鲜菌草与灵芝菌丝发酵菌质多糖提取工艺及其体外抗氧化性

以鲜菌草与灵芝菌丝发酵得到的菌质为试材,采用单因素试验和正交实验对其多糖进行提取,研究了不同的料液比、提取时间、提取温度和提取次数对菌质多糖提取率的影响,获得最优化的提取条件;用Fenton体系和邻苯三酚自氧化体系研究了菌质多糖对羟自由基和超氧自由基清除率的影响。结果表明:影响鲜菌草与灵芝菌丝发酵菌质多糖提取得率的主次因素分别为提取温度料液比提取次数提取时间;最佳提取工艺条件为料液比1∶30g·mL~(-1)、温度100℃、提取时间4h、提取次数3次,以此最佳组合提取鲜菌草与灵芝菌丝发酵菌质多糖时,其得率为4.88%。鲜菌草与灵芝菌丝发酵菌质多糖对羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基有明显的清除作用,并且随着多糖浓度的增加,清除能力增强,表明鲜菌草与灵芝菌丝发酵菌质多糖对羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力与多糖浓度有明显的量效关系。通过相关方程可以得到鲜菌草与灵芝菌丝发酵菌质多糖清除羟基自由基的EC_(50)值为0.461mg·mL~(-1),清除超氧阴离子自由基的EC_(50)值为0.864mg·mL~(-1)。     

食用菌提取多糖对酒精性肝损伤改善测试

近些年对于食用菌抑制血糖和抗氧化等研究很多,结果显示其在医药领域有着很好的应用前景。提取出食用菌中的多糖,并观察其对酒精性肝损伤保护作用。将姬菇作为测试食用菌,经抽滤、干燥和纯化提取出姬菇中的多糖当作实验材料。选取雄性6周龄,体重大约为20 g的小白鼠作为实验对象,将实验鼠随机分成对照组和模型组及多糖组。用蒸馏水和实验样品配制,每天对测试对象灌胃一次,持续30 d。31 d时,每组实验鼠禁饮水和吃食12 h后,模型组用50%的乙醇对实验鼠进行灌胃,构建实验鼠酒精性肝损伤模型。取实验鼠肝经过处理放到冰水中超声破碎并制成10%的肝匀浆用于指标测定,将实验状态观测与相关指标测定结果通过SPSS17.0进行处理及分析。实验结果表明,食用菌多糖对实验鼠体重影响不大,对照组和多糖组无死亡,模型组实验鼠存在死亡情况,死亡时间大概集中在1h^2h,食用菌多糖对酒精性肝损伤保护作用十分明显。     

浙江益圣菌物发展有限公司

本公司是一家专业从事食药用真菌多糖提取及保健食品生产，致力于人类的健康事业和食用菌产业发展的商科技企业，公司由浙江省林科院及著名食用菌专家吴学谦等高层次科技人员发起组建。公司设在世界香菇发原地和全国著名食用菌生产基地的丽水市水阁经济开发区内，厂区占地面积1400m^2，已建成了年提取加工100吨食用菌多糖产品的先进生产线和食用菌单组分纯化多糖中试车间，     

食用菌多糖提取方法研究

食用菌多糖因具有独特的生物学特性而日益受到重视。据文献报道,食用菌多糖分为胞外多糖和胞内多糖,可以用水、酸溶液和碱溶液提取。本研究的目的,旨在探索胞外多糖和胞内多糖提取方法,以及水提取、酸溶液提取和碱溶液提取的提取效果,建立一套既简便又能最大限度地提取菌多糖的方法。     

食用菌多糖特性与保健作用研究新进展

主要从食用菌多糖的组成、提取与纯化、药理作用、应用前景等方面作初步概述。使人们能更全面深入地对食用菌多糖增强人体免疫力作用有所了解，为进一步研究和利用提供参考依据。     

