安徽省部分地区山羊隐孢子虫感染情况调查

为了解安徽省山羊隐孢子虫感染情况,为制定人畜共患隐孢子虫病的防控措施提供理论依据,在安徽省境内选泗县、涡阳县和霍邱县作为调查点,分别从各调查点山羊养殖场随机采集50、50、30份新鲜山羊粪样,用改良抗酸染色方法进行检测。共检获2种隐孢子虫,即微小隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium parvum)和安氏隐孢子虫(C.andersoni);隐孢子虫阳性粪样均源自泗县,其感染率为36.00%(18/50),在涡阳县、霍邱县山羊粪样中未检出隐孢子虫。结论表明:羊感染隐孢子虫与饲养管理、自身免疫力等相关。     

重庆市部分种羊场山羊隐孢子虫感染情况调查

调查了重庆市山羊隐孢子虫感染情况,应用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对重庆市武陵山区和山峡库区6个种羊场共301份粪样进行了检测(其中每个羊场抽检率大于10％).结果检出隐孢子虫阳性样品16份,平均感染率为5.32％,场感染率为50％,均在山峡库区,种羊场阳性率最高为21.1％;不同年龄阶段感染情况为:以2～3月龄羔羊、产后1月和怀孕2月左右母羊的感染率较高,分别为9.68％、10.5％和6.67％.所检出的隐孢子虫卵囊经形态学观察,初步鉴定为微小隐孢子虫(C.Parvum).     

德令哈市绵羊住肉孢子虫感染情况调查

检盘清真牛羊定点屠宰户上市新鲜绵羊胴体260只绵羊住肉孢子虫的感染状况。调查发现,膈肌感染率比食道肌和心肌感染率均高,膈肌的感染率30．77％（80／260）,与食道肌和心肌的感染率13．46％（35／260）,7．69％（20／260）,差异显著（P〈0．1）。     

某牧场隐孢子虫感染情况调查

隐孢子虫病是多种脊椎动物特别是仔畜和婴儿的人畜共患寄生虫病,以肠粘膜的损伤为特征。隐孢子虫于1907年由Tyzzer在实验小鼠的胃粘膜中发现,命名为鼠隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidum muris)。1971年Paneiera等在美国发现第1例犊牛隐孢子虫病,1976年Nime等报道了第1例儿童隐孢子虫病之后,才引起人们对该病的重视和研究。近几年,国内也开展了牛隐孢子虫病     

三明市禽隐孢子虫感染情况调查

为了解三明市家禽隐孢子虫感染状况,对三明市辖区内12个鸡场、8个鸭场、2个鹅场、1个鸽场、1个鹌鹑场和36家农村散养户进行随机抽样,共采集696份粪便样品,经饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法检查,隐孢子虫平均感染率27.6%。调查结果表明,不同地区、不同种类、不同日龄、不同饲养方式下禽类隐孢子虫感染率有所差异;根据形态学特征,将分离得到的隐孢子虫鉴定为贝氏隐孢子虫。     

平安县绵羊住肉孢子虫感染情况调查

住肉孢子虫是重要的人畜共患寄生虫病之一。它主要寄生于牛、羊、马、猪、犬、猫、鼠和人,此外,还寄生于鸟类,鱼类和爬行类等多种动物。在肉食品等公共卫生上影响很大。为了摸清平安县当地绵羊的感染情况,笔者于2001年对平安县牛羊定点屠宰场屠宰的绵羊进行了住肉孢子虫感染情况的调查。现报告如下。     

安徽省猪隐孢子虫感染情况及分布特点

隐孢子虫病(Cryptosporidisis)是一种由隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium)引起的呈世界性分布的人畜共患原虫病。自1976年首次报道隐孢子虫引起人发病及近年来认为该病与人的艾滋病(AIDS)有着密切的联系以来[1],国内外对其研究日渐增多。国内北京、吉林、河南、湖南、云南、上海等地已先后发现了隐孢子虫,安徽省亦有零星记载[2～5],为了查明本省猪隐孢子虫感染与地理分布情况,我们对安徽省10个县、市猪隐孢子虫进行了调查研究。1材料与方法1.1调研点的选择在安徽省境内选择淮北地区(淮河以北)的灵璧县、蒙城县和阜阳市,江淮之间(长江与淮河之间)…     

安徽省奶牛隐孢子虫感染情况及分布特点

为查明安徽省奶牛隐孢子虫感染与地理分布情况,选取该地区１０个奶牛场进行了奶牛隐孢子虫感染情况的调研,在５２头奶牛的粪样中查到了隐孢子虫卵囊,其感染率为６．３９％（５２／８１４）;经鉴定,所获虫体为小隐孢子虫（Ｃｒｙｐｔｏｓｐｏｒｉｄｉｕｍｐａｒｖｕｍ）和鼠隐孢子虫（Ｃｒｙｐｔｏｓｐｏｒｉｄｉｕｍｍｕｒｉｓ）;奶牛的隐孢子虫感染存在年龄和地区性差异。     

Salmonella and on-farm risk factors in healthy slaughter-age cattle and sheep in eastern Australia

OBJECTIVE: To examine healthy slaughter-age cattle and sheep on-farm for the excretion of Salmonella serovars in faeces and to identify possible risk factors using a questionnaire. PROCEDURE: The study involved 215 herds and flocks in the four eastern states of Australia, 56 with prior history of salmonellosis. Production systems examined included pasture beef cattle, feedlot beef cattle, dairy cattle, prime lambs and mutton sheep and animals were all at slaughter age. From each herd or flock, 25 animals were sampled and the samples pooled for Salmonella culture. All Salmonella isolated were serotyped and any Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were phage typed. Questionnaires on each production system, prepared in Epi Info 6.04, were designed to identify risk factors associated with Salmonella spp excretion, with separate questionnaires designed for each production system. RESULTS: Salmonellae were identified in all production systems and were more commonly isolated from dairies and beef feedlots than other systems. Statistical analysis revealed that dairy cattle were significantly more likely to shed Salmonella in faeces than pasture beef cattle, mutton sheep and prime lambs (P<0.05). A wide diversity of Salmonella serovars, all of which have been isolated from humans in Australia, was identified in both cattle and sheep. Analysis of the questionnaires showed access to new arrivals was a significant risk factor for Salmonella excretion on dairy properties. For beef feedlots, the presence of large numbers of flies in the feedlot pens or around stored manure were significant risk factors for Salmonella excretion. CONCLUSION: Dairy cattle pose the highest risk of all the slaughter-age animals tested. Some of the identified risk factors can be overcome by improved management practices, especially in relation to hygiene.     

我国6个绵(山)羊群体遗传分化的微卫星分析

为进一步了解我国绵(山)羊群体的品种特性及其遗传分化,本文利用微卫星标记对我国6个绵(山)羊群体遗传分化进行了分析。采用中心产区典型群随机抽样方法用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测乌珠穆沁羊7个微卫星位点,并引用同实验室小尾寒羊、滩羊、湖羊、同羊、长江三角洲白山羊(参照群体)的相关资料进行群体遗传分化水平分析。研究表明:7个微卫星位点在乌珠穆沁羊、小尾寒羊、滩羊、湖羊、同羊、山羊这6个品种中均存在遗传多态性,各座位等位基因均较丰富。根据标准遗传距离、DA遗传距离以及模糊相容关系进行聚类分析,湖羊与同羊首先聚为一类,乌珠穆沁羊和小尾寒羊聚为一类,然后与滩羊聚为一类,5个绵羊品种最后与山羊相聚。     

抑制素免疫对羊生殖的影响

抑制素是一种主要由动物性腺（睾丸的支持细胞和卵巢的颗粒细胞）分泌的一种异二聚体糖蛋白激素,由两个二硫键连接两个不同的亚单位（α和β）构成。抑制素对垂体ＦＳＨ的分泌和／或合成具有选择性地抑制作用。抑制素免疫中和技术能特异性地刺激ＦＳＨ分泌,进而促进配子生成,提高动物繁殖力。西方把抑制素免疫对羊排卵率、产羔数、初情期、超数排卵和公羊繁殖性能的影响作一综述。     

Comparative fluorescein angiography of the normal sheep and goat ocular fundi

Fluorescein angiography without sedative or anesthetic agents was evaluated in 20 normal goats and 20 normal sheep. All of the angiographic phases were observed using 20 mg/kg fluorescein IV in both species. Fundus fluorescein angiography results revealed wide stars of Winslow in the tapetal fundus, central or marginal flow during the first part of the arterial phase, delayed filling of the focal areas in the choroid near the optic disc that often coincided with others in the disc, and lack of evidence of the 'striate area' in the tapetal fundi. In goats, the angiographic times were 6.54+/-1.25 s for the arterial phase (TA), 7.80+/-1.37 s for the arterio-venous phase (TAV), and 14.13+/-2.01 s for the venous phase (TV). I1: 1.30+/-0.30 s (time elapsing between TA and TAV), and I2: 6.20+/-1.60 s (time elapsing between TAV and TV). In sheep, times were 9.54+/-2.18 s TA, 11.73+/-2.10 s TAV, and 20.86+/-2.74 s TV. I1: 2.04+/-0.75 s and I2: 8.98+/-2.47 s, respectively. Due to the large size of the fundic vessels in sheep and goats, fluorescein angiography of the retinal vasculature can facilitate the study of the different vascular diseases in these species.     

Risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium parvum infection in cattle

A 2-year, cross-sectional study was conducted to identify risk factors for Cryptosporidium sp. infection in bovine farms in central Italy. Faecal samples were collected on 248 farms, from 2024 calves and analysed using ELISA and immunofluorescent assay (IFA) commercial kits. In all 101 samples confirmed to be positive with IFA, the aetiological agent was identified as Cryptosporidium parvumand a large genetic variability was detected by subtype analysis. The prevalence of farm infection ranged from 3.4% to 35.6%. Univariate analysis showed a number of putative risk factors, including the type of farm, stalling of calves, late supply of colostrum, number of heads and contact between calves and adults. However, multivariate analysis confirmed that the higher risk for calves was associated with housing calves separately from their dams, a characteristic practice of dairy herd, whereas calves being nursed by their dams, a characteristic of cow-calf herd resulted as a protective factor.     

Effect of single and divided dose administration on thepharmacokinetics of albendazole in sheep and goat

The pharmacokinetics of albendazole were studied in sheep and goats following single and divided doseadministration at nematocidal and flukicidal dose rates. The disposition curves of the metabolites indicated increased uptake of the drug both in sheep and goats at divided dose schedules compared to single dose administration (P<0.05). The increased bioavailability of benzimidazole anthelmintics in divided dose schedules could improve their efficacy and help in extending their lives.     

我国牛羊弓形虫感染情况及影响因素研究进展

弓形虫几乎可以感染所有的温血动物,是一种十分重要的人兽共患原虫病病原。牛羊弓形虫感染不仅影响其自身的发育和繁殖,对畜牧业发展造成一定的经济损失,更重要的是感染弓形虫的牛羊肉和奶可成为人类健康和生命安全的潜在威胁。牛羊弓形虫感染受多种因素(年龄、品种、养殖场管理及犬、猫和鼠的存在等)的影响,不同地区牛羊弓形虫感染的风险因素不尽相同。基于此,论文对弓形虫感染的检测方法、我国不同地区牛羊弓形虫的感染情况及影响弓形虫感染的因素进行综述,旨在为相应地区牛和羊的饲养管理及保障其奶和肉产品的安全供给提供参考。     

Prevalence and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in dairy cattle in Ontario, Canada

Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. are intestinal protozoan parasites that infect a wide range of host species, including humans. Molecular characterization of these parasites has demonstrated that a number of genotypes and species are common to both humans and animals, and that zoonotic transmission may occur. Numerous studies have reported a high prevalence of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in cattle, particularly calves, and these animals are frequently associated with zoonotic transmission. In the present study, a total of 143 faecal samples from adults, heifers and calves were collected from two dairy cattle farms in eastern Ontario, Canada. The prevalence and molecular characteristics of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in these animals were determined in order to investigate the potential for transmission between cattle and humans in this region. Following DNA extractions from faecal samples, nested-PCR protocols were used to amplify fragments of the 16S rRNA gene and the heat-shock protein 70 (HSP-70) gene for determining the prevalence of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. infections, respectively. Genotypes of G. duodenalis, and species of Cryptosporidium, were determined by means of DNA sequencing of amplicons, and subsequent sequence alignment. Cattle on both farms showed a high prevalence of G. duodenalis (42.0%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (27.3%). G. duodenalis infections were more prevalent in calves and heifers than in adults, and Cryptosporidium spp. infections were only observed in calves and heifers. The zoonotic genotype, G. duodenalis Assemblage B was isolated from 24.5% of the cattle tested, while G. duodenalis Assemblage E was found in 17.5% of the cattle tested. The overall prevalence of the zoonotic species Cryptosporidium parvum in the animals tested was found to be 21.7%, while only 1.4% were infected with C. bovis. These findings suggest that there is a potential risk of zoonotic and/or zooanthroponotic transmission of G. duodenalis and C. parvum infections between cattle and humans in eastern Ontario, likely by means of contaminated water or food, or through direct faecal-oral transmission in the case of farmers and veterinary staff.     

重庆地区家畜附红细胞体分子流行病学调查及危险性因素

本试验对重庆地区牛、猪和羊附红细胞体进行分子流行病学调查及危险性因素分析。在2006—2008年期间,采用鲜血压片法、姬姆萨染色法和基于16SrRNA-PCR方法,共检测了307头份牛血样,检测阳性率分别为46%、48%和11%;检测猪血样1 658头份,检测阳性率分别为63%、68%和76%;检测羊血样1 191份,检测阳性率分别为61%、70.4%和16.1%。危险性因素分析结果显示,山区牛附红细胞体感染阳性率极显著高于丘陵地区(OR=16.03,95%CI=5.47～17.11)(P<0.01),山区猪和山羊附红细胞体感染阳性率显著高于丘陵地区(猪:OR=1.38,95%CI=1.06～1.79;羊:OR=1.43,95%CI=0.54～3.82)(P<0.05)。农户散养牛和猪的附红细胞体感染阳性率极显著高于规模化养殖(牛:OR=3.2,95%CI=1.48～6.89;猪:OR=2.28,95%CI=1.79～2.89)(P<0.01)。农户散养山羊附红细胞体感染阳性率高于规模化养殖场(OR=1.19,95%CI=1.09～1.54)(P>0.05),但差异不显著。