孕期双酚A暴露对雄性子代大鼠生殖损伤的研究

本研究采用组织化学和酶联免疫吸附剂测定(ELISA)方法探讨孕期双酚A暴露对子代大鼠的生殖毒性作用。将15只妊娠0 d的雌性SD大鼠随机分为3组,分别灌胃50μL含0、1、10 mg/kg体重双酚A的橄榄油。分娩出的雄性子代大鼠生长至8周龄,取睾丸、附睾、精囊腺及前列腺称重,并制作组织切片观察组织结构的变化;取睾丸,测定抗氧化能力;取附睾,检测精子品质。结果显示,双酚A显著降低睾丸、附睾、精囊腺及前列腺的重量,抑制器官发育及睾丸精子发生;降低抗氧化酶活性、升高活性氧含量,破坏抗氧化能力;造成精子品质下降。     

牛膝多糖对炔雌醚致大鼠生精损伤的保护作用研究

为研究牛膝多糖对炔雌醚(Quinestrol)致雄性大鼠生殖损伤的保护作用,以20只8周龄成年雄性SD大鼠为研究对象。随机分为4组,分别进行炔雌醚与牛膝多糖处理。试验结束后,取睾丸、附睾、精囊腺和前列腺称重,取精子检测品质,测定睾丸抗氧化酶活性并观察睾丸形态与组织结构,检测Tunel表达。结果表明,炔雌醚引起大鼠生殖器官重量减少,形态萎缩,组织结构异常,精子数量和品质下降,抗氧化酶活性降低;Tunel表达增加。而炔雌醚+牛膝多糖处理组睾丸抗氧化酶活性升高,Tunel表达减少,降低精子畸形、提高精子数量和品质,缓解生精小管损伤,提高生殖器官重量,最终改善雄性大鼠生殖功能。与对照组相比,单独牛膝多糖处理组睾丸抗氧化酶活性、组织结构和精子质量均有一定程度提高。综上表明,牛膝多糖有效抑制了炔雌醚对生殖功能的破坏作用,对雄性生殖功能具有改善作用。     

玉米赤霉烯酮通过干扰内分泌系统造成性成熟雄性大鼠生殖损伤

玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA),作为一种环境类雌激素物,其对动物及人体健康具有潜在的危害。尤其是,ZEA可能会导致人类不孕不育症。本试验中,给予性成熟的雄性SD大鼠每公斤单次腹腔注射5 mg/kg的ZEA,在随后的48 h内观察检测。可见大鼠血清睾酮(T)和促黄体生成素(LH)在6 h极显著降低,而血清LH在随后12 h又极其显著升高;睾丸环腺苷酸(cAMP)在6 h同样显著下降;同时,睾丸LHR,Star,p450scc,3β-hsd-1 mRNA表达水平在注射ZEA后6 h显著下调。总之,本研究可以得出单次腹腔注射ZEA可能通过扰乱内分泌系统,影响胆固醇合成中关键酶的基因表达,进而抑制睾酮生成,最终造成生殖系统短暂性的损伤。     

芩丹颗粒对热损伤雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响

为了观察芩丹颗粒对热损伤雄性大鼠生殖功能的影响,并探讨其初步机制,将清洁级Wistar大鼠100只,随机分成正常对照组,模型组,芩丹颗粒大、中、小剂量组,除正常对照组外,将其余各组大鼠置于42℃高温环境1 h/d,连续14 d。高温暴露前,芩丹颗粒大、中、小剂量组灌胃给药芩丹颗粒10 g/kg、20 g/kg、40 g/kg体重,连续30 d,高温暴露后进行大鼠性行为能力的观察,精子相对计数、精子畸形率、精子死亡率;血清中氧化损伤等指标的检测。结果:与正常对照组比较,模型组42℃高温暴露7 d,14 d后大鼠的扑捉潜伏期(Capture incubation period,CIP)显著延长、扑捉次数(Capture times,Ct)显著减少(P<0.05);精子相对计数明显减少(P<0.05);精子畸形率和死亡率明显增加(P<0.05);血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)的活性显著降低(P<0.05);血清中丙二醛(MDA)的含量显著增加(P<0.05);与模型组比较,芩丹颗粒大剂量组上述指标与正常对照组相比均未见明显变化。表明芩丹颗粒能够保护热损伤雄性大鼠的生殖功能,其作用机制可能与减轻生殖细胞的氧化损伤有关。     

