不同试样分解液处理方法对饲料总磷测定的影响研究

参考GB/T6437-2002饲料中总磷的测定——分光光度法,用一种浓缩饲料和一种配合饲料进行总磷检测。结果为试样溶解液呈浑浊时,过夜放置沉淀,吸澄清液进行检测,检测结果更准确、可靠。如果试样溶解液清亮,采取当天检测或过夜放置沉淀,检测结果均一致。该试验方法对饲料总磷的检测是一个很好的补充。     

饲料磷酸盐中磷含量的三种检测方法比较分析

本研究旨在比较磷钼酸喹啉重量法、磷钼酸喹啉容量法和分光光度法测定无机饲料磷酸盐中总磷和水溶磷含量的差异。试验一选用5个不同的饲料级磷酸盐样品,选取不同检测机构,采用磷钼酸喹啉重量法、磷钼酸喹啉容量法和分光光度法3种方法分别检测其总磷、水溶磷含量。结果表明,采用分光光度法测定的总磷和水溶磷含量低于重量法和容量法,而重量法与容量法之间检测结果差异不显著。试验二选用31个不同的饲料级磷酸盐样品,比较重量法和容量法测定的总磷含量差异。结果表明,采用重量法与容量法检测总磷结果差异不显著。以上表明,分光光度法不适宜用于检测饲料级磷酸盐产品;容量法简单、快速,可替代重量法用于饲料企业对饲料级磷酸盐的实际品控化验分析。     

规模化畜禽养殖场产生的废水污染物调查

本研究用国家规定的检测方法,检测了畜禽养殖场废水中的重金属、BOD5、COD、氨氮、总磷等污染物含量,并用单因子和综合指数评价法对其危害性进行     

近红外光谱技术可准确评估家禽饲料原料的植酸磷含量

为确定常规家禽饲料成分中的总磷和植酸磷含量,巴基斯坦、美国、丹麦的大学和饲料公司联合进行的一项研究中采用了近红外光谱技术(NIRS)进行检测。研究人员从美国和加拿大的家禽生产商采集了8种植物来源的饲料原料样品:玉米、豆粕、DDGS、烘焙副产品、小麦、小麦粗粉、菜籽粕、小麦次粉。样品采用标准湿化学技术检测总磷和植酸磷含量。他们发现大多数原料成分存在较大的变化。总磷的实验室检测值与     

富含乳脂肪球膜蛋白乳清粉中总磷脂的含量测定方法研究

建立富含乳脂肪球膜蛋白乳清粉中测定总磷脂的方法,采用甲醇-三氯甲烷提取,经过高温灼烧,用钼蓝比色法测定无机磷的含量,再乘以系数26.31折算成试样中总磷脂的含量,该法标曲线性关系良好(R2=0.9990),回收率＞90%,RSD<3%。该法简单,准确率高,可用于富含乳脂肪球膜蛋白中总磷脂的测定。     

酸蒸馏-离子色谱法快速测定配合饲料中的氟

本文建立酸蒸馏-离子色谱检测配合饲料中氟的方法,通过微波密闭消解提取,在体积分数分别为37.5%浓硝酸和25%双氧水高温高压体系中,将饲料中的氟及化合物快速转化成氟离子,再用离子色谱法检测,保留时间(RT)定性,峰面积定量,最后计算出饲料中的总磷含量。用该方法检测饲料中氟的质量浓度,检出限为0.01 mg/L。以1 g的称样量计算,最低检出限为1.5 mg/kg。用该方法检测多种配合饲料样品,结果与国家标准《饲料中氟的测定离子选择性电极法》GB/T 13083-2018的要求无显著差异。用该方法检测氟,离子RT的重复性相对标准偏差小于0.5%,样品添加回收率在85%以上,重复性相对标准偏差小于2.5%。结论为用该方法可以快速准确地检测配合饲料中的氟。     

规模猪场不同季节保育猪、肥育猪及繁殖母猪尿液特性分析

研究检测了规模猪场在不同季节中不同阶段猪尿液特性。结果表明:季节对保育猪尿液中pH、COD(化学需氧量)、氨氮、凯氏氮、总磷、铜、锌含量影响显著,对肥育猪尿液中pH、COD、氨氮、凯氏氮、总磷、铜含量影响显著,对繁殖母猪尿液中pH、COD、凯氏氮、总磷、铜、锌含量影响显著;春季,保育猪、肥育猪和繁殖母猪尿液中检测指标差异显著,除pH以繁殖母猪最高、且与肥育猪和保育猪差异极显著外,COD、氨氮、凯氏氮、总磷、铜含量都以保育猪最高、且与肥育猪和繁殖母猪差异显著或极显著;夏季,3个阶段猪只的pH、氨氮、凯氏氮、铜差异显著;秋季,3个阶段猪只的pH、COD、凯氏氮、铜和锌差异显著;冬季,3个阶段猪只的COD、总磷、铜和锌差异极显著,且都以保育猪含量最高,除总磷含量保育猪与肥育猪间差异不显著外,保育猪的COD、铜和锌含量都与肥育猪和繁殖母猪阶段形成极显著差异。     

分光光度法测定饲料级磷酸盐中总磷含量

研究应用钒钼酸铵-分光光度法测定饲料级磷酸氢钙及磷酸二氢钙中总磷含量的方法,称取0.25 g样品,加10 mL钒钼酸铵显色剂,显色30 min,在400 nm处比色后,用一元线性回归法算出总磷含量,该方法准确度高,重现性好,较国家标准GB/T 22548-2008和GB/T 22549-2008中喹钼柠酮质量法简便和快速。     

间隔流动分析法测定畜禽养殖场废水中总磷试验

试验采用Skalar间隔流动分析法测定畜禽废水中总磷的浓度,并对该方法的可靠性进行了验证。结果表明,低浓度和高浓度两个范围内,该方法的线性相关系数分别在0.99968~0.99988和0.99982~0.99993之间,加标回收率为91.5%~101.3%;采用国家有证标样和随机样品检验该方法的精密度和准确度,结果表明:该方法精密度、准确度良好,且与国标方法无显著性差异。     

猪场粪污中氮磷及悬浮物的深度处理研究与分析

对集约化猪场粪污采用减量化用水、固液分离、厌氧发酵、二级(A/O)生物降解和净化剂添加的深度处理技术路线,研究和分析污水中氮磷及悬浮物的处理效果,采集猪场厌氧发酵沼液、处理厂出水进行检测和分析。检测结果表明:经厌氧发酵处理后沼液的氨氮、总磷、悬浮物的平均值分别达到:612.8,68.5,1 767.5。沼液再经过二级A/O和化学混凝工艺等深度处理后,最终出水的氨氮、总磷、悬浮物的平均值分别达到:50.7,19.6,48.4,平均降解率分别达到91.7%,71.4%,97.3%。出水污染物浓度大大降低,达到了较为理想的处理结果。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。