金岗库林场主要乔木树种抗火性研究

以金岗库林场4种主要乔木树种为研究对象,运用隶属函数法,对影响树种抗火性的3项理化性指标(绝对含水率、热值、灰分含量)和5项生物生态学特性指标(树冠结构、萌芽力、自然整枝、环境适应性、物候特征)进行分析,对4种树种的抗火性进行了综合评价。结果表明:4种树种中,抗火性强弱排序依次是山杨>白桦>油松>华北落叶松。其中,抗火性强的树种为山杨,抗火性一般的树种为白桦,抗火性差的树种为油松和华北落叶松。通过对金岗库林场4种树种的抗火性进行研究,能够有效对金岗库林场及相似林分区域的护林防火和造林抗火树种的选择提供科学依据。     

吉林省常见灌木树种抗火性研究

通过对吉林省18种常见灌木树种的理化指标测定、生物生态学调查和实验室林火行为试验,选取21个指标,应用专家打分法、灰色关联分析法和聚类分析法评价灌木树种抗火性,结果表明:Ⅰ类——抗火性强树种为小叶丁香、金叶榆,Ⅱ类——抗火性较强树种为榆叶梅、红瑞木、小叶女贞、早锦带花和紫丁香,Ⅲ类——抗火性一般树种为珍珠梅、茶条槭、金银忍冬、金山绣线菊、鸡树条荚蒾、山里红、紫穗槐、刺玫蔷薇、连翘和珍珠绣线菊,Ⅳ类——抗火性弱树种为铺地柏。     

城市绿化树种抗火性能研究

通过对城市园林绿地森林火灾灾后火烧迹地上被烧木的调查,对该林地上生长的18个乔木园林树种的抗火性进行了分析比较。同时研究了树皮、树皮含水率与林木烧伤之间的关系及熏黑高度对树木的影响。结果表明在18个城市绿化树种当中,国槐、皂角和柿树表现出较强的抗火性,3个针叶树种龙柏、黑松和雪松抗火性最弱。其他阔叶树种抗火性中等。树皮厚度和树皮含水率在一定程度上能够反映树种的抗火性,树皮越厚,含水率越高,树种的抗火性越高。火烧时对树干的熏黑高度低于0.5 m时对树木伤害不大,高于1.5 m时对大部分树种能造成较大的伤害。     

10种常绿阔叶树种理化性质的研究

常绿阔叶树种是森林的主要植物种类,具有含水率高的特点。选择石栎Lithocarpus glaper、拟赤杨Alniphyllum tortunei、冬青Ilex chinensis、樟树Cinnamomum philippinense、木荷Schima superba、罗浮栲Castanopsis fabri、山杜英Elaeocarpus decipiens、甜槠Castanopsis eyrei、苦槠Castanopsis sclerophylla、油茶Camellia oleifera 10种常绿阔叶树种,采集不同树种的树叶、树枝和树皮,烘干粉碎后在室内进行理化性质的测定分析,以不同树种器官的含水率、热值、燃点、木质素、粗纤维、粗灰分、粗脂肪7个指标作为评价因素,对10个树种的抗火性进行聚类分析,结果表明:抗火性强的是冬青;抗火性较强的有3种,由强到弱依次是油茶、山杜英、拟赤杨;抗火性一般的有2种,由强到弱依次是苦槠、石栎;抗火性较弱的有4种,由强到弱依次是木荷、樟树、甜槠、罗浮栲。研究结果能为防火树种的筛选提供理论依据。     

蒙古栎近熟林不同部位抗火性分析

蒙古栎是国家二级保护树种,在东北林区占有很大的比重,同时也是营造防风林、水源涵养林的优良树种。以吉林省蛟河林业实验区管理局蒙古栎近熟林为研究对象,根据含水率、灰分、热值、氧指数4个指标,使用熵权法、相关分析和回归分析方法对蒙古栎不同部位抗火性进行研究。结果表明:抗火性最强的是胸径为38.2 cm的蒙古栎树皮,直径为0.16 cm的小枝抗火性最差。蒙古栎不同部位的抗火性依次为:树皮树叶小枝。树皮的抗火性与胸径呈正向线性相关关系,即蒙古栎的胸径越大,抗火性越好;小枝的直径与抗火性呈现极其显著正向线性相关关系,越细的小枝抗火能力越弱。由于蒙古栎林地表可燃物抗火性较差,地表可燃物一定要及时清理,尤其是细小的枯枝落叶。     

基于熵权法的6种树种树皮抗火性研究

西昌市森林火灾给当地人民生命财产安全和森林生态带来巨大威胁,为有效提高森林生物防火能力,对西昌市周边山地林区的6种树种树皮的抗火性进行测定与分析,使用熵权法和聚类分析法,将6种树种按照综合理化性质与燃烧性能差异进行排序和抗火性能等级划分。结果表明：1)树种间树皮的理化性质与燃烧性能指标均呈显著性差异,无患子树皮厚度和粗灰分含量偏高,含水率与粗脂肪含量偏低;余甘子树皮含水率和燃点显著高于其他树种,且粗纤维含量与热值显著低于其他树种;女贞树皮厚度、粗脂肪与木质素含量偏低,燃点显著低于其他树种;乌桕树皮厚度、粗脂肪含量、燃点与热值均偏高;野八角树皮粗灰分含量偏低,粗纤维含量显著高于其他树种;华山松树皮含水率最低,热值显著高于其他树种。2)6种树种树皮的抗火性大小排序为：无患子>余甘子>女贞>乌桕>野八角>华山松。3)6种树种树皮的抗火性可分为3类,无患子的抗火性较好,可作为当地防火树种;余甘子、女贞、乌桕抗火性一般,在生物防火隔离带中可用于混交林营造;野八角和华山松抗火性较差,在大面积纯林区域应注意火灾防治。     

树种抗火性综合评价技术研究

根据树种的理化性质,对评价树种抗火性A.I.D方法和梯度分析法进行比较研究,对2种方法进行了必要的检验,揭示出各分析方法的优点及不足之处,为开展树种抗火性的进一步研究提供了依据。     

37种针阔树种抗火性能及其综合评价的研究

对福建３７个针阔树种鲜叶含水率、粗脂肪、粗灰分、ＳｉＯ２、挥发油含量和燃烧热、燃点、燃烧速度等１０个因子进行测试，并应用Ａ．Ｉ．Ｄ．方法将３７个树种依因子的不同取值范围划分为６个抗火性能等级。其中棕榈、火力楠等４个树种为一级，抗火性能最强；毛栲、木荷等９个树种为二级，抗火性较强；格氏栲、丝栗栲等１５个树种为三级；抗火性能最差的六级是马尾松、侧柏等３个树种。研究结果揭示了南方主要针阔树种抗火性规律，     

中国西南地区防火树种的选择研究(英文)

筛选中国西南地区的防火树种用于营造防火林带或混交林 ,可以有效地预防大面积森林火灾的发生 .通过实验 ,比较分析了西南山区 12个树种的树叶、树枝和树皮的燃烧性 ,结果表明∶(1)各树种均以叶的抗火性能最差 ,阔叶树种比针叶树种的抗火性能强 ;(2 )热值、含水量、燃点和灰分含量是影响叶的抗火能力的主要指标 .木质素含量和苯 乙醇抽取物与总发热量有线性相关关系 ;(3)由多目标决策方法对 12种树的抗火性能综合排序 ,木荷、红椎、杨梅的抗火性强 ,刨花楠、水老排、火力楠、油茶和木莲的抗火性中等 ,稠木、观光木的抗火能力较弱 ,杉木、马尾松的抗火能力弱     

广西大桂山区防火树种的选择研究

森林火灾是危害森林的一大主要自然灾害,采用生物防火可以有效地控制特大森林火灾的发生。本文对广西大桂山区的木荷、火力楠、杨梅等１０种常绿阔叶树种和杉木、马尾松两种针叶树种的叶、小枝和皮的燃烧性能及其组成成分进行了测定,结果表明：（１）各树种均以叶的抗火性能最差,阔叶树种比针叶树种的抗火性能强;（２）热值、含水量、燃点和灰分含量是影响叶的抗火能力的主要指标。木质素含量和苯乙醇抽取物与总发热量有线性相关关系;（３）由多目标决策方法对１２种树的抗火性能综合排序得知,木荷、红椎、杨梅的抗火性强,润楠、米老排、火力楠、大桂山荷和木莲的抗火性中等,稠木、观光木的抗火能力较弱,杉木、马尾松的抗火能力强。     

几个抗林火树种含水量和抗燃性的研究

实践证明，树干的抗燃性及大于枝条，枝条的抗燃性大于枝叶，枝叶的抗燃性是抗林火树种优劣的重要标志，也是该树种所含物质的综合反映；同一树种含水量高低对抗燃性有一些影响，但树种间不同含水量不能衡量其树种的抗燃性。采用静风篝火法测定树种的抗燃时间，籍此来研究抗林火树种，利用树种最佳组合配置，使生态防火阻隔效能达到更高的水平。     

树种枝叶微观结构对树种燃烧性的影响研究

选择具有不同抗火能力的亚热带树种来研究树叶和树枝的微观组织结构与燃烧性的关系，分别测定木荷、茶树、油茶、苦槠、女贞、石楠、日本珊瑚树、枇杷、杉木和马尾松等10个树种叶片、叶脉和树枝的组织比，并利用锥形量热仪测定样品的阻火性。结果发现，树叶构造对燃烧性有影响，阔叶树种的树叶结构有利于水分的传输与蒸散，叶脉中木质部比重越大，越有利于水分的传输；海绵组织，栅栏组织与火发生指数之间存在显著的回归关系，茶树、木荷的海绵组织，栅栏组织比值高，抗火能力强。树枝的燃烧性与其结构密切相关。特别是树枝的抗火性与其导管所占比例正相关，木荷、日本珊瑚树的导管比重大，传输水分的能力强，抗火烧能力强。     

Studies on Selection of Fire Resistant Tree Species for Subtropical Area of China

Fire disaster is the primary one of the facts of deforestation. Although in recent years the level of forest management and technique for fire suppression have been improving and fire fighting force has been strengthened, the area of fire has not been decreased obviously. Using biological fire resistant technique can effectively prevent the campaign fire. In this paper, fire resistant ability and component about 12 tree species, in mountain area of Daguishan, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, have been analyzed in laboratory. The results from this study indicated as the followings: (1) For all the tree species, fire resistant ability of leaf is more susceptible than that of branches and bark, and the broadleaf tree species are stronger than coniferous tree species in fire-resistance. (2) Calorific vdlue, water content, combustion temperature and ash content are main indexes affectingfire resistance. Heat value relates to lignin content and benzene-ethanol extractive content linearly. (3) By means of the     

树叶抗火性的排序与分类

本文应用多元统计分析中的因子分析和聚类分析方法，使用spss 10.0 for windows统计软件系统对55种树叶的6种性状进行统计分析。通过计算和分析，得出了反映树叶抗火性的顺序和类别，对于防火树种的选择有参考作用。从抗火性的结论中，可以看出因子分析和聚类分析适合抗火性的排序与分类分析。     

Fire resistance of European pines

Pine resistance to low- to moderate-intensity fire arises from traits (namely related to tissue insulation from heat) that enable tree survival. Predictive models of the likelihood of tree mortality after fire are quite valuable to assist decision-making after wildfire and to plan prescribed burning. Data and models pertaining to the survival of European pines following fire are reviewed. The type and quality of the current information on fire resistance of the various European species is quite variable. Data from low-intensity fire experiments or regimes is comparatively abundant for Pinus pinaster and Pinus sylvestris, while tree survival after wildfire has been modelled for Pinus pinea and Pinus halepensis. P. pinaster and P. pinea, and Pinus canariensis in special, are better equipped to survive fire, but low-intensity fire is tolerated even by species often referred to as fire-sensitive (P. halepensis and Pinus radiata). The relative fire resistance of European pine species is assessed on the basis of (i) morphological and experimental data, and (ii) mortality modelling that considers fire behaviour. Limitations of these approaches to rate fire resistance are discussed, and the current knowledge gaps are indicated.     

Fire cycle and fire adaptation of main tree species in Daxing’anling forest region,China

Based on the fire statistics, the Daxing’anling forest area were classified into three fire cycle regions: northern coniferous virgin forest region with a fire cycle ofl 10–120 years, middle conifer-broad-leaved mixed forest region with a fire cycle of 30–40 years, and southern broad-leaved secondary forest region with a fire cycle of 15–20. The percentage of conifers and broad-leaved trees, forest age and natural mature period of main tree species in different fire cycle regions were discussed in concern with fire occurrence. The characteristics of fire adaptation and fire resistance of main tree species, such as sexual and asexual reproduction, were discussed and evaluation of the synthetical fire adaptation was made.     

红荷木防火林带试验总结

营造红荷木防火林带的试验结果表明：红荷木生长迅速,具抗火和耐火性,是理想的防火树种。以其营造的林带网络,在炼山作业中能有效地将火源控制在特定的范围内,是一种可行的、多效益的生物防火林带模式。     

Fire sensitivity of broadleaf tree species in plantations of Kurdistan,Iran

To better manage wildfires and plantations in Kurdistan, native tree species commonly used in planting and reviving forests such as Quercus brantii Lindl., Q. infectoria Olivier, Q. libani Olivier, Pistachio atlantica Desf., Fraxinus rotundifolia Vahl, and Robinia pseudoacacia L. were evaluated and compared in terms of fire sensitivity and fire resistance. To determine fire sensitivity, indices such as the fl ammability index, ignition time, fl ame durability, moisture content, carbonized surface, mass reduction, bulk density, as well as dry weight of wood, bark, and leaves were used. The data were subjected to ANOVA. The means obtained, after examining homogeneity or heterogeneity of the variances, were compared using parametric and nonparametric comparison tests. There was a significant difference at the level of 5%. Based on the analysis of these indices, the species could be divided into three groups: species sensitive to fire such as Robinia pseudoacacia, species moderately sensitive to fire such as F. rotundifolia, and species relatively resistant to fire, including Q. brantii, Q. libani, Q. infectoria, and P. atlantica.