云南三种野生食用菌多糖提取工艺优化及其对比分析

研究以采集自云南省楚雄州的青头菌、鸡油菌,云南省曲靖市马龙县的鸡菌为原材料,设计了正交试验探讨这三种野生食用菌子实体粗多糖的最佳提取方案,在此基础上比较了同一地区的不同野生食用菌子实体所含粗多糖含量的差别,不同地区的不同野生食用菌子实体多糖含量的差别。结果发现楚雄青头菌多糖最佳提取工艺为75℃浸提3 h,料液比为1∶40;楚雄鸡油菌最佳提取工艺为75℃浸提2.5 h,料液比1∶20;马龙鸡菌子实体多糖最佳提取工艺为80℃浸提2 h,料液比1∶20。楚雄青头菌子实体粗多糖提取率高于其他两种野生食用菌子实体粗多糖的提取率。     

食用菌多糖提取及结构修饰技术研究获突破性进展

2005年5月18日，浙江省科技攻关计划项目“食用菌多糖提取及化学修饰技术研究”在杭州通过省级验收和鉴定，经鉴定委员会专家确认，该项成果研究总结出的食用菌多糖提取及化学修饰新技术显著地提高了香菇多糖得率，成功地对香菇多糖进行了结构改性，分析了金耳多糖的结构特性，填补了国内空白，技术水平居国内领先。     

金针菇多糖的提取及生物活性研究进展

金针菇是我国最早进行人工栽培的食用菌之一，也是栽培量最大的食用菌之一。金针菇富含蛋白质、多种矿质元素和微量元素，具有较高的营养价值及保健功能。多糖是金针菇的主要活性成分之一，有调节免疫、抗氧化、抗炎、保肝、抗肿瘤、抗菌等功效。因此优化金针菇多糖的提取纯化工艺，并研究其生物活性对金针菇多糖的综合开发利用具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。本文总结了近些年金针菇多糖提取纯化及其生物活性方面的研究进展，为金针菇多糖的开发应用提供参考。     

酶法结合超声破壁提取香菇水溶性糖和多糖的研究

目的：建立酶法结合超声破壁提取香菇水溶性糖和多糖的最佳工艺。方法：采用单因次实验法筛选香菇破壁提取的最佳酶制剂、研究超声对香菇水溶性糖提取的影响;正交实验法优化酶结合超声提取的最佳工艺条件。结果：食用菌水解酶的破壁效率最高,用量比传统酶下降了0．5％;最佳工艺条件是食用菌水解酶用量A01为0．7％、A02为0.5％,酶解时间A01为3．5h、A02为5h,料液比1：35,超声功率600W、超声时间30min、频率20kHz,水溶性糖提取率达30％,其中多糖提取率达23％。目的：食用菌水解酶是一种值得推广的新型酶制剂,建立的最佳工艺可应用于香菇多糖、香菇抽提物等产品的生产。     

西藏地区几种野生食用菌粗多糖的提取与测定

采用水提醇沉法提取12种野生食用菌粗多糖，粗多糖得率为2．01％～7．12％，粗多糖纯度为11．80％～82．99％。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Influence of Sini decoction on the proliferation and apoptosis of artery smooth muscle cells after balloon injury

AIM: To investigate the influence of Sini decoction (SND) on the proliferation and apoptosis of rabbit abdominal aorta smooth muscle cells after ballon injury and discuss the effect of vascular smooth muscle cell's (VSMCs) proliferation and apoptosis in post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) restenosis (RS) and the feasibility of SND preventing post-PCI RS. METHODS: The animal model of rabbit abdominal aorta ballon injury was set up and the therapertic group was treated with SND. The shape of proliferative and apoptotic cell were investigated by electron microscope. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed using α-actin,PCNA and Cyclin E monoclonal antibodies. In situ Cell Death Detection Kit was used to identify apoptotic cells. Abdomial aorta angiography was operated in the 84th day subgroup and the stenosis degree was evalued by quantitative angiographic analysis. RESULTS: As compared with the control group, the therapeutic group displayed a lower proliferative percentage and a higher apoptosic percentage (P<0.05). Moreover, the apoptosic peek time was on the 14th day after operation,which was longer than the control group. CONCLUSION: SND effectly inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs and iuduced apoptosis in VSMCs.