CP600全范围模拟机交流供电系统的技术改造

全范围模拟机是核电厂操纵员培训和考试的主要工具,保证模拟机的安全、稳定运行十分重要。模拟机的交流供电系统作为模拟机设备的动力来源,它的技术性能和质量直接影响模拟机的正常运行。通过对CP600全范围模拟机交流供电系统进行的技术改造,排除了因模拟机长期高负荷运行而产生的缺陷和隐患,提升了模拟机交流供电系统的操作和维护性能。所获得的经验也可供其它核电厂参考。     

面向培训的CP600全范围模拟机预防性维修策略优化

根据培训使用的需求,通过对模拟机培训任务及不同参训人员的行为特点等培训要素的细致研究,结合CP600全范围模拟机本身软、硬件设备性能特性,采用先进的RCM策略,对CP600全范围模拟机的预防性维修策略进行优化,以达到占用培训的纠正性维修机时合理可行尽量少的目的。     

CEPR全范围模拟机通信方式介绍

台山核电全范围模拟机作为国内第一台CEPR模拟机,组成包括多个拥有教员控制功能的平台和实现特定功能的子系统。阐述了集成平台和其他平台及子系统的通信方式,并介绍了各平台和子系统内部通信方式。     

核电厂定期试验管理系统功能设计

核电厂定期试验管理工作是电厂执照文件《核安全相关系统和设备定期试验监督要求》有效执行、电厂系统和设备的功能满足核安全要求的必要手段。目前某核电厂定期试验管理由人工完成,效率低易产生人为误差,针对这一问题,本文根据定期试验管理需求设计了定期试验管理系统,对福清核电厂构建定期试验管理系统有实践意义,对同行电厂具有推广意义。     

核电厂计量器具检定/校准工作探讨

根据计量法规要求,计量器具检定/校准工作具有强制性、周期性两大特点,由于核电厂工作的特殊性,计量工作还具有辐射性和紧急性,部分检定数据会直接影响到机组运行甚至核安全;同时由于核电厂厂址通常选择在相对偏僻的地方,若所处地区计量机构检定/校准能力无法满足核电厂计量检定/校准需求时,核电厂将面临送检费用高、检定周期长等问题,从而导致计量检定/校准工作响应不及时,无法满足核电厂管理要求,给核电厂主线工作及量值传递带来安全隐患。本文从探讨核电厂计量工作的特殊性及难点并结合省内外计量机构送检实践,提出昌江核电厂计量管理建议及解决措施。     

核电厂电气调试准备与实施

核电厂由于其对核安全有特殊要求,所以在系统设备安装和调试时需满足一系列的管理程序要求。本文以国内目前建造运行最多的M310堆型为例对核电厂电气调试的主要内容、调试准备、计划以及调试实施过程控制等进行了总结介绍。     

基于模糊控制的嵌入式孵化机温控系统设计

为了解决传统孵化机PID温度调节的滞后性和误差大的问题,笔者提出模糊PID算法控制策略,采用高精度传感器DS18B20进行温度采集,通过脉冲调功实现温度调节。系统以32位高性能处理器为控制器,移植ucos_Ⅲ操作系统进行多任务管理,对操作系统移植、温度采集与控制及报警系统等任务的软件设计进行了分析。结果表明:该系统调温具有响应快、精度高的特点。     

仿制设备在秦山核电厂全范围模拟机上的开发与应用

本文对秦山核电厂全范围模拟机的概况与盘装设备分类、控制信号类型进行了简述,就目前模拟机盘装设备出现的问题进行分析汇总,针对盘装设备存在的问题探索解决途径,研发仿制设备。并就仿制手操器如何达到预期目标做了详细方案,对研发过程与结果进行了全面解析,阐明了仿制设备的便利与优点。     

核电厂反应堆保护系统设计准则

反应堆保护系统是核电厂重要的安全系统。它对于限制核电厂事故的发展、减轻事故后果,保证反应堆及核电厂设备和人员的安全、防止放射性物质向周围环境的释放具有十分重要的作用。本文将阐明反应堆保护系统需满足的设计准则。     

SLAB模型在核电厂厂址安全影响评价中的应用研究

核电厂附近的潜在外部人为事件危险源对核电厂安全的影响越来越受到人们关注,因此需要选择合适的模型和方法进行评价.SLAB模型可以计算重气在大气中的扩散,可以用于核电厂厂址附近有毒有害重质气体的扩散计算.文章通过我国某核电厂附近液氯储罐泄漏事故的实例计算得出,在保守考虑储罐全破裂时,如危险品储用企业能及时采取应急措施,在短...     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.