Effects of soya milk on reproductive hormones during puberty in male Wistar rats

Puberty is considered a critical period on development that involved sexual maturation and morphological changes. Isoflavones have been described as endocrine disruptors in male rats. Therefore, the present study attempt to evaluate the effect that daily intake of low and high doses of isoflavones exert into the hormonal regulation that take place during puberty by analyzing the levels of serum and testes steroid and pituitary hormones. 108 male pre‐puberal Wistar rats (30 days old) were randomly divided into three groups; control, low and high doses of isoflavones. Experimental animals were daily dosed orally with low and high doses of a mixture of two soy isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) during 6 weeks. An EIA was performed in serum and testes homogenates for analyzing FSH, LH, P5, P4, DHEA, A4, T, DHT, SO4E1 and E2 hormone concentrations. Results revealed a decrease of an oestrogen environment in testes stimulates the secretion of FSH and LH leading to the production of androgens in the testes at the onset of puberty. Low doses of isoflavones resulted in a significant increase of testes oestrogens that consequently produced a delay on the onset of puberty; however at high doses of isoflavones the maintained oestrogenic environment in the testes prevent the stimulation of the secretion of pituitary hormones and the production of T abolishing the onset of puberty. These results clarify the hormonal mechanisms that take place on puberty and determine the effect of high and low doses of isoflavones at the onset of puberty.     

氟的生殖毒理学研究进展

生殖毒理学是在毒理学的基础上发展起来的一门学科,它主要研究外来化学物质或其它环境因素对人和动物生殖系统的不良影响及其机理。随着环境污染越来越严重,很多污染物都会引起机体生殖系统产生一定的变化。因此,研究外来刺激物对生殖系统的影响,一方面可对它们的毒性做出全面评价,并对其引起损害的病理过程及机理有进一步的了解;另一方面可以为制定防治措施提供依据。氟是机体必需的一种微量元素,缺乏或过剩均可引起疾病。人们对氟的生殖毒性研究已取得了一些研究成果,认为氟可作用于生殖过程的不同方面和不同阶段而表现出生殖毒性。1氟对…     

Ameliorative effects of oral ginger and/or thyme aqueous extracts on productive and reproductive performance of V‐line male rabbits

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of ginger and/or thyme aqueous extracts administration on the growth rate, caecum activity, reproductive performance and semen quality of rabbits. A total of 24 V‐line male rabbits at the age of 12 weeks were divided randomly into four equal groups (6/each) until 24 weeks of age. Treatments were as follows: drinking fresh water and served as control (G1); drinking water supplemented with 100 mg/kg b. wt. of ginger aqueous extract (G2); drinking water supplemented with 50 mg/kg b. wt. of thyme aqueous extract (G3); drinking water supplemented with 100 mg/kg b. wt. of ginger aqueous extract plus 50 mg/kg b. wt. of thyme aqueous extract (G4). Administration of aqueous thyme extract with 50 mg/kg b. wt. improved (p < 0.001) feed intake and growth performance compared to control. The highest average daily gain (p < 0.001) was found for G3 rabbits followed by G4, G2 and G1 respectively. While the most efficient feed conversion ratio was found in G4. Group 3 and group 4 had significant (p < 0.05) positive effect on caecum pH, ammonia and TVFAs concentration. Data indicated that treated groups had hastened the age with heavier body weight, larger testicular size and higher testosterone level. Also, most semen characteristics (volume, progressive motility, sperm concentration and normal spermatozoa) were higher in treated groups compared with the control group. Furthermore, gathering of the spermatozoa in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules, expanded epithelial cells stature of the epididymis with stuffed lumens with sperms in treated groups. In conclusion, aqueous extracts of ginger and/or thyme can be used as a growth promoter for improving reproductive performance of V‐line male rabbits.     

Role of immunoglobulin and peritoneal phagocytes in the protection of rats against salmonella infection

Intradermal vaccination of rats with heat-killed Salmonella dublin protected against an intraperitoneal challenge of live S dublin. Serum from vaccinated animals administered intraperitoneally protected normal rats against intraperitoneal challenge with S dublin and four other serotypes. Protection was attributed to opsonic antibodies which promoted phagocytosis by mononuclear phagocytes. The opsonin was identified as IgG2a which prevented lysis of macrophages and enabled them to contain the pathogen at the site of infection. In vitro, mononuclear phagocytes killed S dublin for up to two hours after phagocytosis in the presence of immune rat serum.     

