需要培养其实践能力和创新能力。采用课堂教学、课程作业、课程实验和开展课外科技活动相结合的系统措施和方法，在实践中不断进行改革和探索，增加学生学习专业课程的兴趣，培养学生实践创新能力。     

电工电子技术实验教学改革探索与实践

实验教学是高等学校人才培养的重要环节,对学生实践与创新能力的培养具有重要的作用。针对电工电子技术课程存在着内容多,授课和实验学时少的矛盾,对电工电子技术实验教材、实验内容、实验方法、实验考核四个方面进行分析,总结出适合现代教学手段和教学对象的教学法,培养了学生科技意识和兴趣,有效地提高学生的实践能力和创新能力。实践表明改革后的实验教学方法可行。     

基于特色专业建设与创新人才培养模式下的《兽医药剂学》高阶创新与教学实践

《兽医药剂学》是研究畜禽专用药物制剂的基本理论、处方设计、制备工艺、质量控制和合理应用等内容的一门综合性技术科学,是动物医学和动物药学专业培养方案中的核心课程。基于我院特色专业建设与创新型人才培养的新要求,我们尝试将本学院的优势科研学科网络药理学和表观遗传药理学与兽医药剂学相结合,旨在实现《兽医药剂学》教学的高阶创新,提升该课程的创新性和挑战度,培养学生的创新精神,提高学生的综合素质,对于新型兽药制剂的研发和指导临床合理用药等方面亦具有重要意义。     

关于兽医药剂学实验室管理的思考

兽医药剂学是动物医学专业一门实践性和应用性很强的专业基础课,兽医药剂学实验教学在整个课程教学中占有非常重要的地位。论文从实验课程改革、实验室制度的规范化、实验室日常管理等方面对药剂学实验室的工作进行了探讨。     

动物药学专业药剂学实验教学改革初探

动物药学专业人才已逐渐成为各大兽药GMP企业亟需的人力资源,而药剂学是该专业的核心主干课程,其实验教学异常重要。笔者根据人才培养方案,对近3个年级的药剂学实验教学改革进行了积极探索,激发了学生的探知欲,锻炼了实践能力的同时也培养了创新能力,为今后从事相关科学研究和兽药的生产研发打下了坚实的基础。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …