起飞绿色带试飞方法研究

本文以某型民用飞机为背景,阐述了确定飞机起飞绿色带的重要性,在起飞绿色带相关适航要求的基础上,给出了相应的试飞方法,可应用于民用飞机起飞绿色带相关条款的适航验证。     

起飞绿色带试飞数据分析流程

本文以某型民用飞机为背景,阐述了确定起飞绿色带的必要性和重要性。在此基础上,介绍了起飞绿色带试飞数据分析流程,可应用于民用飞机的设计、验证。     

民机刹车系统发展研究

飞机刹车系统是保证飞机安全起飞和着陆的关键,对飞机刹车系统的研究具有重要意义。通过分析研究波音系列飞机和空客系列飞机的刹车系统,研究当前民用飞机常用的刹车系统,得到了民用飞机刹车系统的发展历程及发展趋势。我国民用飞机现正处于起步阶段,对我国民用飞机刹车系统的研制具有一定指导意义。     

民用飞机尾舱温度场仿真模拟

本文提供了基于三维模拟软件CFdesign软件进行的民用飞机尾舱的温度场仿真模拟,计算了极热天环境下高原地面和巡航两种工况的尾舱温度场,获取了尾舱内部温度场分布和EMP周围环境温度,并分析了尾舱内部和EMP周围的环境温度是否符合要求,为尾舱设备优化布置提供参考。本文介绍了民用飞机尾舱温度场仿真模拟计算方法,并对模拟结果进行了分析讨论,可以为民用飞机尾舱设计提供一定的参考。     

民用飞机假设温度减推力起飞研究与仿真

本文基于涡轮发动机通用特性的原理分析了假设温度减推力起飞的理论依据,阐述了假设温度减推力起飞方法的本质,设计了民机假设温度减推力起飞的参数调定及计算方法,并以某民用运输机为例,对其减推力起飞和正常起飞过程进行仿真研究和对比,证明了减推力起飞方案的安全性、可行性和经济性,可为起飞策略的优化提供参考。     

民用飞机减推力起飞方法分析

根据飞机实际运营的情况,本文介绍了民用飞机减推力起飞常用的等级减推法和灵活温度法,并且与适航实际要求相结合。由于灵活温度法泛用性更好,本文还具体分析了在使用过程中如何确定灵活温度上下限的方法和使用灵活温度起飞的逻辑,可以作为实际运营的参考。     

民用飞机泄压载荷影响因素研究

为了比较不同因素对民用飞机泄压载荷的影响,本文利用Simulink仿真软件建立了民用飞机全机增压舱的一维动态仿真模型;对发生突然泄压情况下各个增压舱的瞬态压力分布进行了仿真;重点研究了舱室体积和舱室间流通面积等参数对泄压载荷的影响。该仿真结果为后续飞机泄压载荷优化方案提供了参考,具有重要的现实意义。     

飞机机翼液压导管应力验证技术探讨

为验证飞机液压导管设计是否符合适航条款要求,需对飞机液压导管应力进行符合性验证。本文对民用飞机机翼液压导管应力验证方法进行了探讨。首先给出了计算机有限元仿真分析验证方法,并提出了仿真计算注意事项。其次给出了导管应力验证试验方法与潜在的试验方案。基于以上探讨,提出一种仿真与试验结合的机翼液压导管应力水平验证技术方案。     

基于机电综合的民用飞机水废水系统构架建模初步分析

本文首先介绍了民用飞机机电综合技术以及水废水系统的研究现状,然后以某型号民用飞机为例,依据该型号飞机水废水系统的系统功能需求,进一步提取出一种基于机电综合的水废水系统电气架构,最后在MATLAB仿真软件中,建立了基于机电综合构架的水废水系统的初级电气仿真模型,并初步论证了所搭建仿真模型的可行性。     

民用飞机液压系统软件仿真测试方法

基于Lab VIEW虚拟仪器开发工具开发出一套软件逻辑仿真测试平台,用于某型号民用飞机液压能源系统软件逻辑的测试和验证。该仿真测试平台可以模拟飞机液压能源系统软件控制逻辑、机组告警系统(CAS)和简图页(HSP)显示逻辑,并且能够提供被测逻辑所需的各相关系统接口信号及电气、物理仿真信号,从而实现了以液压能源系统软件逻辑测试为目标的民用飞机全系统仿真测试。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.