Crown Density and Growth Relationships Between Stands of Picea abies in Norway

Relationships between the crown density and growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) stands are presented, after removal of the effects of major natural influences. Crown density was assessed annually from 1991 to 1996 on 569 monitoring plots comprising 40000 trees. Stand growth was determined from measurements of diameter and height in 1991 and 1996. Various models explaining mean crown density and annual growth of the stands as a function of natural factors, such as age and site index, were compared. The influence of the natural factors was then removed by recalculating crown density to residual values from one preferred model, and by recalculating growth to relative values given as a percentage of model predictions. Crown density and its residuals were positively correlated to growth. These relationships were weak in terms of their ability to explain variation (low R²). However, the various relationships consistently indicated that approximately 1% change in crown density corresponded to 1% change in growth. This relationship also included common spatial variation over Norway: a large part of south - east Norway had unexplained low crown density and unexplained low growth. Some other, smaller regional consistencies were also found. The study supports the use of crown density assessments and encourages the use of growth data in the search for major stress factors responsible for present forest condition.     

森林经营分析与评价——以连平县黄牛石林场为例

以连平县黄牛石林场为例,通过对其经营环境的利弊、森林资源与分类经营情况进行分析,并对林场当前森林经营现状评价和林业系统诊断,得出最适合的结构决策。     

森林经营方案编制中的冲突与协调

阐述了在编制森林经营方案过程中遇到的冲突问题,通过分析冲突的起因和表现,指出我国森林经营方案编制中没有或较少有公众参与,各相关利益者之间缺少交流与沟通。通过对冲突中相关利益者的分析,提出了一套基于森林经营方案编制的公众参与程序,指出公众参与森林经营方案编制可协调冲突并能提高经营方案的质量和实践性。     

浅谈黑龙江科技学院电子信息楼工程业主质量管理体系

针对黑龙江科技学院电子信息楼工程的特点,总结了业主方质量管理存在的主要问题,并从业主方的角度对设计、监理、施工等方面进行分析,针对业主如何提高工程的质量管理提出了具体的措施和建议。     

新时期森林防火监测与预警系统建设研究

为了更好地预防和处置森林火灾,有效控制各类新型风险源,保障林业资源的安全,引进高新技术是森林防火工作新的发展趋势.通过对森林防火背景与现状的分析,论证了新时期森林防火监测与预警系统建设的必要性,阐述了其建设目标、主要技术方案及系统设计等方面的内容,以期达到防火工作早部署、火情信息早发现、森林火灾早处置的目的,为新时期的...     

害虫管理决策中的经济分析

害虫管理决策的经济分析是现代害虫管理理论和实践的重要组成部分。本文综述了60年代以来此领域的一些研究进展,主要包括:①经济阈值理论;②边际分析理论与损益分析技术的应用;③决策理论的应用;④行为模型;⑤对策论的应用探讨;⑥模糊决策,灰色决策等的应用展望。     

SWOT analyses and SWOT strategy formulation for forest owner cooperations in Austria

Forest owner cooperations (FOC) are bundling wood supply from small-scale forests and some also offer additional services, such as wood harvesting or planting. FOCs are growing throughout Europe in terms of the managed timber volume. The increasing timber demand of forest-based industries as well as the new, rapidly growing demand for energy plants could lead to an under-supply in the following years in Europe. Because of high harvesting arrears in small-scale forests, FOCs are seen as an opportunity to overcome this foreseen timber shortage. The paper maps out timber mobilisation strategies using the SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) approach.

浅析云南森林植被恢复和保护技术

对云南省“天保”工程县 (局 )级实施方案编制中森林分类区划经营和管理技术进行分析 ,提出一些值得探讨的问题和建议 ,为云南森林植被恢复和保护及云南“天保”工程的顺利实施提供多方位的技术论证     

Non‐industrial private forest owners' decision process: A qualitative study about goals,time perspective,opportunities and alternatives

In the Nordic countries, the non‐industrial private forest (NIPF) owners play an important role in the roundwood market, and are essential to the successful implementation of environmental policies. We know little about the owners as managers, however; about their goals, procedures for identifying cutting opportunities, or the selection of buyers and price options. To study these issues, I have used a qualitative method, based on personal interviews with 35 owners. The results show that an overriding objective, influencing the cutting patterns of the owners, is to preserve and develop the property. A variety of formal and informal economic, production and environmental, and intangible goals are influenced by this overriding objective. In addition to relying on their own observations of price changes and the recommendations of the forest management plan, owners identify cutting opportunities through neighbours, friends, timber buyers, or extension rangers. Usually the owner uses the same selling form from one time to the next. Dissatisfaction with the result of the last cutting, however, may trigger a search for new options.     

关于森林健康及其经营的思考

森林健康是森林经营的一种新理念,也是新时期森林经营的方向和目标。提出了森林健康的概念、内涵和森林健康经营的实质,分析了国内外森林健康经营的实践,探讨了森林健康经营的途径与方法。     

论自然资源管理中的利益群体分析方法

利益群体分析(Stakeholder Analysis)是自然资源管理中一种很有用的方法.本文在对利益群体分析方法概述的基础上,简要介绍了自然资源管理中利益群体分析的步骤以及利益群体分析方法的优缺点,并就利益群体分析方法的应用简单作了小结.     

适应价格的用材林主伐决策模型的研究

本文研究了木材价格的变化为一自相关随机过程时用材林采伐的随机决策分析问题,分析了用材林经营决策中的不确定性因素及其对经营决策的影响,建立了一个针对主伐的木材市场价格随机变动的适应价格的主伐决策模型,利用动态规划求得在一个给定决策期内的主伐最优经营策略,对应这个策略有一个最大的期望效益。并进一步分析了在价格波动情况下和不同贷款利率下的最优策略。     

青海森林可持续经营研究——以东峡林场为例

森林经营是林业可持续发展的保证,基于青海省东峡林场森林资源的现状,提出东峡林场森林可持续经营的措施。     

国内森林经营认证现状简述及认证常见问题

森林认证在世界范围内发展迅速,《中华人民共和国森林法》(第十五次修订,2020年7月1日起实施)鼓励自愿申请森林认证,但目前国内森林认证仍存在市场需求较小和认知度不高等问题.在认证过程中,认证主体较易出现不符合项的地方主要集中在环境影响评估等方面.     

Working Toward Effective Policy Processes in Panama Canal Watershed National Parks

Summary

In the Panama Canal Watershed, the formulation and implementation of national park management policies has yet to realize all of the conservation, recreation, and educational goals set for the parks. We identify two underlying conditions that contribute to this breakdown in the policy process. First, national park management policies are based on the traditional United States national park model rather than on a model tailored to the unique ecological and social context of the Canal Watershed. Second, the structure and dynamics of participating institutions do not support effective decision making processes. This paper utilizes the policy science framework to provide a detailed analysis of these obstacles to effective park management and gives recommendations for improving the objectives for, decision processes concerning, and participant cooperation in national parks in the Canal Watershed. We recommend that participants initiate a prototype management program in one of the national parks in the Watershed that is easily adaptable and can be used as a demonstration site for other national park managers and participants.     

论森林资源监测在森林经理中的作用

在新形势下，传统的森林经理已经不能满足需要，而面临着一些新的问题：因缺乏监督机制，森林经营方案不能付诸实施；因执法力度不够，森林经理目标无法实现；因为没有注入新的内容，森林生态系统经营管理力度不够；森林资源资产化管理和分类经营管理尚待加强。因此必须强化森林资源监测工作，除了已正常开展的如一类、二类、三类调查、人工造林、更新实绩核查、采伐限额执行情况核查，征占用林地调查等外，还有尚未开展的工作，如：封山育林核查、义务植树该查、森林经营方案执行情况核查、野生动物资源监测、森林生态环境监测、生态工程林监测等应尽快开展起来。详细论述了森林资源监测的重要作用并对今后工作提出了要求。     

提高集体林权制度改革后森林经营管理水平的探讨

针对辽东山区集体林权制度改革后的实际情况,从建立林业合作经济组织、建立林业评估及风险防范体系、加大中幼林抚育财政补贴、提高森林抚育经营技术、进行采伐限额制度改革五个方面,详细阐述了提高集体林权制度改革后森林经营管理水平的几项措施,为林改后山区农民森林经营管理提供切实可行的指导意见。