Assessment of the reproductive system of the male ruminant.

Physical examination requires very little equipment or expense and is an effective means of obtaining valuable information concerning fertility. Thorough evaluation of the reproductive system provides important information often unattainable by any other means. Disease processes, congenital abnormalities, injuries, management errors, and many other factors can be identified. No segment of the examination should be overlooked, as each part is important. The time invested in evaluating the male reproductive system is rewarded with a more complete and accurate assessment of the breeding male.     

Histochemical detection of glycoconjugates in the male reproductive system of the horse

Lectins are glycoproteins of plant and animal origin that have the ability to bind specific carbohydrate residues of cell glycoconjugates, particularly in terminal positions. In this study, the binding of lectins, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), Bandeiraea simplicifolia BS-1 (isolectin B4), Triticum vulgaris (WGA), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Ulex europaeus (UEA-I), was studied in the reproductive systems of male thoroughbred horses.DBA was detected in the stereocilia of the caput and corpus epididymis, and in the vas deferens. It was weakly detected in connective tissue of the corpus epididymis. Strong SBA staining was seen in epithelial cells in the testis, stereocilia of the corpus and cauda epididymis, and in the vas deferens. There were intense positive reactions for isolectin B4 in interstitial cells in all tissue and serosa of the vas deferens. PNA staining was seen only in stereocilia in the caput and corpus epididymis, and in the vas deferens. Strong WGA staining was seen throughout the testis, except in Sertoli cells, stereocilia, and connective tissue. UEA-I was detected in secondary spermatids, stereocilia, and epithelial cells of the cauda epididymis. These results show that degenerating cells in the testis, epididymal tubules, and vas deferens have differential affinities for lectins, and suggest that lectins play a role in the reproductive system of the horse. The heterogeneity of the lectin staining pattern in the reproductive tubules of adult horses suggests that the carbohydrate composition of each cell type is region specific.     

Some aspects of reproductive function in the male Beagle at puberty

Three male Beagle litter-mates, which were kept in the same environment and fed on the same diet, were studied from 20 to 45 weeks of age. The first ejaculates were obtained at 33 weeks in one and 34 weeks in two of the puppies. Ejaculatory volume, sperm concentration, libido increased quickly and although the early ejaculates contained large numbers of abnormal spermatozoa they soon decreased. By 45 weeks of age the seminal characteristics were comparable with those reported for adults. Plasma testosterone concentrations increased at the time that the first ejaculate was obtained.     

精氨酸对雄性动物繁殖性能的影响

L-精氨酸是氮氧化物(NO)和多胺等生物活性物质合成的前体,具有改善繁殖能力、心血管功能、胃肠道发育及调控免疫功能等多种作用。本文就精氨酸对雄性繁殖能力的影响进行了论述,以期对雄性动物的养殖生产有一定的理论作用。     

牛磺酸对不同月龄雄性大鼠生殖器官指数及生殖激素水平的影响

通过给不同月龄雄性W istar大鼠饮用添加1%牛磺酸或1%β-丙氨酸(牛磺酸转运抑制剂)的自来水,研究牛磺酸对不同月龄雄性大鼠体重、生殖器官指数及生殖激素分泌水平的影响。结果表明:牛磺酸对不同月龄大鼠体重、睾丸指数、前列腺指数没有明显的影响,但显著提高了14月龄大鼠的精囊腺指数;显著提高不同月龄雄性大鼠的血清睾酮水平(P<0.05),对血清促卵泡生成素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)水平没有显著的影响。     

氟对雄性小鼠生殖毒性的试验

氟是动物生长所必需的元素,适量的氟有利于机体预防龋齿、维持钙磷代谢和保持神经冲动传导,但摄入过量的氟可导致机体中毒,引起人和动物机体多系统功能损害,主要表现为氟骨症和氟斑牙,并对人和动物的健康及经济带来了巨大的损害.长期以来,氟中毒的研究主要集中于氟对骨骼、牙齿等骨相组织的损伤,而对非骨相组织的研究很少见到.